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Sunday, May 12, 2019

What happens to microbes' corpses after they die?

What happens to microbes' corpses after they die?


What happens to microbes' corpses after they die?

Posted: 12 May 2019 04:03 AM PDT

In the macroscopic world, things decay as they're eaten by microbes.

How does this process work in the microscopic world? Say I use hand sanitiser and kill millions of germs on my hands. What happens to their corpses? Are there smaller microbes that eat those dead bodies? And if so, what happens when those microbes die? At what level do things stop decaying? And at that point, are raw materials such as proteins left lying around, or do they get re-distributed through other means?

submitted by /u/floppy_eardrum
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If including risk-taking and substance abuse, how do the genders compare in deliberate self-harm?

Posted: 12 May 2019 07:05 AM PDT

Studies find that male suicide rates are far higher than women's, across regions and countries. However, it seems that delibarate self-harm (DSH) is more prevalent in women throughout Europe, with Finland as a possible exception. But what is the case if one includes deliberate risk-taking activity—such as choosing the most dangerous jobs, performing dangerous stunts in front of friends, or consciously picking fights—or using substances (alcohol, drugs) in order to punish oneself? These kinds of activities are generally associated with men, so it would seem that perhaps DSH numbers might look different if such problematic actions are taken account of as well.

Sources:

  • Connell, Raewyn: Masculinities, second edition, Polity Press, Cambridge 2005.
  • Hawton, Keith: 'Sex and suicide: Gender differences in suicidal behaviour' https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.484 Published online: 02 January 2018
submitted by /u/Canned-Man
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What causes some coastal cliffs to have thin beaches at their bases, while others have deep or rocky water immediately?

Posted: 11 May 2019 05:35 PM PDT

How were the most recently discovered Elements (ie. 113, 117, 119 ect.) documented, when their half lives are so short?

Posted: 12 May 2019 12:44 AM PDT

Democracy will inevitably help majorities at the expense of minorities because majorities will vote with self interest. Is there a known governmental system where decisions are made with more equality?

Posted: 12 May 2019 06:10 AM PDT

Calculating the trigonometric functions, logarithms and square roots by hand. How?

Posted: 12 May 2019 02:19 AM PDT

Is there a method of calculating sine, cosine and other trigonometric functions by hand? Here I am not talking about the angles we know the trig functions of by heart, but of an arbitrary angle (68.4 degrees for example). Logarithms and square roots as well. Moreover, how did people do it before the times of computers and calculators? I have found that Taylor series can be used, but the first term still involves calculating the value of the function. If not Taylor series, then how?

submitted by /u/Nikyvas911
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What would happen if you were hit by a beam from a particle accelerator?

Posted: 11 May 2019 04:02 PM PDT

Why do some exhaust fumes from airplanes stay in the sky for hours (the white long lines), while other disintegrate and disappear immediately?

Posted: 12 May 2019 03:31 AM PDT

Why is the membrane of a cell called the "plasma membrane" when it's made out of lipids?

Posted: 11 May 2019 02:50 PM PDT

According to my understanding, plasma is another state of matter (the fourth secret one you don't learn until around high school), and is a large part of your blood. So, in the context of the lipid bi-layer for all animal cells, wouldn't it make more sense to call it the lipid membrane? Thanks for your answers

submitted by /u/Lethargic_Leopard
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How does a diet of an ancient people compare to an average modern diet?

Posted: 11 May 2019 07:01 PM PDT

Do our eyes adjust to motion like they do to light?

Posted: 11 May 2019 01:54 PM PDT

For example, when I'm playing a game at 30 fps, it will initially feel slow and laggy, but after a bit, it looks like it's moving smoothly, even though the framerate hasn't changed. After I stop playing, real life will appear to be moving faster and smoother, but after it bit, it becomes normal again.

So I'd like to know: do our eyes (or maybe the vision center of our brains) "slow down" or "speed up" with the speed of what we're observing, like how they let more or less light in depending on the amount of light we're looking at?

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Is there anyway to heal a smoker's lung? Or has the damage been done already and requires a transplant?

Posted: 11 May 2019 03:07 PM PDT

How are they considered new elements when half lives are so short?

Posted: 11 May 2019 03:21 PM PDT

I am aware of the band of stability and what it means, and with the recent discovery of element 118 Og we now completed row 7 of the table.

What I dont understand is how are these new elements considered and confirmed as new elements if they only have half lives less than a few seconds Og being less than a few milliseconds, so how is it technically classified as an element if it isnt even stable?

submitted by /u/CMD2ElectricBoogaloo
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Is it possible for there to be Earth bacteria now living on Mars because of the rovers we sent there?

Posted: 11 May 2019 08:57 PM PDT

A bit of a shower thought I had recently: Is it viable that humans have inadvertently colonized Mars with Earth bacteria that had attached themselves to the Mars rovers? Would it have all died on transit? If it did survive, is it a possibility that it could reproduce and thrive on the surface of Mars?

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/Stickaxe
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What are the main structural differences between x-ray spectroscopy derived protein structures of the gamma-delta TCR versus the alpha-beta TCR?

Posted: 11 May 2019 02:14 PM PDT

What does cancer-free actually mean?

Posted: 11 May 2019 11:58 PM PDT

Does it mean there is not a single cancerous cell in your body?, Or is it like on probability basis, that you have a high chance of not getting cancer again?

submitted by /u/Amolk2207
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Why does charcoal burn?

Posted: 11 May 2019 11:55 AM PDT

Charcoal is burnt wood, so why does it burn?

submitted by /u/ShavedPlatypuss
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What actually increases risk of lung cancer when smoking?

Posted: 11 May 2019 03:03 PM PDT

I may get this completely wrong but my first guess is increased risk of denaturing your cells DNA due to the smoke, heat, chemicals, etc.

submitted by /u/_Kutler
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Does our brain have data bandwidth limits?

Posted: 11 May 2019 09:33 PM PDT

Can bad weather affect the functioning of a radar?

Posted: 11 May 2019 09:01 PM PDT

How can we know one proton moves atp synthase ‘turbine’ one measure without being able to see the protein, let alone the specific mechanisms?

Posted: 11 May 2019 08:58 PM PDT

Is the turbine model just a theory?

Theres some interesting visuals on YouTube I would have never questioned, and multiple sources collaborate so it must be true, but my father posed the question and I was at a loss.

submitted by /u/FiveFiddyFive
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Saturday, May 11, 2019

If fevers are the immune system's response to viral/bacterial infection, why do with try to reduce them? Is there a benefit to letting a fever run its course vs medicinal treatment?

If fevers are the immune system's response to viral/bacterial infection, why do with try to reduce them? Is there a benefit to letting a fever run its course vs medicinal treatment?


If fevers are the immune system's response to viral/bacterial infection, why do with try to reduce them? Is there a benefit to letting a fever run its course vs medicinal treatment?

Posted: 11 May 2019 05:42 AM PDT

It's my understanding that a fever is an autoimmune response to the common cold, flu, etc. By raising the body's internal temperature, it makes it considerably more difficult for the infection to reproduce, and allows the immune system to fight off the disease more efficiently.

With this in mind, why would a doctor prescribe a medicine that reduces your fever? Is this just to make you feel less terrible, or does this actually help fight the infection? It seems (based on my limited understanding) that it would cure you more quickly to just suffer through the fever for a couple days.

submitted by /u/cam_wing
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Can fish live (or at least breathe) in liquids that are not water? For example milk

Posted: 10 May 2019 08:16 AM PDT

How do rocket scientists ensure that a rocket's mass distribution is balanced throughout a launch?

Posted: 11 May 2019 04:41 AM PDT

I've been playing a lot of Kerbal Space Program (game where you basically run a space program), and I always need to make sure that my launch vehicle (rocket) is either incredibly balanced, has control surfaces to compensate, or the magic reaction wheels. Otherwise my next stop is the ground, not orbit.

Considering the constraints that actual rocket scientists face, what options do they have available to make sure that a rocket doesn't spin out of control?

submitted by /u/KerbalFactorioLeague
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In capillary effect: where do liquids take the energy from to "climb up" objects?

Posted: 11 May 2019 06:19 AM PDT

We asked our physics teacher this question and he didn't know the answear nor could anyone figure it out. I'm really curious about this topic since and couldn't find the answear anywhere on the Internet.

submitted by /u/Yaranaika_exe
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Is there anything “special” about the visible spectrum?

Posted: 10 May 2019 08:44 PM PDT

Our eyes perceive light in the visible spectrum, which is just one small part of the full electromagnetic spectrum. We can differentiate hundreds of colors out of this relatively narrow spectrum of light.

My question is, is there anything special about the part of the EM spectrum that our eyes can see that allow us to distinguish red from blue from yellow? If we instead had evolved to "see" in what we consider the UV or microwave regimes, would an eye be able to perceive different colors? In other words, is the visible spectrum the only spectrum where we could have so much differentiation in color?

submitted by /u/EBtwopoint3
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My pregnant wife had a blood test done to check for chromosomal anomalies in our child. How does this work?

Posted: 10 May 2019 08:17 PM PDT

How does blood drawn from my wife tell us any chromosomal information for our unborn child?

submitted by /u/Lentra888
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How do fish/whales/dolphins/any aquatic life drink?

Posted: 11 May 2019 05:34 AM PDT

How much ozone is generated by the UV light of an electrical arc? Is there a formula for it? What factors influence the production rate?

Posted: 11 May 2019 05:30 AM PDT

How do plants determine which leaves "die" first?

Posted: 10 May 2019 12:46 PM PDT

I have a Dragon Tree that I keep in my office.

http://www.costafarms.com/plants/madagascar-dragon-tree

Every once in awhile, I'll have a brown leaf randomly appear from either not enough sun or not enough water.

How does the plant determine which leaf is the one to die while the others remain fully green?

submitted by /u/caverunner17
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Can cosmic radiation trigger neurons in any significant or cognitively noticeable way?

Posted: 10 May 2019 04:31 PM PDT

I'm led to understand cosmic radiation can trigger transistors within electronic circuits. Was curious if it could also energise a neural pathway in the brain to any degree

submitted by /u/Intestellr_overdrive
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Do people with verbal tourette syndrome also have those tics when speaking in foreign languages?

Posted: 10 May 2019 06:59 AM PDT

Hey, I saw a video of a guy with verbal tourette syndrome (swearing and motoric tics) said that he had conversations in foreign languages where his tourette (at least the verbal part) was suppressed. Now I wanted to know if it is common for this syndrom or it is only a few people? And does it only affect when speaking and not thinking? If it is common is it a therapy form for them to think in those or even change their life in only speaking foreign languages? I couldn't find anything related to this so i would really appreciate it if someone can answer the question.

Greetings

submitted by /u/Boltoo
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What is the benefit of using telescopes outside of the visible spectrum?

Posted: 10 May 2019 10:14 AM PDT

What information can you gather by observing other celestial bodies in radio/microwave/xray etc. that you couldnt in the visible spectrum?

submitted by /u/ZachofArc
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What is is or what was the appendix’s function?

Posted: 10 May 2019 04:25 PM PDT

Do dogs/cats display a preference for specific breeds, or any kind of individual attribute in an artificial breeding environment?

Posted: 10 May 2019 06:58 AM PDT

Do cats or dogs show preference for specific breeds or traits in a non-natural environment such as a breeding programme or an small predetermined set of choices? Has any study like this been done?

If presented a choice in such an environment do the animals still go for some specific trait reliably or is it just any hole's a goal / random selection of breeding partner?

submitted by /u/Khal_Doggo
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Why are mesons and gluons considered the same force but do (largely?) different things?

Posted: 10 May 2019 02:04 PM PDT

Laman here. My educational level is occasionally browsing Wikipedia and talking about it with other amateurs of the subject. I don't understand how the strong nuclear force "knows" the difference between holding hadrons together via gluons vs holding nuclei together via mesons. Also, why aren't mesons represented as a boson in the standard model?

Additionally, Wikipedia says mesons are unstable particles (lasting hundredths of a microsecond), but if so how do nuclei stay held together? Are mesons constantly created to do that job, and if so, how?

Additionally additionally, it says mesons are comprised of one quark and one anti-quark held by strong interactions. Why don't they just annihilate themselves when they bond?

submitted by /u/PaOrolo
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What percentage of participants in a clinical drug trial have to report the same side effect for it to be included on the finished label?

Posted: 10 May 2019 04:03 PM PDT

Do stars situated at the edge of a massive globular star cluster experience tidal locking to its center or some other curious effects of gravity?

Posted: 10 May 2019 04:12 AM PDT

How did the B vitamins get different numbers and why are there gaps in that numbering system?

Posted: 10 May 2019 06:07 AM PDT

How come the most sensitive seismic sensor we have ever made is on Mars?

Posted: 10 May 2019 05:19 AM PDT

Flared with planetary science, cos I guess Geology isn't a science or something

so, I read this NS article at lunch today which, amongst other things, implies that the seismic sensor set up that they have on Mars is better than any operating on Earth. I have 2 questions

The article states that the quake they detected was so slight that the very best sensors currently in service on Earth "might" have detected it. It goes on to state that 3 even smaller quakes were detected in March and April, so weak that "the best detectors on earth would never have been able to spot them". Now, I get that we send very expensive stuff into space but, is it really true that the best seismic sensor that humanity has in service (perhaps has ever made) is on Mars? Maybe there is no use for that level of sensitivity on an earth bound sensor setup? I would have thought science would have use for such a thing down here

Supplemental question (and perhaps stupid / completely incorrect, I admit I didn't use my google smarts before posting): I thought Mars and the moon were Geologically dead ... so what is the deal with moon / mars quakes, what causes them what are the cores / mantles etc made of etc etc (or am I just wrong and both are still geologically active?)

submitted by /u/bomberesque1
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Which came first the ribosome or DNA?

Posted: 10 May 2019 09:24 AM PDT

I understand to an approximation that a ribosome is a complex machine made from proteins that allow creation of more proteins by interpreting the DNA code as chains of amino acids.

Given that ribosomes are made from proteins and proteins through the use of ribosomes interpreting a code written in DNA. What are the various explanations of how this process begins?

submitted by /u/NeatIdea
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Friday, May 10, 2019

How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?

How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?


How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:33 AM PDT

Deciduous trees shed and have to grow back their leaves every year but they aren't always out-competed by conifers in many latitudes where both grow. How much energy does it take a tree to re-grow its leaves? Does a pine continue to accumulate energy over the winter or is it limited by water availability? What does a tree's energy budget look like, overall?

submitted by /u/symmetry81
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How do heat shield tiles work? Why are they black instead of white or shiny?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:31 AM PDT

I would expect a heat shield tile (such as those found on the bottom of the space shuttle, or around the engines of the Dragon spacecraft) to look more reflective if their job is to repel heat. How do they work?

submitted by /u/obnubilated
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How long do termite mounds take to build? How do they get bigger if the termites are never on the outside?

Posted: 09 May 2019 04:23 PM PDT

How are "unknown" viruses causing illness in the human body detected and indentified?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:32 PM PDT

How pancreas cells feels level of glucose?

Posted: 09 May 2019 11:03 PM PDT

How pancreas cells feels level of glucose in blood, for producing insulin or glucagon?

submitted by /u/TechnocraticDude
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Are we born with ideas of what smells good and what smells bad or do we learn that at a very young age?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:15 PM PDT

I know that smell is very subvective, however most of us can all agree that, for exemple, trash smells bad and fruits smell good. This is what I am speaking of, do we have any baseline for smells or do we learn from scratch when we are born?

submitted by /u/trnr3024
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Why do the rings of a planet tend to have a large variety of different colors and shades?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:56 PM PDT

Ringed planets a large array of differently-colored segments of the rings as opposed to one "blended" color for the entire ring, this has interested me for ages and I can't find out why this is. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/CosmicAcorn
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Why do urinary tract infections sometimes cause psychosis in the elderly?

Posted: 09 May 2019 02:48 AM PDT

At around what age do babies or toddlers start recognising people they only see occasionally?

Posted: 09 May 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Since he's been born, I see my nephew every few months but when I do see him, I spend a decent amount of time with him, a weekend at least. I am never sure if he remembers me from the last time or not. I spent Christmas with my fam, including him of course and he was 21 months at the time. Now he's a little over two and I have just seen him again. At this age is he able to remember me from spending time with him at Christmas?

submitted by /u/Ruby_Dalia
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What is the current state of CO2 removal using direct air capture?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:15 AM PDT

I have a lot of questions about removing CO2 from the environment, but let's focus on this one:

  • How effective is removing CO2 from the air using direct air capture?

Additional questions:

  • How cost-effective is direct air capture?
  • Are there any machines I could run from home or am I better off planting a tree?
  • Are there any other methods than direct air capture?

When I google, I get some company websites, so at least it seems profitable/a good story for investors, but that does not tell me much about the future of these technologies. Looking forward to your insights :)

submitted by /u/Dutchy_
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Science Question: Combustion in space?

Posted: 09 May 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Okay. So. In space, there is very little gravity, meaning that things are essentially weightless. That includes liquids, like water.

So. That means that other liquids, like Gas or Alcohol are able to do the spherical floating thing too, right?

And I understand that it's not the gas/alcohol itself that's flammable, it's the fumes.

So I guess what I'm asking is:

  1. Is it possible to cause combustion in space (in an area that has the proper atmosphere of course)
  2. Can that combustion be a result of gas/alcohol?
  3. How would it burn?

I know, this sounds like a pyro question. And it is. But my friends and I have been wondering this legit since Freshman year of HIGHSCHOOL.

Our current hypothesis is:

If the substance is in an area that contains air, and a flame is able to start combustion, there would be not much of a reaction. Just a burning ball of fire floating in space.

Keep in mind that none of us are science majors here, so that's why I bring it here to see what the masses on Reddit are able to figure out.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/justarandom_redditor
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Does physical exercise before a test increase test scores?

Posted: 09 May 2019 10:51 AM PDT

When a flower is growing what determines what color the flower will be?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:35 PM PDT

I just read about 'superionic ice' being added to its over a dozen forms. Is ice/water unique to having all these variations?

Posted: 09 May 2019 08:23 AM PDT

Is nuclear graphite radioactive?

Posted: 09 May 2019 10:50 AM PDT

I just saw an episode of the new TV series "Chernobyl", and in the show they depict firefighters being irradiated by graphite blocks strewn across the ground. Obviously these were originally inside the core, but with my limited understanding of how reactors work, I don't see why they would be radioactive.

Is graphite not inert? And are there other parts of a nuclear reactor, besides the fuel, which are also radioactive?

submitted by /u/cheeksmear
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What is the best recipe for a very bouncy rubber ball? What makes a bouncy vall elastic on a molecular level?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:09 PM PDT

How is polyvinylalcohol (PVA) made into dish/laundry pods?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:58 PM PDT

I've tried googling and unfortunately I just get articles about the tide pod challenge. I'm curious how the material is developed and if it has any negative qualities/impacts. Thank you so much!

submitted by /u/heeeelllllloooo
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What makes one allele dominant and one allele recessive?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:55 AM PDT

I know that dominant alleles are the ones that get expressed, but what is physically different about dominant alleles compared to recessive alleles?

submitted by /u/Aidanmartin3
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When a doctor gives you a specific percentage (like there’s a 10% possibility that you will be cured), what is that percentage based on?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:26 PM PDT

When a doctor gives you a specific percentage (like there's a 10% possibility that you will be cured), what is that percentage based on? Is it based on anything or do they just kind of...guesstimate?

submitted by /u/KanemMusic
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Can or do we think with the 'brain' in our stomach(enteric nervous system)?

Posted: 09 May 2019 08:37 AM PDT

Do moving plants (like venus fly trap) have muscle fibers? Do they get the same benefit from excersize as mammals do?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:17 AM PDT

What statistical evidence for telepathy is Alan Turing referring to in his "Turing test" paper?

Posted: 09 May 2019 02:07 AM PDT

In his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", which introduces what is now known as the Turing test, Alan Turing discusses nine potential objections as to why one might reject the proposed "imitation game" as a measure of whether machines can think. The last of these objection is "The Argument from Extrasensory Perception". The following is the first paragraph under that heading:

I assume that the reader is familiar with the idea of extrasensory perception, and the meaning of the four items of it, viz., telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and psychokinesis. These disturbing phenomena seem to deny all our usual scientific ideas. How we should like to discredit them! Unfortunately the statistical evidence, at least for telepathy, is overwhelming. It is very difficult to rearrange one's ideas so as to fit these new facts in. Once one has accepted them it does not seem a very big step to believe in ghosts and bogies. The idea that our bodies move simply according to the known laws of physics, together with some others not yet discovered but somewhat similar, would be one of the first to go.

I think it's safe to say that telepathy and ESP in general is not taken seriously nowadays within the scientific community, but if Turing is to be believed this doesn't necessarily seem to be the case around 1950 when his paper was published.

Unfortunately he doesn't explicitly point to any studies, which led him to make such a statement.

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Why does light bend when refracting?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:12 AM PDT

I've read and understood many explanations, but which of them is correct? Is it because light takes the path that requires the least energy to traverse (Fermet's principle), and so bends closer to the normal so that it exits quicker? Wouldn't that only actually mean it exits quicker if the medium it enters is a certain shape? Another thing I read said that it's because one part of the wave enters and slows down first, meaning that the wave will bend? But then why would light slow down? Is it because of the electromagnetic interference of the atoms in the medium? I just need some clarification, thanks.

submitted by /u/canesminior
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