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Saturday, April 6, 2019

How did scientists know the first astronauts’ spacesuits would withstand the pressure differences in space and fully protect the astronauts inside?

How did scientists know the first astronauts’ spacesuits would withstand the pressure differences in space and fully protect the astronauts inside?


How did scientists know the first astronauts’ spacesuits would withstand the pressure differences in space and fully protect the astronauts inside?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 04:33 PM PDT

What is the base temperature in space?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 07:47 PM PDT

I've had an interesting thought about what the base temperature of space is. I mean in a spot where no warmth of a star gets through. I thought about 0 Kelvin. But that would be the temperature where everything is cold dead and nothing can move (at least from Earth's perspective). So what would be the base temperature in space?

(I'm sorry if this question is too basic I'm an astro-noob)

submitted by /u/miloscccc
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How do animals with fur and researchers in the arctic get vitamin D?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 07:01 AM PDT

When viewing macro images of insects they seem extremely clean. Do insects clean themselves thoroughly throughout the day?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 09:27 PM PDT

Specifically, I've seen a few images of spiders and even the areas around their eyes and mouths appear very clean. How do they reach these areas? Or is there another reason they appear this way?

submitted by /u/ologyism
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When people are listening to loud music through headphones, why do other people only hear the drums/beat of the music?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 09:22 PM PDT

This happens every day when I'm on the bus, and it just annoys me throughout that 30 minutes of my day. I just thought it was interesting that I only heard the beat of the music, and not the melody.

submitted by /u/Kahoot_Admin5434
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How are there skeletons left over after a volcano eruption buries a town in molten lava? Wouldn't the lava be hot enough to disintegrate bone matter?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 03:47 AM PDT

Why do smells smell good or bad?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 02:17 AM PDT

I wasn't sure what flair this belonged under so correct me if I'm wrong.

What is going on in your brain when you smell something good?

Why does it smell good?

What is happening in your brain when you smell something bad?

Why does it smell bad?

Why do some things smell neither good nor bad, They just have a smell?

Do some smells trigger serotonin? Is serotonin what's responsible for making something smell good?

Hell, what is a smell? Is it a molecule, a gas, or a magical fume?

I don't have access to a search engine right now so sorry for any questions that could have been googled.

submitted by /u/crackheadshrek
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Why do excited electrons hesitate to fall back down?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 05:50 AM PDT

I've read somewhere that when an electron absorps a photon, it is excited to a higher energy state, where it remains for a few femtoseconds, whereafter it "decays" back down to a lower energy level, emitting a photon. Why doesn't the electron decay immediately, and what determines how long it stays excited?

submitted by /u/oz1sej
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How does a nerve gas mask differ from other gas mask?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 05:40 AM PDT

WWI mask were tested against chlorine , phosgene and mustard gas. What would be the necessary modifications to be effective against nerve gases, such as tabun and sarin?

submitted by /u/groenewald
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Are there any animals who are known to travel somewhere to die?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 07:29 PM PDT

I'm currently watching Our Planet on Netflix and there is a part where they film baby flamingos. I started thinking "That is a lot of babies. Do an equal amount of adult birds die each year? If yes, that seems like a large amount of dead birds in one area". I imagined lots of them dying and then thought about whether or not animals travel to die.

submitted by /u/CodyLeeTheTree
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Are the products of burning tobacco especially toxic comparably?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 07:44 AM PDT

As a layman I think to know that many plants have the same general 'structure' (on a certain level), which should lead to many plants having similar reaction products when burnt.

Does tobacco contain distinct 'own' compounds that make it's smoke especially toxic to humans, ie more toxic than the smoke of comparable plant matter?

submitted by /u/Ebenberg
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Do animals know when to stop eating or eat less since their prey can't reproduce quick enough?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 07:42 AM PDT

We have a lot of trouble with overfishing the ocean for example. so I asked myself If animals may have such a problem as well and stop before it's too late.

submitted by /u/Dogtransformer
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What damage do amphetamines (including the controlled substance methamphetamine) do to the body, what causes death in user/abuser and how long does such person live since beginning of abuse?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 12:59 AM PDT

I know there is not one type of amphetamine and I am interested in all of them (including methamphetamine).

I would also like to ask that if a non ADHD person would take Ritalin/Adderall what would he feel? Would he feel euphoria and get instantly addicted?

submitted by /u/GullibleHospital
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What type of iron oxide forms on the surface of steel parts during tempering?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 08:06 PM PDT

When steel is tempered, depending on the temperature and atmosphere, the parts will form a different color ranging from light brown to lue to black. Is this Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 (magnetite).

What range of temperatures is Fe3O4 formed on iron/steel?

submitted by /u/ReptilianOver1ord
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Do animals recognize their own “voices” (barks, meows, growls, etc.) when they hear them on recordings?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 02:37 PM PDT

How different is the human species compared to what it used to be like 9000 years ago?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 03:21 AM PDT

Can I electroplate with 925 silver? Or does the anode have to be 999 silver?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 03:15 AM PDT

I wanted to give silver electro plating a try tomorrow for fun and just plate an old penny. I have a bit of silver from metal detecting which is mostly 925 silver, can I plate with this? Or does the anode HAVE to be pure 999 silver?

Cheers

submitted by /u/TTT334
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Why have teen birth rates declined sharply across every state in the US over the past 30 years?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 11:02 PM PDT

Before looking at the data myself, I wouldn't have guessed that teen birth rates have declined dramatically in *every* US state since 1990. What explains this country-wide decline?

Here are two charts showing the decline in teen birth rates:

Time series of teen birth rates in every US state between 1990 and 2016.

Time series of teen birth rates in the US, disaggregated by race (2007-2017).

submitted by /u/inspurious_
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Were the effects of being exposed to a vacuum ever explored scientifically by putting animals in a vacuum chamber?

Posted: 06 Apr 2019 01:56 AM PDT

Very long time ago when nobody really cared about the well-being of animals somebody told me that mice were put in a vacuum and that made them inflate like balloons and killed them. This question came to me when reading a post about the testing of pressure suits for astronauts.

submitted by /u/public_image_ltd
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Friday, April 5, 2019

Does launching projectiles significantly alter the orbit of Hayabusa2?

Does launching projectiles significantly alter the orbit of Hayabusa2?


Does launching projectiles significantly alter the orbit of Hayabusa2?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 06:52 AM PDT

I saw the news today that the Hayabusa2 spacecraft launched a second copper "cannonball" at the Ryugu asteroid. What kind of impact does this have on its ability to orbit the asteroid? The 2kg impactor was launched at 2km/s, this seems like it would produce a significant amount of thrust which would push the spacecraft away from the asteroid. So what do they do in response to this? Do they plan for the orbit to change after the launch and live with it? Is there some kind of "retro rocket" to apply a counter thrust to compensate for it? Or is the actual thrust produced by the launch just not actually significant? Here is the article I saw: https://www.cnet.com/news/japan-is-about-to-bomb-an-asteroid-and-you-can-watch-here/

submitted by /u/showponies
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[Astronomy] Do giant, highly oblate planets exist?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 06:51 AM PDT

I'm reading one of the first hard science fiction novels written: Mission of Gravity by Hal Clement. In it a world called Mesklin is described with, among others, the following characteristics:

  • supergiant,
  • highly oblate,
  • strong gravity (a gee force gradient, starting at 3 g on the equator, and ending at 665 g on the planet's poles).

I'm very curious if this falls in the technically possible category or if we have actually found a planet that has the rough characteristics as described.

submitted by /u/nevahre
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Why can excited monoatomic gases (eg neon) emit photons but not homonuclear molecules (eg dinitrogen)?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 07:00 AM PDT

this is from the wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_laser

From the article: electron impact excites vibrational motion of the nitrogen. Because nitrogen is a homonuclear molecule, it cannot lose this energy by photon emission, and its excited vibrational levels are therefore metastable and relatively long-lived.

submitted by /u/nicktohzyu
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Why are testicles considered a gland and ovaries are organs? Or what is the difference between a gland and an organ?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 04:19 AM PDT

Are there any herd animals that exhibit sacrificial behaviour when being hunted by predators?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 03:26 AM PDT

Have there been any cases where the old/weak/infirm members of the herd have sacrificed themselves to predators to allow the greater herd and younger animals to escape?

submitted by /u/DubstepBurrito
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Do people native to high altitude places experience any negative effects on their health when at sea level?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 01:17 AM PDT

Those huge cargo ships and oil tankers have a really small anchor compared to the overall size of the ship. How does such a small anchor manage to keep the ship in place?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 04:44 AM PDT

Is the light from the sun mostly incandescence or a byproduct of fusion?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 03:36 PM PDT

I imagine it's a combination, but are we mostly seeing radiant energy cast off from fusion, or the incandescent glow of the hot matter afterwards?

submitted by /u/oliksandr
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How do we tell the difference between convergent, divergent, and parallel evolution?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 05:20 AM PDT

Because for the most part, all we get to see is a snapshot in the chain, how can we tell if species are related or not?

submitted by /u/Ozurip
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What is the effect of resellers on the economy?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 06:05 PM PDT

I'm not refering to retailers per se, because I can understand the effect they play: grouping the products in a physical location.

These resellers end up raising the prices of a product that wouldn't cost that much otherwise. I'm not talking about speculating that a product will become valuable at a later date, I'm talking about products in established markets (proven to be stable, people have been buying it for years) being bought at a lower price and then resold for a small profit.

What would happen to an economy where these people didn't exist? Would prices keep going down if the demand was low? Because these people create a fake demand for the products.

Is there more I can read about this subject?

submitted by /u/pphp
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If you shoot a gun while on a space walk, would the bullet be able to escape the solar system?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:02 PM PDT

How has the widespread use of penicillin as an antibiotic affected the Penicillium fungi in the wild? Has the fungi become any more vulnerable to bacterial infection due to penicillin-resistant bacteria as a result of its use?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 10:08 PM PDT

Is it possible for two embryos with different fathers to fuse and create a human chimera?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 10:29 AM PDT

If superfetation occurred with each embryo having a different father, could the death and absorption of one result in the creation of a human chimera with two different fathers? Would the product even be viable?

submitted by /u/neptunesbane
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Do tidal forces from the Moon have any effect on the Earth's mantle?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 10:07 PM PDT

Relationship, even an equation between prevalence of atoms/molecules and stability?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 07:55 PM PDT

This may seem an elementary relationship, but is there an equation out there, like a conversion function that takes some index value that represents an atom or molecules prevalence in the universe and outputs the relative stability of that atom or molecule? And vice versa?

I couldn't find anything on google about it. Apparently there is a weak relationship between nuclear binding energy and the as you go up the periodic table from hydrogen. I don't think that's relevant, but it would make intuitive sense if the more stable an element or molecule (like H20 or Helium gas) are generally more prevalent in the universe than less stable ones...and if so, is there some sort of equation devised to easily calculate one to get the other? Is it in the Handbook of Chemistry or something like that?

submitted by /u/ilumrf1986
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Second mode waves in boundary layers and instability?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 06:42 PM PDT

Can anyone explain what second mode waves are in terms of fluid mechanics and what boundary layer instability means?

submitted by /u/nasawesome
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When drinking water, do Hydronium and Hydroxide ions serve different purposes when absorbed by the body?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 09:19 PM PDT

How do we know that the four legged whale that was just announced to be have been found in Peru should be classified as a Whale?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 08:22 PM PDT

I would assume it has some to do with similar bone structures and stuff but I was hoping to learn some specifics as to how we know this should be classified as an earlier version of whales and not some other creature. Is there a way to tell just based off of bone structure that it should be classified as a mammal? I would think that's an important early step. Thank you!

submitted by /u/jobletofscience
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Could someone help me with Constant speed of light and all that?

Posted: 05 Apr 2019 01:16 AM PDT

I don't get time dilation, lenght contraction and the constant speed of light, so I hope someone can help me out.

First off, instead of lenght contraction, time dilation and the constant speed of light, why can't I say that light slows down when I approach it and accelerate when i move away from it? To me it seems like I would get the same results ether way. I would measure the speed of light as c no matter how fast I'm moving or in which direction. What law am i violating?

So to a little tought experiment. I stand between two laserpistols. when I press a button a signal goes to both lasers and they fire when they recieve it. Will the two lasers reach me at the same time if I move towards either pistol? If not, then what is so special about light?

If the signal sent two footballs towards me, the ball I moved towards would be the first to reach me because:

  1. the speed of the ball I am moving away from (ball A) would decrease relative to me and vice versa for ball B.
  2. the distance ball A has to move to reach me increases, and vice versa for ball B.

So how does light solve this? (Given that light really do hit me at the same moment no matter my movement and given my "light speeds up and down according to my motion"-statement is wrong).

submitted by /u/Kingchachacha
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What is the depositional environment for a low permeability carbonate reservoir?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 09:20 PM PDT

I'm currently working on a design project that has a low permeability carbonate reservoir with a 21% porosity. So far I've been reading papers but not understanding what is happening with the geology. Any geologists have an explanation? For context, the reservoir I am studying is located in the Ratcliffe beds of the Oungre evaporite (Midale evaporite).

submitted by /u/andarott
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Why are depleted uranium penetrators "self sharpening"?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 10:46 AM PDT

I keep hearing that depleted uranium is "self sharpening" and the best explanation I've found is that DU burns away on the edges. While I don't doubt this is true, it still doesn't explain what exactly it is about DU that causes it to happen instead of having the nose rounded over.

(and yes I already know about post-pen effects so you don't need to explain that)

submitted by /u/TheDapperDugong
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Adding water to paint makes it flow better and lay more flat initially. Does adding water make the paint dry more quickly?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 09:03 PM PDT

Thursday, April 4, 2019

Do Tectonic plates ever change in size and or break apart?

Do Tectonic plates ever change in size and or break apart?


Do Tectonic plates ever change in size and or break apart?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:59 AM PDT

Are the plates different now compared to the time of Pangea?

submitted by /u/shuttersock
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Can stomach acid burn organs?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:58 AM PDT

Since stomach acid is strong enough to dissolve metal, what would happen if the acid from inside your stomach got out? Would it do the same to other organs?

submitted by /u/SarahTheBoop
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Can bacteria take over cells like viruses do?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:27 AM PDT

I've been taught that some viruses 'take over' cells, change what they do and use them to spread. Can bacteria do something similar? Of so, what is this process called? If not, why?

submitted by /u/oodanium
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So, if the particle-antiparticle pair production is the wrong way of looking at Hawking Radiation, what DOES really happen?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:30 AM PDT

How can you take a picture of a black hole?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 12:11 AM PDT

A picture of a black hole will be revealed next week. From my understanding, a black hole absorbs all light due to its gravitational field.

We can only see something when light is reflected off it. With these both assumptions in mind, how can a picture be taken of a black hole?

submitted by /u/Tooslowtoohappy
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On a molecular level, what is happening to molecules/atoms when a sticky substance is torn in half? For example: modeling clay. What creates the "tension" in these substances?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 06:33 PM PDT

Do animals have a sense of (Musical) rhythm?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 08:44 PM PDT

Well, that. I know that we (Humans) can feel rhythm (Though I don't specifically know why either), and we react to it. But do animals feel the same? Or they hate it because it interferes with their senses, like when you suddenly cover someone's eyes?

submitted by /u/Blasecube
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Benefits and, or disadvantages of hemocyanin oxygen transport rather than hemoglobin?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 07:40 PM PDT

Is one all around more efficient than the other, or only under certain situations is one more efficient? Does the difference in copper vs iron provide any sort of bacterial or viral resistance? Or possibly lower chance of infection due to open wounds?

submitted by /u/Golden_Pwny_Boy
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Chemical or physical change?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 01:29 AM PDT

I'm currently in chemistry in high school and my teacher stated that it's quite debated if diluting something in water is considered a chemical or a physical change because of how the particles are seperated from one another but the compounds themselves don't actually change. I'm mostly wondering if my teacher is out of the loop and if there's an actual answer to what it is

submitted by /u/Shortail1198
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Do organisims that use hemocyanin rather than hemoglobin have a slightly higher resistance to bacterial and or viral infections?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 08:19 PM PDT

I have read that (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) is used to help treat prostate and bladder cancers as it stimulates the immune system. But do the organisms that use it naturally benefit from this?

submitted by /u/Golden_Pwny_Boy
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What does re normalization means in simple terms with context of Quantum field theories ?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 04:40 AM PDT

Why are we able to re normalize QFT for Weak, Strong, and electromagnetic interactions, but not gravitational interactions?

submitted by /u/JimmyThrowaway1
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What are some interesting examples of humans influencing the evolution of a species?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 12:15 PM PDT

Most people who've taken a basic course in biology know about the speckled moths that turned black during the industrial revolution due to pollution. I want to know what other examples there are of humans influencing the evolution of other species. The more interesting or unexpected the better.

submitted by /u/regular_sized_ryan
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Is there a lower limit or smallest unit of time?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 12:09 AM PDT

I'm sorry if this is a stupid question. I have a high school education and never took any math higher than algebra, save some stuff I've taught myself for the purpose of audio synthesis because I read a lot.

So I've been reading about superfluid He4 and how what I will call "practical absolute zero" (i don't know the real term) is higher than 0 kelvin, and that this is due to a baseline ambient excitation that occurs as a sort of prerequisite for physical existence. I was also reading that states above that are quantized.

I also read the inevitable connection to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which has to do with precisely measuring velocity and position. The only way that makes sense to me would be that a particle's position is only accurate for an instant.

You can't measure velocity in an instant, that much is apparent because there needs to be a duration of movement factored in to measure, therefore it can probably only be approximated.

You can measure position, except for the fact that the particle is moving, so again, to measure where it is in this hypothetical "instant" would be difficult to do precisely.

A lot of this seemed to be revolving around this "point" in time that occurs instantaneously, which I am having trouble comprehending. So it got me wondering, is there a duration that is the absolute minimum that time can be broken down into? We measure time with a system of quantized integers, but is it possible that time itself is actually quantized? If that's the case, is space also quantized? Is everything operating on a grid of values that can be represented by a cardinal set of natural numbers? Is aleph 0 the only real infinity in physics?

I'm confused, I hope this question doesn't sound as dumb to you as it does to me.

submitted by /u/postwerk
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Why is it taking so long to fix the issues with Flint Michigan's drinking water?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 10:06 AM PDT

Millions of years ago when megafauna and megaflora dominanted the earth, were creatures with exoskeletons proportionally bigger? And did this also apply to small/microscopic life?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 05:56 PM PDT

Are space telescopes analogue or digital based?

Posted: 04 Apr 2019 03:30 AM PDT

I have this hunch that analogue contains more information due to the film medium, although I may be wrong, that's why I have come to your doors!

submitted by /u/ReggaeMonestor
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How do plants in early development orient themselves in zero gravity?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 02:04 PM PDT

I know in normal development that plants orient up from down through the vacoule moving to the bottom of the endosperm(via gravity) which provides polarity. My curiosity is in how do the plants grown on the ISS orient themselves in the lack of gravity?

submitted by /u/Senor_Cangrejos
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If a person is brain dead, can their body heal wounds or broken bones?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 04:15 PM PDT

If the gravitational force linearly decreases to zero as you approach a planet's center, does that mean the region of the highest pressure in a gas giant isn't necessarily the center?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 08:59 AM PDT

This might be stupid question, but it's something I've been thinking about. I can't wrap my head around how there is any pressure at the center of something if there's no gravitation force there.

submitted by /u/jandcando
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Why do some vaccines hurt more than others despite all being administered the same way?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 01:33 PM PDT

I got the influenza vaccine earlier this year and it didn't hurt at all, but I just got the second round of the HPV vaccine and my arm is extremely tender and sore. Why is there a difference between the two when they're both administered in the same way and in the same place?

submitted by /u/qwerty-yourself
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Other than the younger dryas impact hypothesis, what proof of other cataclysms such as a pole shift or a solar flare do we have that occured around the late pleistocene era?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 02:51 PM PDT

Why do we teach braille to blind people instead of stamped ”normal“ letters?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 08:22 AM PDT

In regards to sunscreen and its effectiveness over time. How is it "used up"?

Posted: 03 Apr 2019 02:02 PM PDT

They say that you need to reapply sunscreen every two hours but is that duration dependent on how much the sun's photons reacts with the sunscreen on your skin or is it simply that the sunscreen loses its effectiveness the longer it is on your skin?

submitted by /u/bachintheback
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