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Friday, March 22, 2019

Can you kill bacteria just by pressing fingers against each other? How does daily life's mechanical forces interact with microorganisms?

Can you kill bacteria just by pressing fingers against each other? How does daily life's mechanical forces interact with microorganisms?


Can you kill bacteria just by pressing fingers against each other? How does daily life's mechanical forces interact with microorganisms?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 12:33 AM PDT

[Chemistry] When you burn a pan, boiling water with vinegar in it makes it a lot easier to clean up. Why does that happen?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 04:20 AM PDT

Would the Higgs Field reaching true vacuum state be catastrophic for us no matter when/where it occurred, or are there distances at which it could happen and its effects never reach us, due to propagating too slowly to overcome the rate of universal expansion?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 01:21 AM PDT

I just watched the Kurzgesagt video about the Higgs Field and true vacuum state, and it made me think of a question. I am a writer and linguist, not even remotely close to any kind of a physicist, so please bear with my rudimentary understanding of the concepts.

What I want to know is this: if the Higgs Field reached true vacuum state in some vastly distant region of spacetime from our own -- say 30,000 years ago beyond the edge of our galactic supercluster or the edge of our known universe, could it possibly propagate fast enough to cause us or our descendants trouble?

If it occurred outside the limits of our known universe, could it even reach us before the heat death of the universe? If so, what would the timeframes look like? If not, would it just be an isolated hole (in our familiar version of the laws of physics) forever?

submitted by /u/manicdouchebag
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If I pop a balloon, does the pressure of the gas at the very center of the balloon drop instantaneously or does it take a short amount of time for the pressure decrease to propagate inwards through the air?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 07:39 AM PDT

The “Dark Side of the Moon” stuff is B.S., right?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 06:08 AM PDT

You always hear that old myth, "we know more about the dark side of the moon than our own oceans."

But I remember learning that the moon doesn't just move around the earth, but it also rotates on its own axis? So no part of the moon is 100% dark 100% of the time?

Or did my 5th grade gym coach/ makeshift science teacher have it all wrong?

submitted by /u/noislume
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Does driving towards a radio transmitter make the song play faster?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 09:40 PM PDT

Why is the moon so hammered with comets/meteors/etc but the earth doesn't appear to be nearly as much?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 04:46 AM PDT

I recently viewed the 8K photo of the moon posted here and thought "wow that thing has been hit so many times. It's so close to Earth too. Why haven't we been slammed to that degree?"

submitted by /u/ITdoug
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Is it possible to navigate without GPS and satellites using the earth's geomagnetic field instead (like birds do)?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 07:32 AM PDT

I was reading about birds sense of Biomagnetism and was wondering myself if there was a way to use earth's magnetic field to navigate and determine latitude or even longitude. Now, I've heard about Compasses, but it's a little dated technology. Are there sensors around that can measure the geomagnetic field more accurately, making something like a satellite independent navigation system possible?

submitted by /u/cycleburger
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If an object that creates light is travelling through space at light speed what happens to the light traveling in the same direction?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 07:16 AM PDT

Does the speed of said object allow for a sort of faster than light "light" (redundant I know) for the light travelling in the same direction or would the energy/light just accumulate on the surface of the object in that direction assuming the speed of light is constant. If the later is the case and that object suddenly stopped how would the release of that energy effect something in front of it?

submitted by /u/IDrinkFireWater
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If a person is unconscious from a trauma for several days, is there a way to forcefully wake them up?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 11:41 PM PDT

What liquid has the least surface tension?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 08:54 PM PDT

We know that water has the highest surface tension because of it's hydrogen bonds. But what has the least, either in theory or in reality?

Google has failed me.

submitted by /u/BlueComms
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What causes people to still feel like they are on a boat/hammock/rocking chair/etc. hours after they are off it?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 11:23 PM PDT

I get the basics of vertigo and BPPV, but what specifically causes people to still have "sea legs" when they lay down at night after a day on the water or a day in the hammock or any kind of repeated gentle oscillation movement generator?

submitted by /u/Akersm93
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As you go down the periodic table, why is the atomic weight no longer exactly twice the atomic number for heavier elements?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 07:39 PM PDT

Relations between gluons, Quarks and Anti-quarks?

Posted: 22 Mar 2019 06:35 AM PDT

I have heard that gluons, which are made up of a colour and an anti-colour, can, at any point, turn into a quark and an anti-quark and vice-versa. But, the mass of a gluon is zero, whereas the mass of an UP quark is 2.4MeV/c² and that of an anti UP quark is also 2.4MeV/c² (not -ve as that would be exotic matter). So, how does this make sense in terms of the law of conservation of energy/mass?

submitted by /u/Deciperer
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What is the big deal with the determinant in linear algebra?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 10:16 PM PDT

Im taking differential equations and linear algebra for mechanical engineers in university. Im learning this math but Im not quite sure why the determinant is such a big deal? Surely Ill learn but Im curious.

submitted by /u/Euleroid
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Is there any other animals that cooks its food?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 06:04 PM PDT

Is sound affected by gravity?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 06:46 PM PDT

If it is, is it ever or could it be important to some equation?

submitted by /u/Skeptical666
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Why do things have smell?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 10:39 PM PDT

Do metal pipes, say copper, which have pressure fluctuations over long periods of time, eventually work harden and become more brittle?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 08:44 PM PDT

I was just thinking how pipes have pressure changes all the time and if would make a difference on reusability without reheating and annealing if you wanted to bend old pipes. Or for say power lines, which take wind strain, could they get brittle over time and break? There are some beautiful old copper power lines in Toronto where you can see the green of the copper oxide on them if you look closely, the tar and woven casing long rotted away. I wonder how long they may last. Longer than the wooden posts?

submitted by /u/superdupersimon
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Does net positive suction head work for solids that act like a liquid (i.e. sand)?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 09:40 PM PDT

What is the neural correlate of attention?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 09:31 PM PDT

Meditation seems to be all about introspecting conscious experience and a lot of meditation exercises focus on directing attention. Consciousness is a nebulous concept and attention seems like it's more clinical.

Have we made any discoveries about how attention manifests in the brain? Can we see a difference when we direct our attention to different things? Do we know how changes in attention are mediated?

submitted by /u/courtenayplacedrinks
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Thursday, March 21, 2019

Is there a reason that the majority of Earth's landmass is in the northern hemisphere?

Is there a reason that the majority of Earth's landmass is in the northern hemisphere?


Is there a reason that the majority of Earth's landmass is in the northern hemisphere?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 03:44 PM PDT

What activates seeds to grow? Like, why can I leave a seed sitting on a table for years and it won't do anything but when I put it in dirt and water it, it starts to grow. How does it know, and was it doing?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 04:45 PM PDT

Is there are maximum of brightness that light can reach?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 05:59 AM PDT

I just read that brightness is defined by the amplitude of a lightwave and I just wondered if there is a maximum to that or what the highest brightness is humans achieved to create.

submitted by /u/Deeplorer
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If darker skin colors absorb more heat energy and have a higher resistance to cancer then why did humans who live in snowy/colder climates develop fare skin?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 06:30 AM PDT

Does a brain physically change when it gets memories? Does a dead brain still possess the memories it had when it was alive?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 07:32 PM PDT

How does mold on a bathroom counter get its food source?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 08:53 PM PDT

One time I was at a public bathroom and noticed some mold growing under neath the tub that made up the sink, and it got me thinking. The mold probably isn't using the porcelain counter top as a source of food, but there's no obvious sign of organic material or glucose anywhere. And it is growing from a place where sunlight could not reach it.

How does it grow and sustain itself?

submitted by /u/woopertime
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In xray diffraction, why is it possible to use a fourier transform on a 2D image to get the 3D lattice information?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 05:02 AM PDT

The key (and annoying) word here is "why". I have an idea, but I would like to hear your thoughts. Taken from a recent exam.

submitted by /u/porkchop-sandwiches
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Why do people's faces turn red when they're embarrassed?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 06:32 AM PDT

Exactly as the title says. The body's natural reaction to embarrassment is to flush with blood and turn red. What mechanism or survival instinct causes this and why?

submitted by /u/TheStevest
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Korea has been divided for almost 75 years, how much have the people and language diverged and is this divergence the direct result of isolationism or natural drifting of two countries cultures?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 12:08 PM PDT

How do high rise buildings filter outdoor air for circulation?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 06:19 AM PDT

Not sure if this is the right sub for this question so feel free to delete.

I know for houses and apartments we use a small air filter, but how do large high rise buildings do it? Do they have large air filters that are the size of cars?

submitted by /u/jangooni
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How does the length of the primary solenoid inside the secondary solenoid affect the induced current?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 07:17 AM PDT

We were doing some experiments with electromagnetic induction as we stumble upon this experiment,

The experiment went like this; each trial we take, we offset the primary solenoid by 10 mm, then we turned the power supply on and off for every trial, and measured the maximum current.

The data we gathered was quite inconsistent and we can't really determine a general behavior of the current from it. It would be a huge help to understand how it really the length of the primary coil inside would affect the current. Thanks!

submitted by /u/sirgaell
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Why is that the English question words “who,” “what,” “where,” “when,” and “why,” all begin with the letters “wh”? Is this a coincidence? Does it have anything to do with the questionesque nature of the word?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 08:53 PM PDT

How does a virus, such as chickenpox or HSV, physically damage the skin to cause blisters?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 04:27 PM PDT

What process occurs for a virus to cause wounds similar to small burns?

submitted by /u/VitriolicDiatribe
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I saw a double rainbow this afternoon next to each other one being more vibrant having red on its outer arch and violet as the inner. The other rainbow that was less distinct had the the colors in opposite order having violet on the outer circle. How did this happen?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 08:41 PM PDT

How is it possible to measure the diameter of distant stars?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 05:08 PM PDT

How do clinical risk estimators mathematically calculate the likelihood of an event?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 10:59 PM PDT

There are a few tools that can be used in a clinical setting to asses if patients are at risk for certain events. One example of this is the ASCVD risk estimator, which will spit out an percentage prediction for how likely you will experience an adverse cardiac event.

I understand super basic epidemiology concepts that assess relative risk (x times more likely in this group), but this calculator seems to take in a lot of variables and spit out an exact percentage estimate rather than a relative one.

I've read through the resources this tool provides , from which I garnered which databases and studies the tool was derived from, but my question still remains, statistically, how do we create algorithms that can output risk estimation?

edit hyperlinks

submitted by /u/johoji
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Frequency dependent gain of a parabolic antenna/reflector, why?

Posted: 21 Mar 2019 05:41 AM PDT

I looked into parabolic reflectors and i am confused on why the gain changes with the wavelength. I checked "normal" antennas and apparently near field effects cause the effective arparture of an antenna to change with frequency. Which seems plausible.

But as far as i understand it a reflector should just reflect the waves that hit it (it's area) onto a feed antenna in the focus point of the reflector. Doesn't that mean the gain should only depend on the area of the reflector and not change with the wavelength?

My thinking is that the effective arparture of the feed antenna shouldn't matter if i focus the incoming wave directly onto the antenna using a reflector. Usually reflectors are explained using rays, my first guess is that that's the oversimplification that loses the frequency dependence? Or is the frequency dependence cause by the feed antenna?

submitted by /u/32BitLongSucks
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Why is earth warming faster at the poles compared to other latitudes from climate change?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 07:34 PM PDT

Over the course of a year, how many calories have I used just growing hair?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 07:26 PM PDT

That's just the calories my body used growing it, not the ones I used making all that hair presentable.

submitted by /u/anotherkeebler
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Why have no giant asteroids hit the earth in recent history?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 07:15 PM PDT

What is the relationship between Quantum Field Theory and The Standard Model, are the two compatible?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 04:14 PM PDT

If we can see cells with a microscope, why can't we just keep adding lenses/magnification to see atoms fairly clear (with electrons etc.) ?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 09:36 PM PDT

If there is no oxygen in space, how do stars continue to burn without the basics for fire? Fuel, Oxygen, and Heat.

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 06:35 PM PDT

Where does vaginal flora in female come from?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 03:23 PM PDT

I understand that our gut flora comes from what we ate and skin flora comes from the environment and all that. But where does the vaginal flora come from? If the lactobacillus need an acidic environment to live in, how do people 'caught' it? Why do most female have mainly lactobacillus in the vaginal while the other parts of our body is so diverse in regards with microbiota? And will anyone not have 'caught' lactobacillus but have other healthy bacteria residing in their vagina?

submitted by /u/ptly101
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Wednesday, March 20, 2019

Since batteries are essentially reduction-oxidation reactions, why do most batteries say not to charge them since this is just reversing the reaction? What is preventing you from charging them anyway?

Since batteries are essentially reduction-oxidation reactions, why do most batteries say not to charge them since this is just reversing the reaction? What is preventing you from charging them anyway?


Since batteries are essentially reduction-oxidation reactions, why do most batteries say not to charge them since this is just reversing the reaction? What is preventing you from charging them anyway?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 10:25 PM PDT

What would happen if you smoked a cigarette on the ISS?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 10:26 PM PDT

I just accidentally watched Event Horizon (1999) instead of the reputable science fiction movie Interstellar (2014) that I meant to. Half of the space crew in this movie are smoking. What would really happen if someone was to smoke a cigarette on the ISS? What if people chain smoked on the ISS as they do in Event Horizon (1999)?

Would these chemicals ever dissipate enough to avoid detection? or would they forever be detectable within the air supply and monitoring systems?

submitted by /u/RobBoblobula
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If you receive an organ transplant from a child, does the organ continue to grow until the organ would reach the child’s adult age?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 09:07 PM PDT

If you were to spectate a person falling into a black hole, what would you see once they’ve passed the event horizon?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 09:55 PM PDT

Why do we itch?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 04:48 PM PDT

What's happening in our bodies when we get that really deep itch that we can't get? Is it a misfiring nerve? (I'm not asking about the itch you can get rid of by scratching - I mean when you scratch and scratch and there's no relief)

submitted by /u/RachelSays-
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How much of the deadliest toxin known to man, botulinum toxin, is present in Botox and how is it distributed uniformly in Botox in such small quantities?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 10:37 PM PDT

Botulinum toxin has an LD50 of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg. Billionths of a gram are deadly. A fraction of the lethal dose is used in Botox; how can such a small amount of proteins be measured and distributed uniformly? Their exact process is proprietary so i'm not expecting a definitive answer, but I would like to know more about how such a small quantity can be reliably measured and handled, and how much of the potent toxin is likely present in Botox.

submitted by /u/So_What_If_I_Litter
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 08:13 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How does the number of passengers of a bus/train affect its speed?

Posted: 20 Mar 2019 04:21 AM PDT

Let's say the maximum speed of a empty bus is 100 km/h. Can it reach this speed when full of people? This sounds like a silly question but I need to know the answer

submitted by /u/lordzn
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If the neutron cannot be deflected by magnetic fields, how did scientists theorize its existence and how was it discovered?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 09:14 PM PDT

Do we all have the same amount of blood?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 09:38 PM PDT

Do people generally have the same amount of blood, or does it vary from person to person? For example, does a 400 lb man have more bold than a 130 lb man?

Can certain people lose more blood than others before passing out?

Are there people who can produce new blood faster than others?

At what age does our heart/circulatory system stop growing and produces a consistent amount of blood?

submitted by /u/FriscoBorn
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How does spicy food works in our mouth?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 11:02 PM PDT

We all have experienced the hotness of chilli peppers and the ramen things. It is really hot and sometimes i realized that when we eat something really spicy, our mouth secrete a lot of saliva. Is it the saliva trying to cool down the temperature inside our mouth??and if that so, that means spicy food really "hot" right? In term of temperature? . Isn't it?

submitted by /u/Eddy_Danish
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When a plant triggers a distress signal, what does it accomplish?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 09:24 PM PDT

This comes up because I found out that the fresh cut grass smell is a distress signal.

submitted by /u/professional_novice
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Is it possible to know a molecule's properties based on nothing but its chemical makeup?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 08:51 PM PDT

Can a chemist look at the chemical makeup of a molecule and know, for instance, what state of matter it will be at room temperature, what other elements it will react with, what its half life will be, what color it is, or anything like that? Or does a molecule have to be synthesized to figure that stuff out?

submitted by /u/graaahh
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Why does angular velocity and angular momentum follow the 'right hand rule' for direction?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 08:51 PM PDT

I've scoured youtube and did a cursory search here and on EI5 but i can't find a good explanation. Every youtube video i look up just says "yeah use the right hand rule to find direction!" (of L and w) without ever explaining WHY we use it. WHY does the direction of angular momentum, for example of a "spinning ice skater" (classic example) who is spinning clockwise when viewed from above, point DOWN? Nothing is actually going down! (is it?!)

I watched one video and some guy said it's just a convention we decided on. But then i watched professor Lewin's demonstrations and it can't just be a convention because the objects actually follow these rules in the real world. Did we just decide to use this convention so it matches observation?

Can anyone explain why ang. momentum and ang. velocity vectors have these odd directions?

submitted by /u/sonofpicard
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Why are there no non-composite images of the Earth?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 07:45 PM PDT

My flat earther father would like to know this. Thanks.

submitted by /u/FatalTalon
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Have there been any large scale physics experiments (e.g. LIGO, LHC) that ended up a failure due to an inaccurate predictive model?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 07:57 PM PDT

A lot of time, development, and money go into devices aimed at bettering our understanding of the universe. I frequently hear of the findings enabled by various particle accelerators or other particle detectors.

But has there ever been a large-scale investment made in a system whose very underlying theory proved faulty? I suppose this could apply to space probes and science satellites as well.

submitted by /u/Phormicidae
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How does helium actually increase the pitch of your voice?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 11:51 AM PDT

If the planets (including the sun) orbited around the earth, what differences would it make?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 02:03 PM PDT

I remember learning in history that at some point people believed that the planets orbited the earth rather then the sun, later on in my science class we were talking about something similar when I asked my science teacher a question, "What differences would be seen in a hypothetical system where the planets orbited around the earth rather then the sun?" I didn't get an answer. I have had this question bounce around my head for a while now and recently discovered this subreddit. So here I am, doing the thing, in hopes of getting an answer.

submitted by /u/GLasStringed
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Why does baryonic matter curve SpaceTime?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 12:48 PM PDT

Why does common matter/energy curve SpaceTime? I've seen in countless shows the heavy ball in the middle of a rubber sheet. But that doesn't explain why matter and energy actually curve SpaceTime. Can someone explain this in layman's terms?

submitted by /u/Mrglock426
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What are spider webs made of? How much can a spider web, and how does it regenerate it?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 12:35 PM PDT

Why is Saturn full of Helium 3 but very rare on Earth? And what makes it such a great source of energy?

Posted: 19 Mar 2019 05:30 AM PDT