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Monday, March 25, 2019

What’s that lump in your throat you get when you’re about to cry?

What’s that lump in your throat you get when you’re about to cry?


What’s that lump in your throat you get when you’re about to cry?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 12:02 PM PDT

Is there an example of a mathematical problem that is easy to understand, easy to believe in it's truth, yet impossible to prove through our current mathematical axioms?

Posted: 25 Mar 2019 05:56 AM PDT

I'm looking for a math problem (any field / branch) that any high school student would be able to conceptualize and that, if told it was true, could see clearly that it is -- yet it has not been able to be proven by our current mathematical knowledge?

submitted by /u/Stuck_In_the_Matrix
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How do optometrists get prescription for babies?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 12:00 PM PDT

Just saw the cutest post on r/wholesomegifs of a baby getting glasses and being able to see clearly for the first time. I see these posts often but I always wonder how they get the eyeglass prescription right for babies?

Normally eye doctors ask you the "is 1 or 2 better" question 15 times but babies can't answer that answer that so how do optometrists get around that?

Is there a method they use that gets the correct prescription or is there a way to tell if the baby is near or far sighted and they just go from there?

submitted by /u/ScienceFreak7
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Why doesn't the west coast get any hurricanes or tropical storms?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 05:03 PM PDT

I've been living on the west coast for 18 years and had never had a problem with hurricane, but every fall the east coast always gets a storm.

submitted by /u/DarthTroop
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Just watched the Sixty Symbols video on LHC and that it has discovered one particle; Is there any major physics theories that it has categorically disproved?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 08:00 AM PDT

Why can other animals eat raw meat but humans can't?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 06:38 PM PDT

How do CPU instructions work at the hardware/electrical level?

Posted: 25 Mar 2019 07:44 AM PDT

Hi, /r/AskScience. Longtime reader, first time poster.

I actually have a degree (well, a minor) in CS, but lately I've been getting very interested in the actual physics/electrical engineering involved in computers, particularly the CPU. As all things in CS are conducted at various levels of abstraction, I guess I never really thought much beyond high-level code -> machine code -> CPU instruction set -> logic gates -> back to memory, but now I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around just how this all works, electrically speaking.

My question: how do the electrical signals that physically make up computer code/instructions actually come into being? In CS, we'd imagine executing our code and it would instantly appear in the memory stack, but that's leaving a lot of steps out, I feel. If anyone could help me better understand this phenomena at an electrical engineering level, I'd be very grateful.

I guess I'm ultimately getting thrown for a loop (no pun intended) by the fact that there are no moving parts inside the CPU or RAM; I'm not actually changing anything other than the position of some electrons by "coding," and I'm not all too clear on how this process actually physically takes place.

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/upper_crust
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If I were to magically appear several hundred km above the planet with no orbital velocity, do I experience “weightlessness” or not?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 11:25 PM PDT

I've seen multiple posts explaining that "weightlessness"'in space is a misconception, and that when we see astronauts in orbit, the apparent weightlessness comes from them being in freecall at 17,000 mph around the planet. Similar, there have been posts that say that the weightlessness that will be experienced by Blue Origin passengers is simply a side effect of being accelerated straight up and then the acceleration ceasing as the capsule enters a coast phase before accelerating back to earth. So my question is : if I was able to instantly appear 100km above the planet's surface with zero orbital velocity, would I experience normal 9.8 m/s/s towards earth and start falling? What if I appeared 200km high? 500km high? 1000km high? Did the Apollo astronauts heading to the moon in a coast phase (no acceleration) experience weightlessness or not?

submitted by /u/ShuffleStepTap
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How has Jupiter's storm lasted for so long?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 05:02 PM PDT

Why do black holes have such strong gravitational fields ?

Posted: 25 Mar 2019 12:29 AM PDT

They are formed from a collapsed star core right? I always thought gravitational fields depended on mass not density, why doesn't this work for black holes?

submitted by /u/rqwert2345
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If you were to wear a completely super hydrophobic body suit, and jump into a pool, would you repel all liquid and just go crashing down to the bottom?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 10:35 PM PDT

Always wondered this after watching videos of liquids bouncing off shoes and surfaces that were covered in those crazy waterproofing sprays.

submitted by /u/Anti_Axis
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Why haven’t we found any preserved dinosaur bodies in oxygen-depleted environments similar to bog bodies? (Or have we?)

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 10:14 AM PDT

If energy is never lost, how does the earth get rid of excess energy from the sun?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 08:42 PM PDT

Why hasn't the earth gotten so hot that life ceases to exist? What protects the earth from absorbing all energy it gets from the sun and holding on to it?

submitted by /u/coolgr3g
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A geologist was quoted by the BBC as saying "most of the major animal lineages were established in a singular event in the history of life, the Cambrian explosion". How true is this? Was the Cambrian explosion really an event? And did the lineages of all modern animals begin in the Cambrian?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 08:58 AM PDT

If a black hole sucks something in, Where does it go?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 03:12 PM PDT

How do lymphatics gain protein from blood?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 04:40 PM PDT

From what I understand proteins are too large to pass through the walls of capillaries. When tissue fluid enters the lymph vessel it does not contain protein. Where and how does it get into a lymph?

submitted by /u/Meikayah_
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How do stickers "really work?"

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 03:31 PM PDT

I'm wondering at a microscopic and molecular level. Do the glue molecules get locked in with whatever molecules make up the surface it comes into contact with, do they form bonds, share electrons, that sort of thing?

submitted by /u/clearwall
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If you have a hypothetical quad-copter that has a 24 hour battery life, is unaffected by the elements and had a clear path. Would it be possible for it to make a full rotation of the Earth while hovering in one place?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 09:39 PM PDT

How do societies/cultures 'lose knowledge'?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 04:03 PM PDT

The Greek and the Romans (and I'm sure other cultures too) seem to have had an amazing level of knowledge and wisdom in a wide variety of fields. They created things like the Baghdad Battery, the Antikythera Mechanism, special cements which helped create Aquaeducts that are still around millenia later. Also knowledge about astronomy, the human body and many other things I forgot about (pun bad, but intended). Many things took centuries to be re-discovered.

How does this happen and what else might we have collectively forgotten over time?

submitted by /u/st0pmakings3ns3
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What are the bumps on a humpback whale for?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 09:07 AM PDT

I've done a little research and have found out they are called turbicles. They are seemingly for hydrodynamic performance, however, It seems to me that they would be bad for streamlining .

submitted by /u/brit-ish-beef
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Is there a photoelectric effect that applies to quarks or other small particles? (instead of electrons)

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 08:54 AM PDT

In school we study the absorption of photons by electrons and leaving the atom but could other smaller particles absorb photons like neutrinos and quarks?

submitted by /u/Lucas_The_Man
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How is the change in magnetic field due to spatial variation different from from motional emf?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 12:34 PM PDT

Consider the case where a wire is moving in a magnetic field, the source of the magnetic field can either be the loop itself(rail) or an externally applied one (magnet).

If the conductor where to move, the induced emf would simply be the change in flux, which simplifies to ε = -vBL for motional emf where the charges experience a magnetic force on them.

However, if the loop was stationary. And the magnetic field source were to move causing two effects:

  • Change in magnetic field due to it's strength changing.

  • Change in magnetic field due to it's motion , spatial change.

If both effects were occurring this equation can represent it.

How is the second term, only exclusive to the change in magnetic field and not considered to be similar to motional emf?

submitted by /u/tinkenieer
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Sunday, March 24, 2019

How do you grow seedless grapes of you don’t get any seeds from them ?

How do you grow seedless grapes of you don’t get any seeds from them ?


How do you grow seedless grapes of you don’t get any seeds from them ?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 12:13 PM PDT

How do you grow seedless grapes of you don't get any seeds from seedless grapes? Where do the seeds come from ?

submitted by /u/Slithery_0
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Does dark energy actually exert a force? Is it actually energy?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 03:38 AM PDT

Been reading about this recently and I'm a little confused as to how it's supposed to work.

If every point is expanding from every other point, how can any quantifiable value of force be determined for it?

If it's actually antigravity -something like negative mass particles appearing with vacuum energy and annihilating or whatever- doesn't that break causality because negative mass allows stuff like building FTL drives?

Articles also say it's a force being exerted on the fabric of the universe itself, but is that quantifiable too?
Is there a type of energy you can exert that actually does that?

submitted by /u/saramiie
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What does blood type affect in the function of the human body other than determining which blood types can be received and donated to?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 11:55 AM PDT

How does your stomach know when to stop digesting food and move it into the small intestine?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 11:00 AM PDT

What is the smallest organism capable of learning?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 06:45 AM PDT

From my understanding most microbes interact with their environment but are not capable of pattern recognition or learning based on experience. They simply react as they were programmed to by their DNA.

Mice can be taught to run mazes. I want to know what is the smallest creature that has been shown to have intelligence or learning capabilities.

submitted by /u/Otterchaoss03
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When going gray, does hair grow as gray hair or does hair lose its color?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 05:21 AM PDT

What would happen if a positron and proton collide or electron and anti-proton? What happens if you introduce a neutron in the mix?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 06:21 AM PDT

Would it behave the same as an ion? or would they just repel each other no matter how much force you use to keep them together? Say you include a neutron would that allow the now 3 particles to form 1 exotic particle?

submitted by /u/johnminton
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Why is your voice changing during the puberty,how does changing function and around what age the voice is fully changed?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 05:58 AM PDT

Why is your voice changing during the puberty,how does changing function and around what age the voice is fully changed?

submitted by /u/ugandan_yobungus
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When our pupils dilate, what's the iris doing? Where does the colour "go"?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 08:38 AM PDT

Does the lethal dose scale linearly even for very fat people?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 04:37 AM PDT

Lethal dose is usually given as per body weight.

My question is, if I eat a lot now, get really fat and double my weight, is 'my' lethal dose now twice as high?

submitted by /u/GermanAaron
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How do physicists measure that photon has zero rest mass?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 09:00 AM PDT

Are there any female animals that can delay or suppress ovulation or sexual maturity in insuitable environments?

Posted: 24 Mar 2019 01:07 AM PDT

As the title says, I'm sure I heard/read/saw somewhere that some animals won't go into heat or ovulate or mature sexually if the external environments are unsuitable, such as no suitable breeding males, insufficient food or other issues. If so, is there a term for this suppressed ovulation or delayed sexual maturity?

submitted by /u/FarewellMyQueen
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Has anyone ever witnessed a star death ?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 12:07 PM PDT

I understand the time difference of how long it takes light to come to Earth from stars, galaxies, and other wonders of the night sky. Has there ever been a recorded time when someone just so happened to be looking in the right place at the right time and has seen that light stop ? In essence, watching a star die.

submitted by /u/rru96
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How does aluminium chloride stop sweat?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 07:12 AM PDT

I know it combines with the sweat but is it a reaction of sorts?

submitted by /u/cornwallm3
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Can dogs appreciate music?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 07:08 AM PDT

This is one that's been on my mind a lot lately. So I play piano and whenever I play, my dog wouldn't leave the room or anything, would just sit there and sometimes even comes in while I'm playing. I find it strange as if there is any erratic, unusual noise like a loud piano note she is fine but if I watch rugby and shout or any other loud noise she would leave the room. It would be the same if I'm listening to loud music. I'm just wondering if that's just something to do with her being able to tell the mood of the situation or if she has an appreciation for music or is neutral with it, super confused please help.

submitted by /u/ansomenes
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What physical limits exist on the sending and receiving of digital data? How quickly can discrete bits be pushed and received before they are no longer discrete?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 07:42 AM PDT

It seems like there is a high upper limit to how much data can be transmitted simply by adding channels and increasing bandwidth, but wouldn't the harder, lower limit be on how quickly pulses can be generated/received whilst remaining intelligible?

submitted by /u/RockleyBob
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What are some potential life hosting places in our solar system and how long will it most likely be until we are able to send something to those areas to look for life?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 08:03 PM PDT

This is probably common knowledge amongst earth science folk but how does water become salty? Is it a myth that all rivers / lakes / creeks eventually lead to the ocean?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 07:24 PM PDT

Does sugar/sugary sweets directly cause rotting/decay of our teeth?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 05:01 AM PDT

Or does it just feed the biofilms in our mouth that cause rotting?

submitted by /u/Hodgki
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What is that "thud" sound that lights make when they are turned on?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 05:18 AM PDT

I have seen it only in movies, Is it even real?

submitted by /u/ravypmr
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Is it possible to generate a neutrino beam using an electron beam?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 12:03 PM PDT

I know that using a proton beam is the standard, but would it be theoretically possible to somehow do it via electrons instead, using other interactions?

submitted by /u/mrkovaltski
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How much energy does an average post on social media take?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 09:42 PM PDT

This is more about the amount of energy the servers that belong to these companies (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, Instagram) take to store and retrieve a post. If there are estimates which include energy expenditure on clients' devices too, that would be nice. I realize that each of these platforms have different types of posts which would probably account for most of the difference in energy expenditure (an average YouTube video probably takes more energy than an average tweet). Nevertheless, I thought it'd be interesting to know how our content on social media is adding up to our carbon footprint. And should we be worried that some of this footprint is not insignificant, that we might probably be better off not posting?

I also realize the irony of making this post, but i guess curiosity got the better of me.

submitted by /u/bowdangatip
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Saturday, March 23, 2019

What actually is the dial up internet noise?

What actually is the dial up internet noise?


What actually is the dial up internet noise?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 06:05 PM PDT

What actually is the dial up internet noise that's instantly recognisable? There's a couple of noises that sound like key presses but there are a number of others that have no comparatives. What is it?

submitted by /u/windibgu
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How do animals react to an albino animal of the same species?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 12:47 PM PDT

Do animals react in a strange way when they see an albino animal of their own species, or do they react the same as they would to an animal of their species that wasn't albino?

submitted by /u/fire_alarm530
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Why would an overabundance of vitamins in the body be bad?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 09:36 PM PDT

How big would LaGrange Point L4 (or L5) be... Are we talking 100s of metres or miles?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 02:51 AM PDT

I've read that they are like a gravity bowl, catching dust and trojan asteroids. Just wondered how 'big' would this bowl be? Seems like an ideal place(s) to build a massive space station.

submitted by /u/BGDDisco
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Can a bigger black hole trap a smaller black hole in its gravity?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 10:13 PM PDT

Why is the carbon-fluorine bond the strongest?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 02:10 AM PDT

I would like to know why it has a high bond enthalpy, even though it is the most electronegative (which should mean it could polarize and leave the carbon easier). If electronegativity isn't the only factor, what else is? Thanks a lot.

submitted by /u/allsmighty
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How long does it take to grow a lab created sapphire?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 02:10 AM PDT

What is the process like to grow gems in a lab? Is the process longer or shorter as compared to naturally growing them?

submitted by /u/mentimutations
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What is the mechanism behind gas knowing there's a vacuum behind a solid wall?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 01:03 AM PDT

Take a vacuum insulated bottle for example. If its not made from strong enough materials it will implode. How does the air know to push against the wall? Does pulling the vacuum and the resulting air pushing down store potential energy and if it does, could we implement this effect in energy storage?

submitted by /u/Critwhoris
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In string theory, spacetime is emergent. Are strings and branes fundamental?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 07:49 PM PDT

In string theory, strings and branes are fundamental and not made of anything more fundamental (or so I thought) but string theorists like Susskind and Greene say spacetime is not fundamental but emergent from something else. Does this mean strings and branes are no longer considered fundamental but excited states of some underlying field? Thanks.

submitted by /u/DramaticRadish
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A reverse hydrolysis (if possible) would release energy?

Posted: 23 Mar 2019 01:44 AM PDT

When you do a hydrolysis, atoms take electrons so they don't need to be attached. If you could do a reverse hydrolysis, it would release energy?

submitted by /u/mrsa_cat
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Why doesn't an electron just fall down onto the nucleus?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 02:20 PM PDT

I'm a sociologist by education but I've been feeling ashamed of not being as in the know about natural sciences lately so I'm basically re-educating myself through the entire school curriculum in my free time. This time I am having trouble understanding how atom works. I googled a lot of smart stuff but it was apparently too smart for me and now my brain is full of conflicting things.

So, I learned that the planetary model of the atom that we're taught in school is a gross oversimplification and is wrong. Atoms are not small negatively charged spheres flying in circles around a bunch of positively charged spheres. They're more like a spherical cloud of positively charged probabilities surrounded by a shell-shaped cloud of negatively charged probabilities. But they still have charge, and are still attracted towards each other, no? Why would their shape change anything, won't the clouds still get squished towards each other?

All I've read about it online has too many formulas for my feeble social sciences brain and more or less boils down to uncertainty principle. As in, the closer an electron is to the nucleus, the more defined its position becomes, therefore its momentum becomes less defined. In other words, the more we know about its location, the faster it becomes. But how getting faster would change anything? Won't that mean that you're just going down faster?

Another thing I've found on the topic is that a sum of an electron and a proton is less in mass than a neutron. Is that's why? The nature just doesn't have any ways for an electron and a proton to interact other than turning into a neutron so unless extra energy is supplied from the outside, the electron just politely waits by the nucleus? And anyway, I remember reading that particles like to occupy the lowest possible energy state and somehow, for an electron it's in the middle between being too far from a nucleus and too close to a nucleus. But that sounds fishy to me, won't it actually be less energetic for negative and positive charges to just cancel out and be done away with the energy completely?

The way I see it, there must be some force balancing out the electromagnetic one pulling the differently charged particles together. It can't be strong nuclear force since it doesn't affect electrons. Is it the degeneracy pressure thingamabob caused by Pauli exclusion principle? Since two fermions can't occupy the same place, when the fuzzy edges of probability clouds that are particles start touching they're repelled and that's what balances the electromagnetic attraction?

Please help, I just don't understand why don't we all and all known Universe just doesn't collapse onto itself.

submitted by /u/MajesticS7777
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Can bacteria feel pain?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 12:02 PM PDT

Why don't we digest tapeworms?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 05:43 AM PDT

Our bodies are pretty good at digesting lots of things. How do people get a tapeworm without it being dissolved and used for food?

submitted by /u/Onkel_Wackelflugel
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What would happen if you drank demineralized water?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 09:05 PM PDT

would you not get your vitamins or maybe even death?

submitted by /u/YwN_FreightTrain
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Are there any birds that engage in surplus killing?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 12:09 PM PDT

Surplus killing, as in the behavior in which animals kill things they don't immediately intend to eat, is most common in mammals to my understanding. Are there any birds that do it? I would also appreciate knowing any birds known for just killing lots of things, even if not technically surface killing in some way. Thank you!

submitted by /u/rmch99
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If we send a submersible probe to Europa, how will it communicate with us?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 07:22 AM PDT

What kind of problem does the 10km+ thick ice sheet pose in sending information back to earth? What are some of the possible solutions to this problem?

submitted by /u/eberkain
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How is sublimation (The change in a state of matter from solid to gas) possible?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 11:31 AM PDT

From my understanding, the state of a type of matter depends on how the atoms around each other move. atoms in a solid do not move, atoms in a liquid slide around one another, and atoms in a gas move about freely. So how can an atom sublimate from a certain matter moving straight from solid to gas? Wouldn't it at some point have to become a liquid first? Even if for the tiniest fraction of a second?

submitted by /u/McPresh
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How are satellite images captured and edited?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 10:31 AM PDT

How are satellite images captured and edited? What different censors are there and what is done to the raw data? Most of the images look like they're color corrected and originally false color, for example - is that correct?

I'm especially interested in the question if there are any satellites equipped conventional modern high-res censors, as opposed to spectral imaging or other purely scientific methods, as I couldn't find any beyond what's been taken in LEO from the ISS. I understand this wouldn't make much sense from a research standpoint, but surely there must be some interest in seeing the earth as it would appear to a human observer.

submitted by /u/giraffenmensch
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Is the amplitude of a light wave equivalent to the number of photons being given off and the frequency of a light wave equivalent to the kinetic energy of each photon?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 04:25 PM PDT

I've been watching some material on quantum physics and I've been trying to build a conceptual model of light in my head that fits both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. From what I've gathered the amplitude would be the number of photons being given off and the frequency would be the amount of energy per photon? There really isn't any material that explains this concisely. Would this model be correct?

submitted by /u/msarn5150
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What causes an animal to be "albino" and why is it always super rare?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 04:05 PM PDT