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Sunday, March 10, 2019

Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?

Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?


Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:44 PM PST

Where (on Earth) is it believed that Theia collided with us according to the giant impact hypothesis?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:44 PM PST

We are on the way to growing human organs, is making human blood feasible in a lab?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:04 PM PST

If we could make blood in a lab, it wouldn't be potentially a carrier of disease from it's donor. Also, it would reduce the need for donors if we could just create it. If we are so close to creating organs that could be used for transplants, could we somehow also make different types of blood?

submitted by /u/i_am_mitz
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Why does the potential of a charged conductor decrease when a neutral conductor is brought near it?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 04:51 AM PDT

Would an object moving faster than light speed have any color?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 05:30 PM PST

Where and how can boron be obtained other than by refining on Earth?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:08 AM PDT

I'm working on a fairly hard science fiction story in which proton-boron fusion is the main source of power. I've been looking all over the 'net for extraplanetary sources of boron, but I haven't found anything useful.

Is there boron that could be mined from asteroids? Could it be manufactured in particle accelerators? Are there other viable sources?

submitted by /u/stygianelectro
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Why is the binding energy of deuterium different to the energy released when it forms in the PP1 chain?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:11 AM PDT

In the PP1 Chain when 2 protons fuse to make deuterium the energy released is 0.4 MeV. The binding energy of deuterium however is 2.2 Mev. Why do these two values differ? I thought the energy released was the same as the mass defect and hence the binding energy?

What am i missing?

submitted by /u/tip-top-honky-konk
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How can acyl chlorides be so reactive and have a strong C=O bond?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:03 AM PDT

I'm really confused by the fact that in IR-spectroscopy acyl-chlorides have high wavenumbers for their C=O vibration, which means they have a strong C=O bond. Then why are they so reactive compared to other carbonyl derivates? Is the effect on the C=O bond overshadowed by the fact that f.e. chloride is a good leaving group? Are there any other reasons?

submitted by /u/Jelly_26
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Why do so many species have a rare chance of producing an albino “version”?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:33 PM PST

What I meant was why is it so common that so many different species are able to produce a rare albino version. Like do they all share a specific gene that changes?

submitted by /u/Jaza-124
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If a woman with PCOS has trouble getting pregnant, and, after a couple of years of trying, attempts IVF and it’s successful (i.e., it results in a successful pregnancy and birth), are her chances of conceiving in the future better now that her body has been through a successful pregnancy?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:24 AM PDT

What stops all animals continuing to grow larger once they reach adulthood?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:31 AM PDT

Plants and trees grow until their nutrient source is removed- so why doesn't this happen to humans and other animals?

submitted by /u/HUSHNOW96
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Outside current technology, is there a maximum physically possible download speed? If so, what is it?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 09:41 PM PST

Sort of like the speed of light. No matter how good our propulsion technology gets, we will never get anything to travel faster than light. Even all those dubious "realistic" possibilities like space-warping or wormholes are just workarounds, the actual object never traverses space faster than light.

Similarly, is there a maximum amount of information you can transmit per second, regardless of how good our computing technology gets?

submitted by /u/UnderPressureVS
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Does the effect of yelling and chanting change the biology of our vocal chord?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 03:23 AM PDT

How/Why do we 'get used' to smells after a while?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 06:59 AM PDT

On allergy medication packaging it says to store it between 15-20 degrees Celsius. What happens to it if it's stored below those temperatures? Above this temperatures?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:32 AM PDT

I am wondering if it's still safe to consume. Long story short, I left my reactine in the car for a week when the weather outside was -15 c.

submitted by /u/soaringostrich
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Will vacuum decay happen? Is there strong evidence supporting its existence?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 09:31 PM PST

Is there anyway for the possibility of vacuum decay happening to be disproven? Going through a really bad existential crisis and need answers plz lol

submitted by /u/yelirae
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Is there a radiation risk standing next to an unexploded nuclear weapon?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 08:52 PM PST

How much radiation could someone detect next to an unexploded nuclear weapon?

also what type of radiation is it?

submitted by /u/chooseausername69251
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If a woman being 4 months prégnant with twins have one of them dead. Does the corpse of that twin keep growing? Is it possible to have the corpse out before term. Or if the corpse is there, does it affect the other fetus? Does it rotten?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 08:42 AM PST

How does the body know when to make blood and how does this blood get made?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 03:12 PM PST

Lets say you donate blood, you loose a substantial amount of blood. How does your body know to start making more blood and where does this blood come from? Also, how does the body know when it has enough blood?

submitted by /u/Cozybeard12
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How do astronomers know so much about distant exo planets such as their atmospheric composition?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 12:41 PM PST

Why is glass not crystalline?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 07:45 AM PST

My understanding of glass was that it was that its a noncrystaline solid. Which right off the bat is confusing because theres something called "crystal glass".

But in addition, I was looking at [wikipedia](&) about glass ceramics, which have both crystal and crystal aspects. In particular:

Glass-ceramics are mostly produced in two steps: First, a glass is formed by a glass-manufacturing process. The glass is cooled down and is then reheated in a second step. In this heat treatment the glass partly crystallizes. In most cases nucleation agents are added to the base composition of the glass-ceramic. These nucleation agents aid and control the crystallization process. Because there is usually no pressing and sintering, glass-ceramics have, unlike sintered ceramics, no pores.

So it sounds like if you melt down a bunch of stuff and mix it together, it will cool down and become glass. But then they heat it up again and cool it down again, and it becomes crystal. I dont get how that works. They mention "nucleation agents", but also say "in most cases", implying its not always required.

What exactly is a glass and what causes it to be that way?

submitted by /u/Bananawamajama
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How likely is it for the Western Interior Sea to resurface?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 04:03 PM PST

With the climate trending towards warming temperatures and the ice caps melting, what is the likely hood of the Western Interior Sea to refill the parts of the North American Continent it used to cover and what environmental consequences would that result in? Also if the Interior Sea were to refill for a lack of a better term, how long would that take assuming current trends continue?

submitted by /u/L3yline
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Saturday, March 9, 2019

Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?

Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?


Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 03:49 PM PST

If it's built in, do humans have anything comparable?

submitted by /u/Phosamedo
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Does every man produce close to 50/50 X/Y sperm, or do some have a heavy bias?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 01:17 AM PST

Why are Basalt Columns Hexagonal?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 02:36 AM PST

I've learnt that they are made by cooling lava, but just assumed it was hexagonal due to a crystal structure of some kind. However, this article seems to say that they are formed hexagonal because that's the way lava cools. Could anyone explain why?

submitted by /u/kiwisflight
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Why is metal conductive but rubber isn't? What make something conductive

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 11:15 PM PST

Why is there a negative deviation of the Q wave in a QRS complex on lead 2 of an ECG?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 01:33 AM PST

Was taught that the Q wave has a slight dip downwards as the electrical impulse travels through the septum of the heart. Idk how it's negative then since it's travelling towards the positive electrode.

submitted by /u/imbastion
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How is light and magnetism different in respect to different techniques to detect them?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 08:01 PM PST

I have a few questions and they seem to be all over the place from Physics to Biology. So some animals can detect magnetic fields, but light is an oscillating magnetic field, right? So does light interfere with magneto-reception, and vice versa? If no, why not? Why aren't my eyes affected by strong magnetic fields?

submitted by /u/AdorabeHummingbirb
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How does our brain store information?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:54 PM PST

I guess this may be a little unclear. I have been looking at the process of encoding memories. Each node (memory) is reached through an association (connection) to another node. Remember things involves traveling through connected nodes until finding an idea. The strength of each association is related to how frequently and how deeply the connection is made.

Right, so this is cool. I understand how memories "work," but how do we store the information as a node? In what form is it stored?

Similar to a computer, which stores information in bits, which can be compiled and be usable. How do we store and compile the information?

submitted by /u/CosmicJew
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How long does it take for the energy in the food we eat to be digested and turned into ATP in cells? As an aside, how long does it take for ATP storages to replenish after depleting them - i.e. during powerlifting exercises, for example.

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 04:03 PM PST

Do fishes of the deep have a circadian rythm?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 07:43 PM PST

Do creatures like angler fish and the like (question not specific to angler) which live deeper than light penetrates have a 24 cycle etc. If so, what governs it, obviously not sunlight. Also, are they in sync with each other? If not, are there 'time zones' etc

Thanks

submitted by /u/seeasea
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Do countries (Japan, China) where a large part of the population wear face/dust masks have statistically lower occurrences of airborne illness/infections compared to countries (US) that don't wear masks?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 04:25 PM PST

Why does this patch of Arizona have such a clear demarcation in color?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 11:16 AM PST

I was flying over Arizona this week, and spotted this from the airplane window. The ground has a distinct change in color in a very straight line. What causes this? We thought possibly a fence or something affecting the flow of dirt, but it goes on for miles and over a large canyon. If you look closely you can also see the wind patterns on the ground continue over the color change line. (It is NOT the airplane window or photoshop.) We found it on Google maps and it's the Ha Ho No Geh Canyon area.
Photo Here: https://imgur.com/aKZDBFH

submitted by /u/woofwoofgrrl
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What happens to the optic part of the brain when someone looses their eyes?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:12 PM PST

Let's say, in a terrible world where someone gets both eyes dramatically clawed from their sockets by an eagle, what would they see? There was recently a TIL post about the eyes not seeing "black" when they are closed, they experience the color "eigengrau". So what would the brain see without eyes at all? Would they see actual black or just eigengrau? Does the same apply for completely blind people? Does the optic section of the brain continue to try and process information or does it just kind of die?

submitted by /u/schmelk1000
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Why does getting water up your nose burn?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 12:26 PM PST

Is there anything functionally essential to the way the brain is shaped, aside from surface area? Say we let a human brain grow smoothly, without folding, maintaining a normal surface area. Are there any known 'computational' costs?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 02:42 PM PST

Clearly this brain wouldn't fit inside a human skull, but let's say for the sake of argument we have a miraculous brain-in-a-vat situation that solves all obvious problems.

submitted by /u/woodencrayon
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Does the fine structure constant of 1/137 imply that there are only 136 possible elements that can be formed?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:11 AM PST

My understanding is probably vastly oversimplified but if the electromagnetic force is indeed 137 times weaker than the strong nuclear force, then wouldn't the repulsion of the protons in the nucleus due to the EM force overcome the attraction of the protons due to the SN force when 137 or more protons are present, therefore giving us a largest possible viable atomic number of 136?

submitted by /u/0x4d_
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What exactly does it mean when doctors refer to a contraceptive as being "99.9% effective"?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:39 PM PST

I presume it means that if I have sex 1000 times while using it, there's the same risk of getting pregnant as if I hadn't used it. But I have no idea really and there are a lot of ways to interpret it. Can a medical professional clear this up? How safe exactly is it? One in a thousand doesn't really sound that safe.

submitted by /u/AcesFullOfKings
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What would walking tangential to the earths curve appear like?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 06:07 PM PST

Note: So for the sake of the thought experiment I'm gonna assume the earth is a sphere - not technically true, but I don't believe it should materially alter the question.

If you were to essentially have a long perfectly straight girder, perfectly balanced and sitting on the equator of the earth tangentially, what would it look like?

Would it appear to be the steepest mountain, gaining height exponentially as the curvature of the earth fades away?

I'd you were to walk it would appear to be exponential, or a linear gradient as gravity would constantly pull you towards the earth's centre?

submitted by /u/Bardzly
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How do you date rocks? Shouldn't every rock on Earth be 4.6 billion years old?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 08:55 AM PST

A news report I saw said Feb 28 was the end of “meteorological winter.” What does that mean and how is it different than regular winter?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 07:35 PM PST

Can a star orbit another star?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:19 AM PST

And if so, could the combination of the two stars create a sustainable environment on a planet or planets? Can a planet orbit the star orbiting the star?

submitted by /u/NightProwlerIV
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What species has the largest variation in size between adults?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:23 PM PST

Talking to my buddies and we're trying to figure out what animal has the largest size percentage variation. For example a 7'0 human compared to a 5'0 human is a pretty big variation. I'm not counting dogs or any other species that humans have bred to be different sizes or abnormal genetic mutations.

My guess is some sort of rodent that can be 1-6 lbs or something like that.

submitted by /u/GrammerNasi
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Friday, March 8, 2019

If you put a giant mirror on the floor of the earth and make a photo from a satelite, what would you be able to see?

If you put a giant mirror on the floor of the earth and make a photo from a satelite, what would you be able to see?


If you put a giant mirror on the floor of the earth and make a photo from a satelite, what would you be able to see?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 12:57 AM PST

In my class this came up in a discussion and we were unsure what the result would be.

  1. The mirror would be blue, as it reflects the color from the sky
  2. The mirror would be black as it reflects the "color" from outer space
  3. The mirror would be white as the refraction from the atmosohere gets canceled

Edit 1: Thanks for your answers. My conclusion of this would be, that the image of the mirror would be blue (if there is no sun in the frame)

submitted by /u/Coolman105
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What makes a metal an ohmic conductor or a non-ohmic one?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 03:42 PM PST

I've learnt that metals like copper is ohmic while tungsten is non-ohmic, but is there a reason behind these properties?

(Also, out of curiosity, are gold and silver also ohmic conductors?)

submitted by /u/JustANyanCat
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AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Nina Kraus and will talk about how music and concussion impact brain health. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 04:00 AM PST

How do our experiences, such as learning how to play music and playing sports, affect our brain? Although we are surrounded by sound all of the time, we rarely give much thought to this invisible yet powerful companion. The auditory system is a uniquely complex sensory system and the ability to make sense of sound relies on exquisite precision by the brain. Given the complexity and precision of the auditory system, accurate sound processing is particularly vulnerable to head injury. On the other hand, its precision can be honed by activities that exercise the auditory brain such as playing a musical instrument.

We have discovered a way to objectively capture the imprint that sounds leave on our brains. This biological approach empowers us to learn more and more about this invisible ally and enemy of brain health. Dr. Kraus will examine the promise of measuring soundprints in the brain to assess and manage sports-related concussions. She will discuss how music training is beneficial for the brain, strengthens our communication skills, and can inform health care, education, and social policy.

Dr. Kraus will be here at 2:00 CT (3 ET, 19 UT). Ask her anything!

Links:

articles: Kraus N, White-Schwoch T (2017) Neurobiology of everyday communication: what have we learned from music? *The Neuroscientist(. 23(3): 287-298.

Kraus N, Nicol T (2017) The power of sound for brain health. Nature Human Behaviour. 1: 700-702

Kraus N, Thompson EC, Krizman J, Cook K, White-Schwoch T, LaBella CR (2016) Auditory biological marker of concussion in children. Nature: Scientific Reports. 6: 39009.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Is there such a thing as identical twins in the animal world outside of humans?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 05:44 PM PST

From the modern definition of a second, how do we know that the transition time between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of cesium 133 atom is a constant?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:51 AM PST

Have we found a ground basis for the definition of second that is completely reliable? Even if we were moving closer to the speed of light? What about exceptionally massive objects, could the space time distortion affect the time that it takes for the transition to occur?

submitted by /u/agasabellaba
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Does the US government run scientific experiments to determine if policies work?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 08:08 PM PST

Why do shockwaves make the shape they make?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 11:52 PM PST

So today in the newspaper was this article (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-08/nasa-captures-incredible-images-of-supersonic-shockwaves-intera/10882590) which shows shockwaves coming from aircraft at supersonic speeds.

I understand that as the object approaches the speed of sound the bow waves in the air (themselves travelling at the speed of sound) get closer together, until they merge into a single big shockwave to create the sonic boom. Fine.

But nevertheless each individual shockwave (or the sum of them), is still travelling outwards from individual points (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_boom#/media/File:Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach1.4.gif) in expanding circles. But the images in the newspaper article show the shockwaves coming off the front of the plane practically horizontally, rather than in a circular shape. It's as if somehow the air which is 20m to the left or right of the plane is being compressed by the front of the plane, even though the plane is only 1m "in front" of the spot being compressed.

How can that be? Surely as the plane goes faster, the bow wave becomes more linear in shape, not more horizontal, no?

submitted by /u/quixotic33
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Raw eggs left in a glass of water produce white strings that are different sizes . What are they and what contributes to the size of strings?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:42 AM PST

https://i.imgur.com/k8z9sQu.jpg

I posted it on r/whatisthisthing and got destroyed.

Answers given: "Protiens and fats solidifying as the water dissolves", "Convection currents" and "not all eggs are exactly the same".

submitted by /u/MamasMilkFactory
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How did we calculate the age and lifespan of the universe?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 07:21 PM PST

We have an estimate of how old the universe is and when it will end. But how accurate are these numbers?

Did we find the oldest star or celestial object and deduce that it existed since the start?

Also, how do we know when the universe will end. Did we calculate the expansion rate?

submitted by /u/Pakmanjosh
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Why Electrons don’t collide with matter in Cherenkov Radiation?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 07:43 AM PST

I saw some video on youtube about the Cherenkov Radiation, and it explained very well except for one thing, why don't the electrons collide with the matter (water molecules or other electrons) and become slower than the speed of light in water or even at the same speed?

submitted by /u/Darkius90s
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What exactly is renormalization, why was it long considered unsatisfactory and how was it eventually proven to be mathematically sound?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 03:17 PM PST

What are the limiting factors for screen size?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 09:30 PM PST

When you see massive displays over 80,90,100" they are often compromised of several smaller screens. Other than cost what factors, if any, limit how big a monitor can be and how does maximum size and limitations differ across different types of screens?

submitted by /u/jphath57
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Is there a universe scaled coordination system like there is longitude/latitude on planet surfaces?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 07:29 PM PST

This has been on my mind for a while. It all started when thinking about the concept of how we can pinpoint locations on earth with just latitude and longitude. simple enough. BUT then mind jumped to how I could relate that location to the sun....great, 3 dimensions. Beyond the dimension of time, I cant conceptualize one would pinpoint a location on earth in relation to the universe.

The universe is moving, expanding, and perceptions of times vary throughout. Is there a universe oriented coordinate system that includes the various dimensions in play?

submitted by /u/familyman2017
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Why do we use parsecs instead of 3.26 lightyears?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 03:37 PM PST

I just learned this in school so I know near nothing about parsecs, so sorry if the answer is obvious. I just don't see the reason to say parsecs instead of using lightyears everywhere, you know, using one word and not multiple ones would be less confusing. Or are there certain things you can only do with parsecs?

submitted by /u/h00g00
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How do we determine the force of an electromagnet?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 09:23 PM PST

How can we accurately determine a pull force of an electromagnet? Say I have one of those Junkyard magnet that is use to lift cars and such, and have a certain amount of current running through it how do I calculate the maximum force that the electromagnet can pull?

submitted by /u/LifeofPCIE
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Do shadows have reflections? If a light from a window is shown on a mirror and bounces back to the wall in front of it that you see the light on the wall, can a shadow from a person do the same?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 02:39 AM PST

How many weeks are really in a year?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 08:53 PM PST

We're told: 365 days in a year, 52 weeks in year, 7 days in a week.

But...

365 days / 7 days in a week = 52.14285 weeks per year

Is it just common for us to round down to 52 weeks in a year? From what I understand, this is not why we have a leap year but I could be mistaken. Can anyone explain this a little better? This actually came up in an animal nutrition class when calculating costs.

Edit: after reading my post maybe I am asking the wrong question. Maybe it would be better to ask what happens to the .14285 in the grand scheme of things?

submitted by /u/mrmarks18
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How do the laws of quantum mechanics apply to complex situations?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 12:27 AM PST

I have recently taken up reading on Quantum Mechanics and one confusing paradigm I came across was that according to a theory in Quantum Mechanics (please correct me if I'm wrong), what we see and perceive is what our brains make us see and perceive. This includes the people around us, and everything else. One dilema I have been facing is if for example, I perceive a specific person or a thing, then why does everyone else perceive the same things and in the same manner as I do? Shouldn't everyone have their own different and exclusive perceivable objects and persons? Is there a intermingling theory that I'm missing out?

I am just at the tip of the iceberg of quantum mechanics so there might be a very simple explanation to this. Spare me if this is a very dumb question.

submitted by /u/_PiJay_
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Why do doctors hold our testicles and make us cough as part of a medical exam ?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 01:52 PM PST

Why doesn't lava dry out within a volcano?

Posted: 07 Mar 2019 09:16 PM PST

Is lava/magma consistently being produced so that this doesn't occur? If it doesn't dry out, what keeps it heated within a volcano?

submitted by /u/NewShadenfreude
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