How do birds survive the incredible cold temperatures of the polar vortex?

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• How do birds survive the incredible cold temperatures of the polar vortex?
• Does carbonating a liquid alter the ph level of it?
• Could southern hemisphere countries get something similar to the polar vortex from Antarctica?
• How old is the oldest DNA/RNA that has been extracted? Is it the same as the molecules all living organisms have in their cells now? Did nucleic acids evolve or are they the same as they were when life began 4 billion years ago.
• Is the polar vortex a natural thing or is it also caused by climate change? If so, how does it occur?
• Why does the human body use hydrochloric acid to create gastric acid? Could it hypothetically use other acids, or even bases?
• Did our gut bacteria originally ride into our bodies on the kind of food it helps us digest?
• Is cannabis essentially the same as Prozac/Flouxetine as a serotonin blocker?
• Does the air inside of a moving car tire rotate or stand still?
• If temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules, is there an equivalent measure of their standard deviation?
• Do molecules actually look like their displayed formulae?
• Is the amount of boogers in a person's nose, a good indicator of how polluted/dusty their surroundings are ?
• When we say "particles behave differently when observed" what is the nature of observation?
• Why is it important that refrigerants in HVAC systems go through phase changes?
• Why do slaps to wet skin hurt more than dry skin?
• Is there any difference between a block of ice and the same block of ice that received a certain amount of energy but not enough to melt it?
• All the planets in our solar system orbit in the same plane, does this phenomena scale to the entire universe?
• What would happen to a single photon going through a prism?
• Can dogs tell if someone is a man or a woman? Do they have a concept of gender for humans?
• Why after a certain age people start to get smaller?
• Hypothetically, what would happen if a neuron synapses onto it's own dendrites?
• Does fungi grow on our bodies?

How do birds survive the incredible cold temperatures of the polar vortex? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 11:38 AM PST The title says the most of it. I'm in the Midwest right on the Mississippi and to say that its cold out is something of an understatement. I went for a quick walk by the river to see what all the hype was about (I'm from the West coast originally and I've never been in temps anywhere near this cold). I was outside for all of twenty minutes as tightly and hotly bundled as a human can be and my eyelashes froze and I thought I'd freeze solid if I had to stay outside for an hour. I could hardly see where I was going while I was walking into the wind I had to keep blinking and wiping the ice away. All the while I saw dozen of birds out flying around, in the few patches of river that hadn't frozen yet and flying in the air above. It was -20 give or take when I went out, and that's peanuts compared to what it was overnight, but these birds clearly survived that. How do they manage it? I guess for clarification, I'm talking about gulls, bald eagles and birds I am fairly certain were ducks. Edit: Front page of r/AskScience? Alright! Thanks everybody for the responses, I can tell I'm not the only one curious about this. submitted by /u/Septipus [link] [comments]

Does carbonating a liquid alter the ph level of it? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 07:30 AM PST submitted by /u/Bcm980 [link] [comments]

Could southern hemisphere countries get something similar to the polar vortex from Antarctica? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 03:09 AM PST Is it a specific situation in the arctic circle? Or could South America/Africa/Australia also face this situation? submitted by /u/aiydee [link] [comments]

How old is the oldest DNA/RNA that has been extracted? Is it the same as the molecules all living organisms have in their cells now? Did nucleic acids evolve or are they the same as they were when life began 4 billion years ago. Posted: 31 Jan 2019 06:39 AM PST It is fantastic enough to think that all life shares the same DNA/RNA. Did these nucleic acids start it all off in primordial times or do we know if they have evolved themselves as life complexity grew? submitted by /u/Necromonicus [link] [comments]

Is the polar vortex a natural thing or is it also caused by climate change? If so, how does it occur? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 05:17 AM PST submitted by /u/Aiminer357 [link] [comments]

Why does the human body use hydrochloric acid to create gastric acid? Could it hypothetically use other acids, or even bases? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 08:59 PM PST Is it related to the relative abundance of hydrogen and chloride in the human diet? Is creating HCl easier than other acids like sulfuric or nitric? I'm not really clear on how the body creates HCl and whether that process could somehow/hypothetically be different to allow for other acids or possibly bases. submitted by /u/MorganCeann [link] [comments]

Did our gut bacteria originally ride into our bodies on the kind of food it helps us digest? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 04:07 AM PST Did bacteria that digests sugars first ride in on something sugary? Did fiber-eating bacteria originally ride in on fiber? Is that anything like the way it works? Edit: If that is the way it works, does it mean we might be able to engineer symbiotic bacteria to help solve hunger issues? submitted by /u/WhatSortofPerson [link] [comments]

Is cannabis essentially the same as Prozac/Flouxetine as a serotonin blocker? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 02:23 AM PST Can chronic use of Prozac lead to depression much like chronic use of Cannabis? Can one get the same benefits from CBD oil? submitted by /u/BetterFasterSmarter [link] [comments]

Does the air inside of a moving car tire rotate or stand still? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 05:34 PM PST submitted by /u/degenbets [link] [comments]

If temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules, is there an equivalent measure of their standard deviation? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 09:24 PM PST submitted by /u/afcagroo [link] [comments]

Do molecules actually look like their displayed formulae? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 05:52 AM PST Sorry if this is a stupid question, but we've been studying hydrocarbons at school and I was wondering if, under an incredibly high magnification and resolution microscope, would the hydrocarbon molecules look anything like the shape we have been taught to draw them as? submitted by /u/davidaddisonofabitch [link] [comments]

Is the amount of boogers in a person's nose, a good indicator of how polluted/dusty their surroundings are ? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 05:04 AM PST submitted by /u/pablitoD1 [link] [comments]

When we say "particles behave differently when observed" what is the nature of observation? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 04:47 AM PST What makes an observation observation, does observation include looking? Taking photo? Listening? What if i take a photo accidantly, is it observation then? And if it means interacting in any way, dont i interact with it any way with my existance in any form? submitted by /u/kicksandro20 [link] [comments]

Why is it important that refrigerants in HVAC systems go through phase changes? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 10:47 PM PST I understand the refrigeration cycle and that refrigerants go through phase changes and how temperature only change through sensible heat and not latent heat, but why is it important that a refrigerant's boiling point is within the range of temperature changes that occurs? Why not just have a refrigerant that stays as a gas, whose pressure can be altered by the expansion valve and you don't have to worry about liquid getting into the compressor as well? submitted by /u/dammit_daniel [link] [comments]

Why do slaps to wet skin hurt more than dry skin? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 06:08 PM PST submitted by /u/PzExczMyDearAntSally [link] [comments]

Is there any difference between a block of ice and the same block of ice that received a certain amount of energy but not enough to melt it? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 04:32 AM PST Well obviously except for the fact that the the one that receive energy will melt faster. submitted by /u/Chun_S [link] [comments]

All the planets in our solar system orbit in the same plane, does this phenomena scale to the entire universe? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 04:28 AM PST From the Earth and Planetary Sciences FAQ: Why do all the planets in our solar system orbit in the same plane? /u/iorgefeflkd explains: Basically, the whole solar formed as a cloud of whirling gas. As things whirl, they tend to bulge out perpendicular to the axis of whirling (which is why the Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than through the poles), so you end up with a flat orbiting disk of gas. It's from this disk that the sun and planets formed. My question then arises: Since the universe started out with matter uniformly distributed, akin to a "cloud of whirling gas", does then all matter in the universe gravitate towards a plane? submitted by /u/DnA_Singularity [link] [comments]

What would happen to a single photon going through a prism? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 05:51 PM PST To clarify things, let's make the prism "perfect" in the sense that it has no imperfections. Furthermore, let's make it a photon of "red" light (625 - 740nm). Here's one rough explanation of what happens: If one were to conduct the experiment with a beam of red light, an angle of refraction would be observed. This angle of refraction would of course, be less than that if one were to employ a beam of "violet" light. Now repeat with a single photon of "red" light: If the photon is not observed until after passing through the prism, it is fair to say that it should have passed through the prism as would a wave with the wavelength of red light. On the other side of the prism, it will be detected with an angle of refraction corresponding to "red" light. Any thoughts on the above? This has been asked before, but I felt the responses were not as clear they could have been, perhaps because the question & main assumptions required clarification: https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/22icbf/what_happens_to_an_individual_photon_when/ submitted by /u/JXtol [link] [comments]

Can dogs tell if someone is a man or a woman? Do they have a concept of gender for humans? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 12:16 AM PST submitted by /u/SvelteMountain [link] [comments]

Why after a certain age people start to get smaller? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 03:50 AM PST submitted by /u/Junkbreed [link] [comments]

Hypothetically, what would happen if a neuron synapses onto it's own dendrites? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 12:42 PM PST If you could somehow get a neuron's dendrites to connect to it's synapses what would happen if an action potential was triggered? submitted by /u/yaygerb [link] [comments]

Does fungi grow on our bodies? Posted: 31 Jan 2019 03:33 AM PST submitted by /u/BarryBlueVein [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

AskScience AMA Series: We're Chris Joyce, a science correspondent for NPR, and Rebecca Davis, a senior producer with NPR's science desk. Ask us anything about plastic pollution!

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• AskScience AMA Series: We're Chris Joyce, a science correspondent for NPR, and Rebecca Davis, a senior producer with NPR's science desk. Ask us anything about plastic pollution!
• If a 20 year old gets an organ transplant from a 50 year old, 30 years later is that organ functioning as if it were 80 years old or 50 years old?
• [Physics] if you cool the radioactive isotope to absolute zero, would it decay?
• Does be under heavy anesthesia for 8 hours function the same as sleeping for 8 hours? (are you "rested"?)
• Why do these polar vortex things keep happening?
• What plesiomorphic traits have Humans retained from our Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) with Chimpanzees and Bonobos which Chimps and Bonobos have lost or modified?
• When launching a rocket into space on the West Coast, does it require more energy since your going against the rotation of the Earth?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology
• How accurate are people when self-diagnosing mental illness, and how accurate are people at identifying contributing factors to their own disorders?
• When a new particle like the Higgs Boson is discovered at LHC, how can physicists tell that the particle they’re “seeing” is one they’ve never seen before?
• Does the pressure at the bottom of the ocean affect its freezing temperature?
• Can someone help me understand how cryolipolysis or "cool sculpting" actually works and any negative affects it may have?
• Given Dark Matters proposed gravitational effects, why is it more often represented as a halo around a galaxy as oppose to spheres similar to stars?
• Why are flights being cancelled throughout the midwest due to freezing cold weather? At cruising altitude, aren't the temperatures just as bad?
• What variables account for the chances of an asteroid striking the earth? If scientists say X rock has a one in a thousand chance of hitting the earth, how do they come up with these odds?
• Why are some drugs injected directly into the vein while others can just be injected into the arm or leg?
• In a zero-gravity environment, does acceleration of a spacecraft opposite the inertial vector generate "artificial gravity" for the passengers? E.g. decelerating from high speed upon reaching the halfway point of an interstellar journey.
• Does solar exposure affect soil pH?
• Is the process of looking at something very small the same as looking at something very far away? If not how and why is it different?
• Do different animals have different tolerance levels for radiation?
• Why is iron-56 less abundant in the Earth's crust than in its core and mantle?
• How does the Earth's outgoing radiation attain equilibrium with incoming radiation?

AskScience AMA Series: We're Chris Joyce, a science correspondent for NPR, and Rebecca Davis, a senior producer with NPR's science desk. Ask us anything about plastic pollution! Posted: 30 Jan 2019 04:00 AM PST We've been taking a closer look at plastics and the plastic waste that's showing up all over the world. Global plastic production has grown to 420 million tons in 2015, and some plastics will last for centuries or even longer. NPR most recently published a story looking at efforts in the Philippines to hold major brands accountable for the plastic waste from their products and another story profiling two teenage sisters from Indonesia who've been campaigning to ban plastic bags. Here we are ready to go at 1 PM (ET, 17 UT)! Follow Chris and Rebecca or the NPR Science desk on Twitter, and ask us anything! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

If a 20 year old gets an organ transplant from a 50 year old, 30 years later is that organ functioning as if it were 80 years old or 50 years old? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 04:32 AM PST submitted by /u/GrumpyWendigo [link] [comments]

[Physics] if you cool the radioactive isotope to absolute zero, would it decay? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 07:08 AM PST in theory, at least. If I remember correctly I don't think you can cool things truly to absolute zero. Would the half-life change at a temperature very close to absolute zero? submitted by /u/MDCCCLXV [link] [comments]

Does be under heavy anesthesia for 8 hours function the same as sleeping for 8 hours? (are you "rested"?) Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:02 PM PST submitted by /u/voozik [link] [comments]

Why do these polar vortex things keep happening? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 04:33 AM PST submitted by /u/the_long_tree_boy [link] [comments]

What plesiomorphic traits have Humans retained from our Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) with Chimpanzees and Bonobos which Chimps and Bonobos have lost or modified? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 08:29 AM PST submitted by /u/CalibanDrive [link] [comments]

When launching a rocket into space on the West Coast, does it require more energy since your going against the rotation of the Earth? Posted: 30 Jan 2019 08:01 AM PST So when SpaceX launches a rocket from Cape Canaveral the rocket is going with the rotation of the Earth (over the water) But when SpaceX launches from Vandenberg and the rocket goes against the rotation of earth (over the water) does it require more energy? For example: If the rotation speed at the launch site is 500mph does it slow the rocket down 500mph (if on the west coast) as for the East Coast it "gives" 500mph for free. submitted by /u/Tommy099431 [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology Posted: 30 Jan 2019 07:11 AM PST Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

How accurate are people when self-diagnosing mental illness, and how accurate are people at identifying contributing factors to their own disorders? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:00 PM PST On the one hand, people have privileged information about themselves. On the other hand people have inherent bias about themselves! Is there any research on the ability of people to accurately self diagnose or identify things like depression, PTSD, anxiety, etc? And then further, are people generally accurate when identifying likely contributing factors such as events, environmental conditions, etc. to their own disorders? Thanks in advance! submitted by /u/tosseriffic [link] [comments]

When a new particle like the Higgs Boson is discovered at LHC, how can physicists tell that the particle they’re “seeing” is one they’ve never seen before? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 04:45 PM PST For example they say they have evidence of seeing the Higgs boson, but what do they physically interpret that tells them "oh, this is a new thing we haven't seen?" submitted by /u/dylanobilly [link] [comments]

Does the pressure at the bottom of the ocean affect its freezing temperature? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:12 PM PST First, let me clarify something. If I fill a relatively unbreakable container completely with water and place it in the freezer, it won't freeze. This is because water expands when it freezes. Assuming I'm right about that, lets say the water beneath the polar ice cap drops below 0 degrees Celcius. Salinity aside, would the pressure at that depth prevent, or at least make it more difficult for, the water to expand as it freezes? And if so, would it still freeze, but just at a lower temperature? Is the pressure created by water depth the same thing as pressure from an outside source? submitted by /u/Krazy-Kat15 [link] [comments]

Can someone help me understand how cryolipolysis or "cool sculpting" actually works and any negative affects it may have? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:09 PM PST All the articles i read tell me how it works but nothing really explaining why it works, any help connecting the dots is fully appreciated. submitted by /u/gimmethemcheese [link] [comments]

Given Dark Matters proposed gravitational effects, why is it more often represented as a halo around a galaxy as oppose to spheres similar to stars? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 11:07 PM PST submitted by /u/WeHoRaveLife [link] [comments]

Why are flights being cancelled throughout the midwest due to freezing cold weather? At cruising altitude, aren't the temperatures just as bad? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 08:35 PM PST (Not sure whether to flair as Engineering, Physics, or Chemistry.) submitted by /u/clayt6 [link] [comments]

What variables account for the chances of an asteroid striking the earth? If scientists say X rock has a one in a thousand chance of hitting the earth, how do they come up with these odds? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 08:10 PM PST submitted by /u/throwaway391124 [link] [comments]

Why are some drugs injected directly into the vein while others can just be injected into the arm or leg? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:53 PM PST submitted by /u/jeremykelly1 [link] [comments]

In a zero-gravity environment, does acceleration of a spacecraft opposite the inertial vector generate "artificial gravity" for the passengers? E.g. decelerating from high speed upon reaching the halfway point of an interstellar journey. Posted: 29 Jan 2019 04:42 PM PST submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_REPO [link] [comments]

Does solar exposure affect soil pH? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 09:19 AM PST When I search the literature I'm only finding articles about plants and microorganisms in the soil but I am talking about direct effects on soil pH. My guess is that photons don't have an effect on the hydrogen ions in the soil directly but this is not my field of study submitted by /u/DO_YOU_ENJOY_MY_____ [link] [comments]

Is the process of looking at something very small the same as looking at something very far away? If not how and why is it different? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 11:26 AM PST submitted by /u/Ciddie [link] [comments]

Do different animals have different tolerance levels for radiation? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 03:10 PM PST As an example of what I mean, would a source of radiation that would kill a human in ten hours kill a rabbit for example in only one or two? I'm aware that no amount of radiation is "safe", but what I mean is, are the lethal levels different for different animals? submitted by /u/Caz-9 [link] [comments]

Why is iron-56 less abundant in the Earth's crust than in its core and mantle? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 04:26 PM PST I understand that 56Fe is the most stable nucleus that forms in the universe, and though it is abundant on Earth, it is only the fourth most common element making up the Earth's crust. What processes in the formation of Earth caused it to be so concentrated at the core in particular? If it has to do with the high density of the element, why does it still exist in the crust in relatively high amounts compared to other elements? ​ Thanks! : -) Sorry if this is a bit confusing... I'm a second year geology student studying geochemistry. submitted by /u/___toulouse___ [link] [comments]

How does the Earth's outgoing radiation attain equilibrium with incoming radiation? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 04:21 PM PST Apologies that this is so long. I'm not really sure that I could summarize it any more succinctly, so thanks in advance to anyone who bothers to read through it all! Science has always been a difficult subject for me to understand, and I lack much of an education in even basic physics - which means that my decision to try and learn the science behind climate change through the internet was probably a bad idea, haha. One concept that's been explained to me by several people is that if the Earth had no greenhouse gases, the amount of radiation emitted by the Earth's surface would be in equilibrium with the amount of radiation absorbed by the Earth. But because the Earth's atmosphere does have greenhouse gases, most radiation emitted by the Earth's "surface" can't escape into space. And so, instead, there's an altitude in the atmosphere called the "effective emission height", at which outgoing radiation is equal to incoming radiation. In order for the effective emission height to actually emit as much radiation as the Earth absorbs, it has to have a temperature of 255.20 K, which is known as the Earth's equilibrium temperature. But currently, the Earth's effective emission height is only 255.04 K, which means that the amount of radiation emitted from that altitude is actually somewhat less than the amount of radiation absorbed by the Earth. This is why the Earth's average temperatures are currently increasing, and the Earth's temperatures will continue to increase until the effective emission height warms up to the equilibrium temperature. Because the amount of radiation absorbed by the Earth currently exceeds the amount of radiation emitted by the Earth, the amount of thermal energy present on Earth is increasing. Some of this additional thermal energy remains around the Earth's surface, increasing surface temperatures, and some of this additional thermal energy is making its way up through the atmosphere, increasing temperatures at higher altitudes. Once enough thermal energy is added to the Earth to warm the effective emission height's temperature to 255.20 K, the Earth will regain equilibrium and stop warming - so long as the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere doesn't increase (and obviously, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing, which shifts the effective emission height to a higher, colder temperature, and so we're unlikely to attain equilibrium anytime soon). Or at least...that's how I understood what was told to me. But it's now starting to seem like I'm not putting this together properly. I was recently talking with someone who seems to have a very strong physics background. Early in our conversation, this person said: What happens as the land and oceans get warmer? They will emit more thermal radiation, which will raise the temperature at the emission height until it balances the equilibrium temperature. When this happens, the planet won't be banking thermal energy any more, and and the global mean surface temperature will stop rising. This seems to match-up with what I just summarized. But later in our conversation, this person said: The Earth doesn't gain equilibrium by using thermal energy to warm the air at a certain height. That's not how any of this works. When I pointed out that this second statement seems to contradict the first and asked for clarification, this person replied that they were unable to explain the distinction between their two statements, because my background in physics wasn't strong enough (and again, it's quite true that I barely understand any basic physics, aside from a scattering of things that have been explained to me on Reddit over the last few months). The person also recommended that I watch this video, paying special attention to the part about the "adiabatic lapse rate". So I watched the video and pointed out that the instructor makes the following two statements: You heat up the ground. The ground starts transferring that energy back up, some of it through convection, some of it through radiation, some of it through the water cycle. So basically the energy starts working its way up through the atmosphere. Eventually you reach a point where you're high enough in the atmosphere, there's little enough of that gas above your head, the infrared radiation can just escape out there into space...so this is the level of the atmosphere that you have to heat up to that minus eighteen degrees centigrade, in order to get the balance between the energy coming out and the energy coming in. Both of those quotes seem to support my initial understanding of the concepts, and also seem to line up with this person's first statement that I quoted. But when I asked the person again if they could clarify their second statement, they said that they couldn't. They also said: Of course the air at the emission height will have to get warmer before equilibrium is reached. If you want to take that super-literally, then yes, this happens by thermal energy being added to the air. That is literally a thing that happens. What I'm saying is that this completely misses the point of what is involved in equilibrium being reached. I have absolutely no idea what this person is trying to communicate to me, so I thought I'd start a new thread and see if someone else is following what the person is saying. Can anyone with a firm grasp on this topic understand what it is that I'm missing? Thanks! submitted by /u/JFox93 [link] [comments]

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Was Venus ever within the habitable zone of our Sun?

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• Was Venus ever within the habitable zone of our Sun?
• Supernova explosions are caused by the star's matter collapsing in on itself and then bouncing back out. This matter moves beyond the initial radius of the star. Where does this energy come from that allows this star matter to travel out into the universe?
• How does drano unclog drains?
• If space is ever so expanding, do we seen new/farther everyday we take photos of the outer edges of space? Do we add on to “observable universe” everyday too?
• I'm reading about the electrical system of a dual engine aircraft. It says that the maximum load for single generator operation is 400 amps up until 32,500 feet. Then the max is 280 (the max load with dual generators working). Why does altitude matter in the electrical system?
• If the temperature of a gas reaches absolute zero, what would happen to the volume, rather, what would the volume be?
• Why does paraffin wax, as a solid, float in water, but sink when in a lava lamp?
• What is so terrible about pulling out your flash drive too soon?
• How does cell phone use in classrooms change the class average grades?
• When medicines say "take with food", what happens at the biological level that changes the way the medicine interacts with you?
• How did we determine dogs were colorblind?
• Can you explain, to the layperson, how the Universe is Flat?
• What's the smallest fusion reactor possible?
• What causes some planets to have an atmosphere?
• If cherenkov radiation were to occur in air, would the light be in the visible spectrum? If so, what colour would be produced?
• Is there dark matter all around us or just in space?
• How does radiation cause cancer?
• What is the most widely accepted theory on why Uranus is so much colder than Neptune?
• What is happening neurologically when someone passes out from too much alcohol intake?

Was Venus ever within the habitable zone of our Sun? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 10:45 PM PST It is a known fact that main sequence stars increase their luminosity over time, as helium accumulates in their cores. Even though our own sun will be around for ~5 billion more years, it will have gotten bright enough 500 million years from now to have boiled away our oceans. So what if we turn back the clock? Was there a time, say, 3 billion years ago, when the current orbit of Venus would've been within the habitable zone? Would it have been in the habitable zone at the time (considering how chaotic the early solar system was, it's likely that all of the planets moved at least a little bit, IIRC)? Is it still within the habitable zone now? EDIT: Torn between "astronomy" and "planetary science" flairs. submitted by /u/EvilStevilTheKenevil [link] [comments]

Supernova explosions are caused by the star's matter collapsing in on itself and then bouncing back out. This matter moves beyond the initial radius of the star. Where does this energy come from that allows this star matter to travel out into the universe? Posted: 29 Jan 2019 02:21 AM PST Just like how a ball won't bounce back beyond its original point of release, or how a pendulum will never swing past its original position. Where does this energy come from in the case of the matter that is flung away from dying stars? submitted by /u/Flying_Dutchmann [link] [comments]

How does drano unclog drains? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 04:27 PM PST submitted by /u/Hispanic_whale [link] [comments]

If space is ever so expanding, do we seen new/farther everyday we take photos of the outer edges of space? Do we add on to “observable universe” everyday too? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 09:12 PM PST submitted by /u/Tommy099431 [link] [comments]

I'm reading about the electrical system of a dual engine aircraft. It says that the maximum load for single generator operation is 400 amps up until 32,500 feet. Then the max is 280 (the max load with dual generators working). Why does altitude matter in the electrical system? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 05:38 PM PST This is in an engine out scenario with only one operating generator. submitted by /u/RigbysLowerHalf [link] [comments]

If the temperature of a gas reaches absolute zero, what would happen to the volume, rather, what would the volume be? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 08:42 PM PST submitted by /u/JoeJenda [link] [comments]

Why does paraffin wax, as a solid, float in water, but sink when in a lava lamp? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 04:40 PM PST submitted by /u/thrasonical [link] [comments]

What is so terrible about pulling out your flash drive too soon? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 12:15 PM PST submitted by /u/breakninja [link] [comments]

How does cell phone use in classrooms change the class average grades? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 06:05 PM PST I know many studies have been done between the correlation between cell phone use while trying to take notes/pay attention in class, but have any studies been done over time? For example, how does the class average of an intro to psychology class today compare to the class average of the same class 10 years ago, when cell phone/laptop use was not prevalent in class ? (and we can assume that students took better notes/were able to retain more information) submitted by /u/benjifranklin69 [link] [comments]

When medicines say "take with food", what happens at the biological level that changes the way the medicine interacts with you? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 12:39 PM PST Also, does the amount of food you eat matter, or does that depend on the medicine? submitted by /u/lindymad [link] [comments]

How did we determine dogs were colorblind? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 11:05 AM PST submitted by /u/Dr-Yesman [link] [comments]

Can you explain, to the layperson, how the Universe is Flat? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 06:27 PM PST I was just listening to the latest Joe Rogan podcast featuring Brian Cox. It was an amazing, mind blowing discussion, but I have such a difficult time understanding what it means when an astrophysicist describes the universe as Flat. From my perspective, standing on earth, I can look at the sky north, south, east and west and I believe (perhaps erroneously) that space extends billions of light years in every direction. Same with my buddy on the other side of the world. So I guess in my layman's mind I see space as an object that extends infinitely in three dimensions, which to me doesn't seem flat. Can someone help me understand this concept correctly? submitted by /u/MyNameIsntReuben [link] [comments]

What's the smallest fusion reactor possible? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 01:28 PM PST I know that we have trouble making energy positive fusion reactors already. That aside, is there a minimum mass one could achieve sustained fusion with, regardless of pressure and temperature? Is this smallest size any different than the smallest theoretical size to achieve energy-positive fusion with? Do different fusion reactor designs have different minimums? submitted by /u/AsexyBastard [link] [comments]

What causes some planets to have an atmosphere? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 08:19 AM PST This seems like an incredibly stupid question (so stupid that I'd rather ask reddit than check with my professor, lest she think worse of me for it), but I realized the other day that I genuinely don't know why planets have atmospheres. The gas seems like it should move out into the vacuum of space. I'm assuming it's gravity that keeps it from doing that, but I don't really understand how. My understanding of how gravity works is that each object exerts a force proportional to its mass, which makes sense for objects on the earth, but gas has such small, far-apart molecules that move so quickly. And in that case, why do some planets not have an atmosphere, when some do? Is it just based on the planet's size? Or are there other factors to it? submitted by /u/countesscephalopod [link] [comments]

If cherenkov radiation were to occur in air, would the light be in the visible spectrum? If so, what colour would be produced? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 03:36 PM PST submitted by /u/-norby- [link] [comments]

Is there dark matter all around us or just in space? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 11:59 AM PST And if it is just in space, why is it there and not here? If it is all around us, is it in the same place as regular ( visible?) matter? Does it inhabit the same place but not the same dimension? submitted by /u/Sorombasa [link] [comments]

How does radiation cause cancer? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 02:40 PM PST I learned that it is some kind of small particles? submitted by /u/LOKSTED [link] [comments]

What is the most widely accepted theory on why Uranus is so much colder than Neptune? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 10:40 AM PST I can assume a large part could be attributed to it's orientation, but is the make up of its atmosphere or a potentially cooler core attributable to this as well? Does it have a unique composition or anything specific that might lead to the cooler temperatures as well? submitted by /u/DWill88 [link] [comments]

What is happening neurologically when someone passes out from too much alcohol intake? Posted: 28 Jan 2019 10:26 AM PST Also, what makes someone exhausted and craving sleep when they've drunk too much? submitted by /u/pardon_the_mess [link] [comments]

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