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Saturday, December 1, 2018

What is "foaming at the mouth" and what exactly causes it?

What is "foaming at the mouth" and what exactly causes it?


What is "foaming at the mouth" and what exactly causes it?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 05:52 AM PST

When someone foams at the mouth due to rabies or a seizure or whatever else causes it, what is the "foam"? Is it an excess of saliva? I'm aware it is exaggerated in t.v and film.

submitted by /u/GigaHunter93
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Does the force of ejaculation influence the probability of impregnation, or is this only determined by the swimming speed of individual sperm cells?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 07:50 AM PST

Seeing as the speed of sound is the speed at which sound waves translate through the air (roughly) Does that mean the speed of sound is slower at, say 60,000’ than Sea Level?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 05:50 AM PST

Why is it that when you rub your eyes you start seeing weird colours and patterns?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 03:16 AM PST

I've heard about efforts to eliminate mosquitoes by genetically modifying them to be sterile. How would the gene spread if the individuals with this gene couldn't have any offspring?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 11:33 PM PST

What causes phosphorescence in the ocean?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 06:58 AM PST

And is there a correlation between red tide and phosphorescence

submitted by /u/hd_40307_g
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Since objects get denser as they get colder, would you be able to get ice that was cold enough to sink in water?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 03:04 AM PST

Between cycloalkyl substituent and double bond in an alkene which one has higher priority ?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 06:05 AM PST

Why can you only get black widow antivenom once in your lifetime?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 09:10 PM PST

If an animal within a group (chimps, wolves, etc.) is infertile, are they ostracized by others of their group, or is it not 'noticed' at all?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 08:11 AM PST

As the title says! I've been reading up on evolution, and for some reason this question came to my mind. The book (The Human Body) puts a lot of emphasis on how natural selection played a role in making our bodies are they are, obviously through breeding 'advantageous' characteristics, and it made me wonder what happens to animals in the wild who are infertile.

I had a quick look on the internet, of course, but really couldn't find much in the way of evidence to answer my question.

So:

Is infertility 'noticed' somehow by the whole community (e.g. horde of chimps or pack of wolves?). After all, these animals can smell/sense/see when a female is in her most fertile period, so is it possible they can also sense when one of their females/males is infertile?

What happens if such a thing is 'found out'? Will the animals be ostracized for not being able to breed?

Does it affect their individual behaviour in any way, e.g. do female animals feel more motherly or less towards offspring from different females?

PS: Yes, I am aware all of what I have said it really really generalized and a lot of species will differ from each other in this regard, but I'm only looking for a simple, basic overview. Also, please don't nitpick about what evolution/natural selection really is, but focus on the question at hand. I have not explained either of the concepts very well, most likely. I am not a biologist. I'm simply interested and would like to know the answer to my question, not fight about what evolution and natural selection are in detail.

submitted by /u/Calathe
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What methods do scientists use to reconstruct dinosaur postures from discovered fossils?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 11:19 PM PST

I had a thought today, specifically about Brachiosaurus and its portrayal of constantly holding its head extremely high up. This posture doesn't seem to make sense to me. Based on theories about bird ancestry tying in to dinosaurs, would it make more sense to reconstruct the dinosaur keeping its neck in a tight S-shape like modern birds?

The green heron is a great example of what i'm talking about, with its resting neck posture giving it a relatively short and neck-less appearance due to feather coverage, but its neck can extend to many times its resting length.

How strongly does evidence point towards the current depiction? Could it be because the neck-extending action of birds is more of an attack mechanism for capturing small prey, and the Brachiosaurus is thought to have eaten from tall trees?

Though my idea was specific to one species, I'd still like to know what goes into the reconstruction of dinosaur posture in general. With mostly bones to go on, how does the paleontological community decide how a dinosaur would stand or how it would move?

submitted by /u/integral-e-to-the-x
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Does an unbound electron have transnational energy levels as it moves through space?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 04:43 PM PST

Genetically speaking, why is inbreeding bad? What happens with the genes, why do mutations occur?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 04:12 AM PST

What happens to the elastic potential energy stored in a deformed body when the body breaks or enters plastic deformation?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 08:35 PM PST

Can Radio Telescopes pick up strong signals outside of where they aim?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 02:52 AM PST

The purpose of my question is for a science fantasy story I've been making. In it, the sun gives off a distinct signal that suggests life—Not life on the sun, but in it. Was the sun to send a radio message to Earth, would radio telescopes be able to pick it up if they weren't aimed at the sun? How far off could these telescopes be aimed before they'd pick it up?

submitted by /u/Boomsta22
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Has the Poincaré Recurrence Theorem been observed for in a real system? Can we build a sufficiently small system where this can be achieved?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 02:48 AM PST

What happens to our stomach that makes us vomit when we eat too much food?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 01:10 AM PST

Will the two Mars rovers ever meet? And if so would they be programmed to recognize each other?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 05:28 PM PST

Why does your risk of cancer increase as you age? Don't your cells divide less as you get older?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 10:58 AM PST

Is there a unit for pain?

Posted: 01 Dec 2018 12:15 AM PST

How do Bacteriophages know their targets and how to get to them?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 11:53 PM PST

What is the functional difference between taking a blood sample and taking a urine analysis test?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 04:12 PM PST

What information can you get from both/one vs. The other

submitted by /u/Procrusties
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What is the difference between Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(vCJD)?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 11:28 PM PST

Is the difference just the origin of the disease? Don't really get it. Thanks!

submitted by /u/GGTheBrigadier
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Friday, November 30, 2018

the ISS is a pretty well closed system. Every astronaut has brought their own microbiome, do we know anything about what they leave behind and what survives?

the ISS is a pretty well closed system. Every astronaut has brought their own microbiome, do we know anything about what they leave behind and what survives?


the ISS is a pretty well closed system. Every astronaut has brought their own microbiome, do we know anything about what they leave behind and what survives?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 10:41 AM PST

It would be pretty cool to know which strains of microflora were brought aboard & by whom. I would imagine some stick around for a long time & some disappear as soon as a particular astronaut leaves.

Is the air and dust in the ISS just as alive and diverse as on earth? If you took all the people out of the ISS what would the ecosystem look like? If you left food out would one or two strains ultimately dominate or would there be constant flux?

I'm just curious about what microflora might do on a spaceship. Is every nook and cranny going to be overgrown with fungus after 10 years? I'd love to hear any speculation, wild or not.

Thanks askscience

submitted by /u/mule_roany_mare
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Why does a phase to phase electrictrical contact result in an explosion?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 06:07 AM PST

I'm looking for the actual physics of why this occurs.

In regards to a three phase system, when you connect A and B phase, or B and C or A and C this results in an explosion in the transformer.

Why is that?

submitted by /u/Picards-Flute
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It is estimated that there are between 1-10 quadrillion ants on Earth. How did we come to that number?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 09:24 PM PST

What's the average gap distance between current collectors in Supercapacitors?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 08:06 AM PST

Studying various high capacitance Supercapacitor designs, it seems that the area of the electrode plates are large, and the gap-distance between those elements are quite small, however, what is the average gap-distance measured to be?

Some source cite it to be "order of a few ångströms" or a few micrometers.

To clarify: The gap distance "d" is the same variable used in the capacitance equation, the distance between the two plates.

submitted by /u/9tothe9
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Do protons and neutrons have the same mass, or are they slightly different?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 05:45 AM PST

Because in beta decay, a neutron is converted to a proton and an electron, so I thought they might be different.

Also, as a follow-up, is the mass of a proton plus the mass of an electron equal to the mass of a neutron or are there other particles in play?

submitted by /u/Sunov
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What do the "L-", "D-", "R-" and "S-" prefixes for molecules mean?

Posted: 30 Nov 2018 04:15 AM PST

for example, there is L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, and I don't understand what the difference between the two is

submitted by /u/gedankenlos
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Why does depth of field in cameras decrease with an increase in aperture?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 08:22 PM PST

Are there any male-specific consequences of being underweight?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 04:15 PM PST

Most websites talk about the deleterious effects of being underweight on women - such as irregular menstruation and decreased bone density - but I was wondering how much of the health consequences of being underweight in women overlaps with men, and if there are any male-specific consequences of being underweight. Or are there no male-specific consequences of being underweight?

submitted by /u/KalaArtemisia
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The human heart is asymmetrical, which is why it is felt more easily on the left side of the chest (fairly consistently in humans). During fetal development, what signals do the individual cells use to "know" which side is left vs. right while differentiating to make the organ?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 07:41 PM PST

I've been thinking about this topic, and it makes sense how cells can "know" (please excuse the terminology) up from down, as there is gravity. However, in making asymmetrical organs such as the heart, how do the cells distinguish left from right before differentiating to develop the organ?

submitted by /u/ladychad
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Does the spin of all the particles in an atom's nucleus face the same way? If so, does this also affect the electrons?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 10:34 PM PST

How does blowing on something cool it off? Is it different for solids vs liquids or is the overall premise the same?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 06:36 PM PST

Do mosquitoes have a preferred blood type?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 10:19 AM PST

I'm asking because I'm usually the one in my dorm that gets surrounded by mosquitoes while my friends are relatively better off. Is it because of my blood type or does body odor has something to do with it?

submitted by /u/BiskyFrisket
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After light slows traveling through a medium, does it accelerate back to c upon reentering a vacuum or does it remain the same velocity as it was the moment it exited the medium?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 11:51 AM PST

If there are so many satellites and more orbiting around the earth, how can we ensure that they not collide?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 09:40 AM PST

First post yay

submitted by /u/Lmntron
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How does the perception of spice scale?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 01:12 PM PST

With the YouTube show Hot Ones, the host and guest eat increasingly spicier wings as the interview goes on.

Why does it seem that the 100k-300k Scoville range hits much harder than the 1m-2m Scoville range?

submitted by /u/PHealthy
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Why do clear plastics turn milky white when twisted or bent?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 02:18 PM PST

Like when you twist a plastic water bottle and it turns that milky whitish color, why is that?

submitted by /u/bww1380
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If the theory is that Life On Earth started with some primordial chemical reactions accidentally triggered, then is it possible that in the billions of years that have passed we have had this happen again and we have multiple roots for life?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 07:13 AM PST

How do gut microbes get passed from mother to child if the microbes live in the intestines and the baby passes through the vagina?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 09:25 AM PST

Wouldn't it be different microbes in the vagina vs the gut? If not, why/how do those same microbes get to the vagina?

I understand that sometimes the mother defecates during pregnancy and that sometimes this is a method of inoculation, but seems like it doesn't always happen

submitted by /u/whiskeyinthewell
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What are the advantages/disadvantages for an organism to having a small or a large number of chromosome pairs?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 09:54 AM PST

How many planets have we found like earth? And how many of them are in a good distance for us?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 10:00 AM PST

Thursday, November 29, 2018

How bright would Andromeda be if it were a quasar?

How bright would Andromeda be if it were a quasar?


How bright would Andromeda be if it were a quasar?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 11:43 PM PST

If there were only two objects in the universe, how would we know which is moving away from which? Or would we know?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 02:24 AM PST

Let's say in the whole universe there are only 2 stars and they are moving away from each other at different velocities. Would we know each star's velocity without the reference point of a 3rd object? If they are rotating around each other to the point where they are always the same exact distance from each other would we even know, or as far as we knew they would be considered to not be moving/not have any velocity?

If there were only one object in the universe, let's say me, am I effectively not moving, or would there be any way to tell I'm moving and in what direction?

submitted by /u/liddieskeet
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To what degree can lungs repair damage caused by smoking?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 02:11 PM PST

I'm wondering how this varies for different frequencies of smoking - and whether damage can repair at all. And, of course, how do you know/ what metrics are there, if any. Soz if wrong sub.

submitted by /u/Molotov_Is_Dead
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Why are horns / trumpets shaped the way that they are? How does the flair increase volume?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 05:47 PM PST

Are there predators in the microscopic world?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 10:47 PM PST

I've been thinking a lot about how life is sustained on earth by consuming. There are top predators all the way down the food chain such as this cat. I was wondering about microscopic world, are there any awesome predators in the microscopic world?

submitted by /u/Ffaattccaatt2
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Do we know anything of prehistoric fruits and vegetables?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 03:45 PM PST

Are there any fossils of plants that were once edible or could be edible by humans today?

submitted by /u/Red-Luft-Clouds
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How do they isolate the exact antibodies they want for an immunoglobulin shot?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 09:37 PM PST

Apparently IVIG is just a bunch of random antibodies (which I'd also like to know how they separate that from blood).

The immunoglobulin shot is specific. HOW do they get the correct antibodies they want out?

submitted by /u/SecondTimePreggo
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Can two quanta interact with an electron at the same time in the photoelectric effect?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 03:29 AM PST

I was studying the photoelectric effect at school the other day and I was wondering if two photons that do not have enough energy to eject an electron on their own, can interact with the electron at the same time and extract it out of the metal; unfortunately the teacher didn't know the answer....and couldn't find a concrete answer on the web.

submitted by /u/Apaconcrack
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Is it possible to calibrate an optical instrument using the cosmic background radiation as a source?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 02:35 AM PST

Have any spacecraft instruments been calibrated against the 2.725K CBR? If so, what were the main issues that had to be solved to perform such operation? I was wondering specifically whether It'd be necessary to cool the instrument below that temperature to be able to effectively measure the CBR without noise.

submitted by /u/danilon62
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Why is Ca(OH) a bad conductor of electricity even though its a strong base ?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 01:01 AM PST

Why did steam locomotives not push the trains?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 02:10 PM PST

Steam locomotives produce a lot of smoke from the coal fire.
That used to be an issue for the passengers on the train, especially in tunnels. It meant that in the first wagons, it was impossible to open a window without getting black smoke inside.

So why weren't the engines pushing the train instead?

submitted by /u/I-_-II
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Why is the electricity that sometimes pops from an electrical socket blue, but lightning is yellow? ⚡️

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 10:31 PM PST

Are venomous snakes immune to other snakes, or other kinds of snake’s, venom?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 03:58 PM PST

How can a pot plant live for years in the same soil without starving from eating all the nutrients in the soil?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 01:25 PM PST

What do we know about the origin of comets?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 11:11 PM PST

How do ice comets form, and how much do we know about where and how they were formed? What are the popular theories about this?

submitted by /u/BlueEyedGeekery
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In regards to the recent missionary who died trying to contact a remote tribe on Sentinel Island, much has been made about how he could have decimated the tribe with modern disease. Assuming administration was possible - would simple antibiotics mitigate this risk? If not, would modern medicine?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 01:10 PM PST

Do high electron affinities imply that materials are good conductors?

Posted: 29 Nov 2018 01:04 AM PST

How much natural gas is in a gas shale deposit?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 04:12 PM PST

I don't mean how much natural gas reserves are in shale deposits, but rather, what is the grade of a shale gas reserve? If you were able to dig out the shale deposit from underground and look at it independent of the surrounding rock, how many cubic feet of gas would you get out of every tonne or cubic meter of rock?

submitted by /u/fourthirds
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Is ALS more common today than in the past?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 11:59 AM PST

I'm willing to consider the fact that we're just more aware of it as a society after the ice bucket challenge, but it seems much more common today.

submitted by /u/tuuper25
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What changes led to the massive polio outbreaks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 10:16 AM PST

Polio has been around for a long time, but this morning I learned that there weren't any (recorded) major outbreaks anywhere in the world before the mid-1800s...yet by the early 1900s there were paralytic outbreaks all over the world crippling thousands of children. I have been searching for explanations but, outside of a small number of anti-vax sites, I haven't found any (non-paywalled) attempts to explain what drove the switch from a slow drip of isolated cases to massive terrifying outbreaks.

So...what happened? Do scientists suspect that a more dangerous strain emerged? Some change environmentally or socially? What made poliovirus so much more scary in such a short period of time?

submitted by /u/djublonskopf
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If you had 2 glasses of water,one at 40°c and one at 0°c and left them out in a table in a room,would they both reach room temperature of 20°c at the same time?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 10:07 AM PST

Why is getting oxygen into the bloodstream bad?

Posted: 28 Nov 2018 01:39 PM PST

I heard that doctors would squeeze the syringes to get air out because they don't want air in the blood stream, but why is getting oxygen in veins bad? If a doctor gets oxygen into the bloodstream, won't it just diffuse into the blood and oxygenate the blood?

submitted by /u/GangstaKev
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