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Monday, February 18, 2019

Research is suggesting that hormones in the womb are a major factor in determining a person's sexuality. Has there been any research on whether the hormones and hormone analogs we use in modern industrial society are influencing this process?

Research is suggesting that hormones in the womb are a major factor in determining a person's sexuality. Has there been any research on whether the hormones and hormone analogs we use in modern industrial society are influencing this process?


Research is suggesting that hormones in the womb are a major factor in determining a person's sexuality. Has there been any research on whether the hormones and hormone analogs we use in modern industrial society are influencing this process?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 04:58 PM PST

How do driverless cars detect and deal with ice and snow, especially when it comes to braking?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 04:40 PM PST

As a seasoned winter driver, I often have to anticipate stopping distance and turn speed based on the road conditions ahead. You could be on a plowed patch of a main road, and then turn onto a snowy/icy side street.

How do driverless cars deal with these conditions? Do they also "see" or is it based on the tire traction?

submitted by /u/0000000000000007
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If we shed layers of skin cells all the time, how come moles/skin tags dont shed as well?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 02:48 PM PST

How does shape affect the strength of a spring?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 09:04 PM PST

I've heard that a coil is a more efficient spring shape than a leaf. And just looking at the relative sizes of automotive coil springs VS their leaf counterparts, I believe it. But I've been looking for a way to express that mathematically, or a way to determine the springiness (I believe thats expressed as elastic potential?) of a spring shape, and I can't find an adequate reference. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

submitted by /u/allaboardthebantrain
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How is food poisoning tracked back to a common source?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 06:10 PM PST

Especially when it is widespread across a large area. This kind of has 2 parts:

  1. How would doctors know to even start looking for a common cause instead of assuming a given case is just local and not part of a widespread outbreak?
  2. What is the procedure or linking multiple cases of food poisoning? How do they then trace multiple cases back to a source?

Do hospitals and doctored quiz people on their last few meals and then submit it to some kind of central database? Does the FDA or USDA get involved? Like assuming even 500 people got food poisoning in a region with millions of people and all went to different providers for treatment, what would make all those different doctors and hospitals take action do determine that this was widespread and not just assume it was a localized incident?

submitted by /u/acvdk
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Do all forms of water (protium water, deuterium water etc.) lose density upon freezing? Or are there any forms that remain as dense in both liquid and solid states?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:34 PM PST

How can a real physical system have no analytical solution?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 05:22 PM PST

Hi r/askscience,

I have a question that is part physics, part math and maybe even part philosophy. Anyways, I was wondering how real systems can exist but can't be solved analytically. I get that you can make an equation that can only be solved numerically. But I am a little confused at how real systems can end up with a definitive value if they cannot be solved exactly. Is humanity's knowledge of mathematics just limited and there is an exact solution we can get without approximating? Or if we know an equation or system of equations cannot be solved, how does the universe know what to do? I know this query is a bit vague, but hopefully somebody understands what I'm getting at. Any help or a push in the right direction of other helpful information would be appreciated! Thanks.

submitted by /u/InsideAvocado
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Why do strawberries lose their color when you cook them?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:26 PM PST

From my 8 year old daughter- when I cooked a strawberry cobbler, I noticed that some of the strawberries had turned white after cooking. I looked, but Google was no help. So, why do they lose their color when cooked?

submitted by /u/Vandy_95
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Why are Vitamins added to soy milk/almond milk?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 05:31 PM PST

Vitamins such as D, and various types of B vitamins are added to the ingredients. Are these considered supplements? And do we actually reap the benefits of the added vitamins?

submitted by /u/ProblematicReporter
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How far away are we from ocular implants? (tiny cameras in our eye-sockets?)

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 07:46 PM PST

My vision is slowly going. Good thing my glasses still work alright.

And instead of LASIK someday, I'd rather wear ocular implants that can also zoom in and out, record video, see infrared (and other visual frequencies) and do much more than original 20/20 eyes can.

So how is the development of ocular implants coming along these days?

And when will we have practical, working ocular implants ready to be installed in the blind?

submitted by /u/Inagnusnah
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If a human body suddenly got sucked up into outer space what would happen to the human body? Why wouldn’t humans flash freeze?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:44 PM PST

Why does bismuth form square crystals and not triangle or hegagonal?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 05:12 PM PST

Is it something to do with the atomic level?

submitted by /u/Beserkhobo
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Why is the salinity of the worlds oceans not constant?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:48 PM PST

[Space]: Do the craters on the 'light'-side of the moon (the side facing us) mean that those meteorites just barely missed us? How did this side get hit, when it's always facing earth?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 10:28 AM PST

Does your brain "compute" physics or does it "go from experience"?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 11:58 AM PST

Let's say i'm trying to throw a ball at a target.

When I take aim, does my brain try to calculate the physics "behind the scenes" or is it more like "the last few times I threw a ball this heavy this hard with this wind, it'll land about there"?

submitted by /u/EyeofEnder
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Is the air quality during the night-time in an urban area typically better or worse than during the day?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 06:53 AM PST

I typically open the windows at night (during summer) to let the cool air in and get some "fresh air" into the house. Initially I thought this air would be better quality since most of the traffic has stopped and the roads/buildings have been quiet for a while.

However, some internet sources seem to indicate the opposite - that air quality is worse at night and better either in the morning or afternoon. But no source seemed conclusive or seemed to offer a reasonable scientific explanation as to why they reached their conclusion or to back up the data.

Would it matter where you were as well, in terms of climate factors (e.g. say the east vs. west coast, etc.)? Thanks.

submitted by /u/appleception
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Why is there a 2 dose and 3 dose schedule for guardasil, and why does age matter?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 01:04 PM PST

Guardasil can be administered as a 2 dose schedule if the patient is under 15, but a 3 dose schedule is required if the patient is over 15. Biologically what happens at 15 to cause another dose to be required?

Is there any documentation of the effectiveness of an adult following the 2 dose schedule? I assume that first dose takes a while to become effective. Is there some kind of a graph showing when it is most effective?

submitted by /u/Newlyopeninutah
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How are old medications destroyed when returned to pharmacies?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 08:28 AM PST

In the formation of an extra-tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere, is there a difference in the circulation pattern between the occlusion stage and the bent-back occlusion stage?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:45 PM PST

My textbook says that when an occluded front forms, the upper level pattern now features closed circulation almost directly above the surface cyclone (i.e. it is nearly vertically stacked). It then goes on to say that such cyclones may continue deepening, forming a bent-back occlusion in which a closed, nearly vertically-stacked system that is troposphere-deep (and moves very slowly) develops.

Is there a difference here? Or is the textbook just doing a mediocre job of saying that closed, nearly vertically stacked circulation occurs with the formation of the occluded front?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/klcurrie
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Why is there a mass defect in nuclear fusion?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 03:15 PM PST

I am doing a physics project on nuclear fusion. I understand mass is energy due to Einstein's equation and understand that energy is released during fusion due to a mass defect between the nuclei fused and the helium/neutron produced. My question is why is there a mass change. Why is a helium-4 nucleus + a neutron lighter than a deuterium nucleus and a tritium nucleus even though the amount of neutrons/protons on either side of the fusion is the same?

submitted by /u/HappyGetRekt
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Are there any volcanoes in which the lava/magma is primarily iron? What are the prominent elements found in volcanoes?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 10:33 AM PST

How does a computer know what a coding language is? How does it know the meaning of the english words you write within the code?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 05:13 PM PST

Like when you're writing words like "Return" or "True/False", how could a silicon rectangle "know" what that means?

submitted by /u/Callmeroll
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Sunday, February 17, 2019

Theoretically the efficiency of a solar panel can’t pass 31 % of output power, why ??

Theoretically the efficiency of a solar panel can’t pass 31 % of output power, why ??


Theoretically the efficiency of a solar panel can’t pass 31 % of output power, why ??

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 06:06 AM PST

An information i know is that with today's science we only reached an efficiency of 26.6 %.

submitted by /u/Spirou27
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Theoretically, if a rocket ship kept constant thrust on in space with unlimited fuel, will it keep accelerating indefinitely?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 01:33 AM PST

Why do delocalised electrons result in a more stable compound?

Posted: 17 Feb 2019 06:36 AM PST

For example, comparing cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene and the structure of Benzene, due to the delocalised ring of electrons in benzene, it is more stable. Why is this the case?

submitted by /u/AhmarIT
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Why does the moon have so many impact craters compared to the Earth?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 09:42 PM PST

Does gathering information about a thermodynamic system decrease its thermodynamic entropy?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 11:28 PM PST

If you have an ideal gas in a chamber, and you have the ability to see individual particles, can you extract useful work out of it? If I know that a certain particle has a higher than average kinetic energy, theoretically I can extract useful work out of that particle using Szilard's 1 particle engine, can I not? Thus, getting that information reduce the entropy of that chamber because I can get useful work out of it.

Does this mean that the thermodynamic entropy got converted to information entropy? It may increase the thermodynamic entropy of the memory unit that is holding that data, to keep with the 2nd law. Is there a problem in this logic? Thanks!

submitted by /u/x0Dst
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What causes the "fear" of water during rabies?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 11:14 AM PST

I often try to figure this out with the internet they all say that it causes convulsions in the throat but I always wondered why, what causes the human body to convulse with rabies, I never got a clear answer

submitted by /u/Moonpillars
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How do an insect’s antennae joints work? I’ve seen the joints on an ant’s antennae from a microscope and they seem to be a simple ball. How do they move around?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 07:46 AM PST

Wouldn't a gamma ray be able to knock electrons out of the nucleus in silicium?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 05:13 PM PST

I've read that silicium is used in solar panels because solar rays can knock their electrons out the nucleus, and because gamma rays are stronger than solar rays and can travel really far shouldn't they also knock them out?

submitted by /u/nigma1337
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What are the major restrictions of cold fusion? Is there any chance of it happening, and how?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 09:03 PM PST

I'm on a small to mid-sized boat, far from any coast, and a tsunami is heading in my direction. What happens? Do I notice anything wrong?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 07:13 AM PST

How exactly does mechanical energy translate to calories burned?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 09:57 AM PST

Say I lift a 25kg weight from the floor to my chest (about 1.5m) -- around 370 joules of potential energy. If a calorie is roughly 4.2 J, does this mean I just burned a little under 90 calories?

If not, how does mechanical energy like this translate into how calories are burned? That seems like a lot of calories, but I'm not sure where else the energy would come from. Or, are there different definitions of calories?

submitted by /u/eyebrowgamestrong
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Does high/low frequencies play a role in how much heating damage is done from loud music?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 07:50 AM PST

I'm curious whether one person standing in front of a higher frequency speaker would end up more 'ear shot' the next day, compared to someone standing in front of a bass speaker.

Lower frequencies like bass and sub-bass have longer wave lengths and can be felt by the vibrations they cause. On the other hand high frequencies can't be felt, they have shorter wave lengths, thus leading me to believe they're the culprit for the 'shot ears' and hearing loss at concerts.

submitted by /u/Meg--Griffin
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When will a horizontally-hung rope break under its own weight?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 10:38 AM PST

For example, say I tied two ends of a long rope to the top of two radio towers (of equal height), how far apart could these towers be before the rope would break from its own weight? I've tried to look into this before, all answers seem to be for a vertically-hung rope.

submitted by /u/mrlugg22
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How did the Megalodons go extinct, and if evolution made them into sharks why are they so small?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 08:53 AM PST

Saturday, February 16, 2019

How does the excess salt from salting roads affect the environment? Things such as bodies of water or soil quality?

How does the excess salt from salting roads affect the environment? Things such as bodies of water or soil quality?


How does the excess salt from salting roads affect the environment? Things such as bodies of water or soil quality?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 05:03 PM PST

If for some reason you have a handful of feces in your hand and you wash it off with disinfectant soap but your hand still smells like feces, does that mean your hand is still contaminated?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 08:51 AM PST

How are potholes created?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 02:59 AM PST

I'm talking about dead vertical potholes on asphalt that look like someone brought a jackhammer and made an almost perfectly round pothole. The ground around them looks in good condition and unaffected. What causes this to happen in a small part of the road and not the rest?

submitted by /u/savvaspc
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How do octopi kill sharks? Do they "drown"/suffocate them? Do they snap their bones?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 06:22 AM PST

Saw a video on this and it's pretty crazy, but I am curious about the mechanism of how the shark actually dies.

submitted by /u/thank_you_next
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Trans fat reduction: Are we healthier now?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 08:29 PM PST

Dr. Walter Willett of the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard has been widely quoted as estimating that industrial trans fat elimination will prevent 90,000 deaths annually. Now that most of that has taken place, have reduced rates of coronary disease and associated deaths over the last few years shown up statistically? Or is it too early to know?

submitted by /u/Kukisvoomchor
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Why is it that when your hand is shaky, you can easily read what you're holding while others would struggle to follow it with their eyes?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 04:37 AM PST

I hope the flair is correct.

submitted by /u/SinanDira
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What differentiates the vocal cords of someone who can sing high and someone who sings low? And what about both?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 04:02 AM PST

Why can’t we combine all of the vaccines into one big super vaccine and give it to babies at a young age instead of going through different rounds of vaccines at different ages?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 06:03 PM PST

How often do wild animals get cancer?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 02:06 AM PST

I have never heard of wild animals suffering from cancer, is there any documentation about this or reports that I have missed?

I am wondering if there is any link between cancer and human society/activity (food, manufacturing, machinery, etc) because so far I have only heard of pets, animals with close contact to humans, ever getting cancer.

Thank you :)

submitted by /u/ScheduledTiger
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Why are some prions considered to be protease-resistant?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 04:05 AM PST

I've tried searching around about what makes prions structure resistant to proteolysis, but I've come up with nothing. It would be appreciated if someone could explain to me how this change in secondary (higher percentage of beta sheets in disease causing prions) and tertiary structure makes a prion resistant to proteasomes.

submitted by /u/Girimehkala
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How realistic is in movies when they close dead people's eyelids? Aren't eyelids supposed to be stiff like the rest of the body? How much pressure must be applied? Are they prone to reopening?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 01:43 AM PST

With all these new cases of measles, if the virus mutates, can people who have already been vaccinated become susceptible?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 01:20 AM PST

With every case of measles, the chance of mutation exists. I know that every virus has a different mutation rate, how high is measles compared to other diseases like chickenpox? When the new cases pop up, do they test that strain against the one used to make the vaccine? How exact do the antibodies given in the vaccine need to match to be effective?

I have a 10 month old child and have been diligent in getting her vaccines and her MMR is due soon. Since she is still vulnerable, and we live in Las Vegas where visitors from all over the country and world come to spend money, I have been alarmed at the outbreaks and the possible consequences.

submitted by /u/sharp_tooth01
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Are there any substances the Liver or Kidneys can't remove? Therefore in our blood forever.

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 02:38 AM PST

What is the biological mechanism that caused malformations in inbreeding?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 02:33 AM PST

Why is it that humans have a tendency to have birth defects?

Why can some animals, like the cheetah, circumvent this mechanism?

submitted by /u/SatanicOnion
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What happens to addiction when You are in coma?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 08:49 PM PST

When people for example addicted to nicotine, wake up from a coma, are they still addicted or can they immedietly quit? What about stronger addictions like heroine? Does doctors give special medications to addicts when they are still in coma?

submitted by /u/iwuspl
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How do severe allergic reactions work? How and why can someone die from eating something that is innocuous to most others?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 03:54 PM PST

How do our lungs get rid of particulate? Like smoke and sawdust and tiny foreign matter?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 06:33 PM PST

I breathe an incredible amount of horrible things at my job. I wear a respirator when I am doing something really hazardous, but there is always a haze of dust in the air made of plastics, adhesives, paint, lacquer, ink, wood, and things like plywood and mdf.

edit: and aluminum, lots of aluminum dust in the air.

submitted by /u/xlitawit
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Why do we ice swelling injuries when the swelling is a natural bodily reaction to the injury?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 01:30 AM PST

Why does stress weaken the immune system?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 03:34 AM PST

When calcium carbonate is put in distilled water, will it cause the increase of pH of the water solution?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 06:34 AM PST

We had a discussion at lunch with my friends yesterday. Calcium Carbonate in water.

Ok, as far as I know calcium carbonate is preeetty insoluble in destilled water, especially at pH 7.4. But Here is the question, if put in slightly acidic pH (6.0, lets say) will it increase the pH of the surrounding medium or will that stay the same?

A penny for your thoughts.

submitted by /u/Pharmaki
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Why does blue light look so much darker than red or green light that is said to have the same intensity?

Posted: 16 Feb 2019 06:30 AM PST

"Intensity" here meaning brightness/saturation of light as given by, for example, a Web hex color value. Why does Web color #0000FF look so dim compared to #FF0000?

submitted by /u/A_Mirabeau_702
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Is there any way of knowing what was the supposed lifespan of dinosaurs?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 09:29 PM PST

I mean if they didn't get hunted down or got killed by a rock falling to their heads. Do we know if Argentinosaurus lived to be hundred ? What about Spinosaurus, did they die at the ripe old age of 34?

submitted by /u/Wectium
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What is/are the preferred voting method/s present when trying to rank entries such that the final ranking is representative of the overall vote?

Posted: 15 Feb 2019 11:42 PM PST

You can also assume that each of the entries can be given a score by the voters; like say 88/100 or something like that. Obviously, I don't require that the answer be weighted but I would love to see the reasoning behind why a weighted voting method would not work out well in this scenario over a non-weighted one; if that were to be the case. The number of voters is not that large, assume 6<n<12 wherein n stands for the number of voters. Also, the method I'm looking for should also try to minimize tactical voting as much as possible so that when one voter gives an entry a low score in a blatant effort to tank that entry's standing in the final ranking, the effect of the tactical vote is minimized. I've tried to search literature but some complicated terms come up, and as a layman with regards to this field, I would definitely love some help on this area of mathematics and/or statistics.

submitted by /u/Raging_SEAn
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