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Saturday, November 24, 2018

Are there any known examples of domesticated mammals becoming extinct?

Are there any known examples of domesticated mammals becoming extinct?


Are there any known examples of domesticated mammals becoming extinct?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 10:20 AM PST

Could a single celestial body be as large as the Milky Way galaxy? If not, what is restricting the size of it?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 06:23 AM PST

How do ovums prevent excess sperm cells from entering them when they've already fused with one?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 06:30 AM PST

How are mineral deficiencies even possible in adults? Minerals don't degrade or "break down" in enzymatic reactions (unlike many molecules), so can't the body completely stop excreting them if intake is low?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 06:28 AM PST

Mineral deficiencies are possible in mammals when subjected to dietary restriction of said minerals.

Why are those deficiencies even possible, though? It is understandable why vitamin deficiencies are possible; Different vitamins (molecules) are used for X and Y, and then break down to useless molecules, requiring daily intake to keep a normal concentration.

The same does not apply to minerals. Magnesium, for instance; in the body, Mg2+ ions participate in 300+ enzymatic reactions, making Mg a major electrolyte required in large amounts in the diet. However, Mg2+ can't degrade or break down like molecules can (due to it already being a single atom/ion), so technically speaking, it could be recycled indefinitely in adults (children, but not adults, have rapidly growing bodies so it makes sense they would need it).

Yes, there's the fact that some endogenous chemicals require Magnesium to even function, like ATP, which is only active as Mg-ATP. That still doesn't defy my point - when Mg-ATP complex is broken down after it was used for energy production, the Mg2+ ion is released and can be reused for any purpose.

submitted by /u/SuperAgonist
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How old is Earth's oldest ice? What was going on when it froze?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 09:45 PM PST

How did the tribal people of the Sentinel Island reached there in first place ?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 10:34 PM PST

How the island got inhabited in first place thousand of years ago? The only way to reach there was through ships in past. But if they even don't know how to start fire or do agriculture, then reaching the island by boat for them is not an option.

submitted by /u/SupaComputah
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Was the development team of the first atomic bomb surprised by the size of the explosion or had they calculated how much energy would be released before the first explosion?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 12:08 PM PST

Why is it that certain mammals carry a risk for rabies, but rodents do not?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 08:59 PM PST

In the title I mean small indoor rodents, not necessarily larger ones like a groundhog or beaver.

I understand that certain animal populations pose a threat for this disease such as bats or raccoons (in the United States), and an experience with either of these would require urgent medical treatment.

However, I learned that small rodents (rats and mice) are almost never infected in the wild and have never transmitted the disease to humans in the US.

I went to see medical professionals a while ago because I had a small mouse in my living area at the time, it licked my foot but I had a sock on. I removed the sock shortly afterward and I'm pretty sure nothing got on my hands. I was just concerned (I deal with anxiety at times) even if in hindsight it was unnecessary. They told me not to worry and since there was zero risk, there is nothing that needs to be done.

Out of curiosity, why are small rodents capable of spreading certain other diseases, but never this one? If a small rodent was attacked by an infected carrier, would it die almost immediately? Appreciate all knowledgeable answers.

submitted by /u/IEatPastaFrequently
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Is there a material which giving energy (heat) makes it colder?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 05:17 AM PST

I was reading through a physics class annotations and there was this statement:

"Generally, heat absorption results in an increase of temperature".

submitted by /u/iloveumariaxzz
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How do those flavor changing berries work?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 12:05 AM PST

I think many people have heard about those berries that supposedly make sour things sweet and vice versa but how do they actually work?

submitted by /u/figgernaggotXP
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What happens when I jump inside a space centrifuge?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 11:56 PM PST

Let's say it's a fairly low-acceleration centrifuge, so I'll be able to jump quite 'high'. I preserve angular momentum and velocity, but where do I land?

submitted by /u/Milo_Y
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What attracts flies to feces?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 03:28 PM PST

Are there enough sugars, proteins and fats in shit to make a tasty meal for flies, that they can smell from a distance? Or are they being tricked somehow?

submitted by /u/ryuuhagoku
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Are tectonic plates moving faster in areas with frequent earthquakes?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 09:39 PM PST

When describing tectonic plate movements, scientists say that they move at quite slow speeds, measured in millimetres per year. At the same time, in places where earthquakes occur, a single powerful earthquake can cause ground movement of multiple meters all at once, orders of magnitude faster than millimetres per year. Isn't this contradictory? Shouldn't the tectonic plate movement be actually faster, taking the earthquake movement into account?

submitted by /u/IndependentGuy
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Why aren't rotational kinetic energy and translational kinetic energy as fundamentally distinct from one another as angular momentum and linear momentum?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 12:38 PM PST

Conservation of momentum and conservation of angular momentum each have, through Noether's theorem, their own associated fundamental symmetry of the universe: spatial symmetry and rotational symmetry respectively.

In (seeming) contrast, all different forms of energy -- translational, rotational, vibrational, nuclear, etc etc -- are lumped together in Noether's theorem, their collective conservation leading to (or being equivalent to) the universe's time symmetry. This makes sense, since you can convert any kind of energy into any other kind, so they are only conserved collectively.

But, rotational kinetic energy is directly associated with angular momentum (right?), and translational kinetic energy is directly associated with linear momentum (right?). So why are you able to convert between rotational and translational kinetic energies, but not between angular and linear momentums...momenta...?

submitted by /u/horacetheclown
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Did the dinosaur-apocalypse meteor's impact change the Earth's orbit or rotation?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 05:45 PM PST

What are the numerous smaller pipes and gauges seen on rocket engines?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 08:14 PM PST

I know the basics of how the Inert gas, fuel, Oxidizer and the turbines are fueled, but after many hours of looking I cannot find the use of all the other little pipes and gauges seen on the Space Shuttle or F1 engines... If anyone knows the answer of links that can be useful, please help, thanks in Advance! :)

submitted by /u/rancorjoy
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How do electrons or positrons come into existence during beta decay?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 01:24 PM PST

How is it possible for an electron or a positron to just come into existence during beta decay? What happens to the quarks that were previously inside the nucleons? Like in beta positive decay, how is a positron and a neutrino just produced from the nucleus, I don't understand how these particles can just come into existence when the proton that "decays" does not consist of those particles....

submitted by /u/CommonAge0
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Do stars make noises? Would we be able to hear the noises or sounds they emit?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 02:56 PM PST

What kind of animals inhabited north america before the native americans?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 07:37 PM PST

How do perennials know when it's spring?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 02:23 PM PST

In my experience, daffodils have always bloomed earlier than I expect due to receiving a couple warm days after a frost. How do perennials know when to bloom in warmer climates? And how exactly do bulbs know?

submitted by /u/fizicks11
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Are there any materials/metals that marine life (corals, barnacles, etc.) cannot grow on? If so, why?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 09:34 PM PST

How is it possible to merge or split photons around a neutron star if photons are elementary particles/waves?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 12:29 PM PST

According to this Wikipedia article , neutron stars' powerful magnetic fields can merge or split photons, but first of all, this makes about as much sense to me as splitting a quark -- you can't split something which is already the smallest possible unit of its kind. Second, how would it be possible to split or merge a photon if it has no mass?

submitted by /u/criostoirsullivan
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Friday, November 23, 2018

How do scientist determine bond angles and bond lengths in chemical compunds?

How do scientist determine bond angles and bond lengths in chemical compunds?


How do scientist determine bond angles and bond lengths in chemical compunds?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 11:49 PM PST

Does aphantasia affect people's ability to dream?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 07:42 PM PST

I've heard of a condition called aphantasia where in people have an extremely hard time visualizing objects in their mind or as some people say they have no "mind's eye." Is the visualization used in this instance the same that occurs during REM sleep? If they are not the same, does aphantasia affect people's ability to dream?

submitted by /u/oxyppgyn
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How do engineers of extremely powerful rocket engines, like the F-1, keep the thrust from crushing the engine itself?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 06:58 AM PST

Why are Horn Africans generally referred to as West Eurasian migrants to the region when it's believed to be the home of anatomically modern Homo sapiens?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 06:46 AM PST

How are scientists(generally) so sure that their Caucasoid or Ethiopid if you will appearance and genetical markers such as various haplogroups and autosomal components are not an indigenous evolution respective to the ancestral population of the area then spread via the Sinai and the Bab-el-Mandeb to Eurasia?

submitted by /u/degoobster
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What is Gödel’s incompleteness theorem and why is it important? How did it change math/physics ?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 04:49 PM PST

How uranium is replaced in the core once its entirely consumed?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 11:32 PM PST

Presently, we are studying how a nuclear plant works, and i was wondering how the uranium was replaced once its consumed, how often does it happens? how do they do?

submitted by /u/TheCakelsALie
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Birds of prey are infamous for their keen eyesight, but does this make their eyes more sensitive to light? Would looking at the sun be tougher for them than it is for humans? If so, do some birds of prey have an easier time with light than others?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 01:57 AM PST

A lot of sources online say that we’ve only discovered about 14 to 15% of over 8 million species on earth. I don’t understand how we know that there are 6.5 MM+ undiscovered species if we haven’t discovered them yet. how do we know what we don’t know?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 08:29 AM PST

When a psychotic hears voices in their heads, why is it always something like the neighbor's dog telling them to kill, not to plant a nice rose garden? Is it simply because the people who do plant rose gardens don't make the news, or is psychosis inherently violent?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 08:51 PM PST

Is there a consensus on the mechanism behind long runout landslides?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 07:06 AM PST

How does Bluetooth work, and why is it that only two devices can be connected at any given time?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 10:12 PM PST

To further elaborate on the second half, why can't I have Bluetooth send audio to both a headset and speakers, or multiple speakers in different locations? I understand why you can't have multiple "sending" devices trying to play sound, but why is the restriction on a single output device present?

submitted by /u/AnonQnA
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How do migratory habits develop in animals?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 06:38 AM PST

Considering global warming, it must create chaos in migratory paths of animals that have been doing it for centuries.

submitted by /u/VitorMaGon
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How does Molasses get nutrition when brown sugar has no nutrition? What happens in the manufacturing process to give the minerals its known for?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 05:51 AM PST

Why do we need to vaccinate children? Why don’t children inherit those helpful antibodies from their inoculated mothers?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 08:36 PM PST

How does torpor differ from sleep?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 12:42 AM PST

What are the effects of hormones and antibiotics in our food that are used today?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 03:57 AM PST

Why does wet grass get attached to your shoes when you run on it? What effect does water have on grass that makes it do this?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 03:30 AM PST

For example if you're wearing football boots and running on a wet pitch your boots get all grassy and unclean. Why does this happen differently when on a dry grassy pitch?

submitted by /u/fin_fs
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If there are diseases we can get from animals, that are harmless to them, are there disesases that we can unconciously give to animals?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 08:57 AM PST

Not sure if earth sciences are the correct field to ask, but it sounds correct

submitted by /u/Badde00
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Was there confirmed behaviours of animals washing themselves with certain substances to improve their body hygiene just like humans uses soup and the equivalent?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 02:51 AM PST

Do animal fathers know their the father?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 02:49 AM PST

Do they have a natural father instinct? What if they mate with multiple females?

submitted by /u/helloroll
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Why is a noble configuration of electrons more stable than having a neutral charge for an atom?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 04:40 PM PST

why would it be more stable for an atom to have a charge, than having an equal amount of protons and electrons?

submitted by /u/steve_french99
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Is there any difference on heart rate (how hard the heart pump) based on wether I'm sitting, or standing still or any other pose?

Posted: 23 Nov 2018 12:29 AM PST

Is there any difference on how hard the heart pumps blood if I'm sitting, standing still, laying on bed, Sitting with one leg folded above another?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/Pupper_Hugger
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Thursday, November 22, 2018

I've heard that the surface of a fast spinning neutron star(pulsar) rotates at about 5th the speed of light with respect to the centre. If so, then would the periphery experience Lorentz contraction? How would it affect the structure of the star?

I've heard that the surface of a fast spinning neutron star(pulsar) rotates at about 5th the speed of light with respect to the centre. If so, then would the periphery experience Lorentz contraction? How would it affect the structure of the star?


I've heard that the surface of a fast spinning neutron star(pulsar) rotates at about 5th the speed of light with respect to the centre. If so, then would the periphery experience Lorentz contraction? How would it affect the structure of the star?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 05:30 AM PST

I think I'm probably referring to the Ehrenfest paradox but I would like to know what happens to a neutron star which is rotating rapidly.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/tralfamadelorean31
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What makes honey "non-spoilable"?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 02:10 AM PST

Pretty much the title.

Once my uncle found honey jar in the basement of his house which was stored there by my grand grandfather in early 1900's presumably, we ate it ( and didn't die).

submitted by /u/emilazeri92
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Why do lights always flicker when watched from very far away?(like a city on the horizon)

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 10:45 PM PST

I have no idea what flair i should choose.

submitted by /u/Madraven820
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Standing waves in space?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 01:52 AM PST

When you put a bowl of water or sand on a subwoofer, you will get beautiful stort of standing waves. Were there experiments performed, where water bubbles in weightlessness were exposed to similar stimulation? I was thinking of it, as experiments like that could contribute to our understanding of the atomic structure, I suppose.

If yes, what were the results? Did the resulting forms resemble anything familiar?

submitted by /u/Schanitzl
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What are the sources of error with atomic clocks?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 12:24 AM PST

Atomic clocks are so accurate that they only lose one second every fifteen billion years. Why do they lose that second?

submitted by /u/calviniscredit11team
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How does the brain determine which part of the body is experiencing a sensation?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 10:22 PM PST

How does the brain tell if a signal is coming from your pointer finger or middle finger? If All of the signals feed into the same place, how can the beak tell any difference? Are there different signals for each neuron?

submitted by /u/rwahl
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How viscous is liquid metal?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 06:35 AM PST

I've seen videos of both people appearing to stir liquid metal with long metal poles and videos of liquid steel spilling out of a container. How viscous is it?

submitted by /u/Geohatz123
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How can the bacterial content of cheese be guaranteed to be the same or similar over time?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 09:13 PM PST

This question started after seeing a Youtube video on the production of Parmesan cheese; specifically, Parmesan-Reggiano cheese. I find this instance of cheese interesting for a few reasons: it is a very unique cheese, supposedly only truly producible in the specific regions of Parma, Reggio Emilio, Bologna, Modena, and Modena, in "the same lands the monks made it over 1000 years ago". This claim is reinforced by the consistent bacterial content of the cheese, containing bacteria supposedly found only in the region, which is fed into the cows that then produce the milk to make Parmesan-Reggiano cheese. This cheese production process is also carefully monitored and measured through virtually every step, helping to guarantee the end product.

But, while I understand that there is a strict method to this cheese's production, and carefully measured controls at virtually every step, I find myself doubting that the bacterial content of the cheese can be so carefully controlled. My mind goes to proliferation of super bacteria in sterilized environments for instance; granted that these areas present limited or no competition for these super bacteria, who can reproduce at alarming rates freely due to lack of competition. But even then, these sterilized environments are supposed to be carefully controlled as well. Even in an area of intense competition, there are still traces of super bacteria amongst the flora of other bacteria. To substance my doubts, the video referenced even says that "bad bacteria" are present along with the "good bacteria" in the vat, but that cooking the milk removes all the bad bacteria as a result. But aren't there bacteria that can adapt to harsh temperatures? Wouldn't this mean, even eventually, that these bad bacteria would become more prevalent in the cheese?

Given these observations, my question is ultimately: How can the bacterial content of cheese be guaranteed to be the same or similar over time? Furthermore, is there reason to be concerned that cheese production, especially under controlled conditions, is producing resistant super-bacteria in the very vats it is being made in?

Love to hear feedback on this, as my curiosity is stoked. Appreciate the time as always!

submitted by /u/JZaber
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Are higher mass isotopes more dangerous than lower mass?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 04:21 AM PST

I became curious about smoke detectors and found out that isotopes have different mass numbers beside them, and i'm curious what makes different isotopes more dangerous, is it higher mass = more danger or is it a combination between neutrons, electrons, protons, and mass?

submitted by /u/RallyRebel
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Why is the Planck length important and how was it measured?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 12:25 AM PST

Do chameleons have melanophores?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 03:53 AM PST

So as far as I'm aware chameleons have a layer of xanophores and then below it 2 layers of iridophores containing crystals that they can change the spacing between to reflect different shades of visible light in the the upper layer and infra-red light in the lower layer. What I'm not sure about though is do chameleon's have a layer of melanophores below the other layers. Some websites say chameleons have melanophores but I'm pretty sure they only assumed that as the mechanism they said was responsible for their colour change is no longer thought to be responsible for their colour change.

submitted by /u/Carrmodo
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How do scientists determine the half-life of elements which take billions of years to decay?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 03:55 PM PST

I guess it's simple with transuranic elements that decay very fast and rapidly stop emmiting detectable radiation. But what about elements such as Rubidium-87?

submitted by /u/GCS3217
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How is blood produced, and how does the body one when to stop producing blood?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 03:24 PM PST

What is the oldest human skeleton/remains that have been found from ancient times?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 03:19 AM PST

Not in millions of years, but the age when the person died.

I can't figure out how to phrase it to get meaningful results from searches. What I'm trying to find is some kind of 20,000+ year old remains of persons who lived to a ripe old age.

submitted by /u/whiteypoints
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If an impact event occurred in the ocean, during the past, what evidence would we find today that it had happened?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 03:55 PM PST

I know with land based impacts obviously you get the impact crater and its easy to find the detritus. What evidence would scientists use to locate and identify ocean based impacts that may have occurred hundreds or thousands of years ago.

submitted by /u/Bluntag
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Do celestial events visible from Earth (like the birth of a star) take place in the past?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 01:42 PM PST

This is going to take a bit of a twist.

It's my understanding that nothing travels faster than light. Based on that, if a catostrophic celestial event occured many light years away and it resulted in doom for humans, our doom would be visually apparent for some time before we were affected. Correct?

Simple Example: Per Google, the black hole at the center of our galaxy is estimated to be 25,000 light years from our solar system. If some catastrophic event occurred at the center of the milky way and it destroyed our galaxy... would it take 25,000 years for us to be aware of our fate? Is it possible for an initial event of destruction to have occurred 20,000 years ago, and for us to be completely unaware today?

submitted by /u/saslumpff
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To all doctors/surgeons, how are the organs in our body held in place?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 01:46 AM PST

Are they just floating around??

submitted by /u/KM-Lim
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water boiling in a vacuum does it get hot?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 07:08 PM PST

i have seen videos where water boils in a vacuum.

but does the water get hot, like in a kettle the heat comes from the element and the water boils.

is it just bubbling water or is it really hot.

submitted by /u/bulldogg1066
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Is there a difference between denoting a single 10 megaton nuke and two 5 megaton nuke in succession?

Posted: 22 Nov 2018 12:57 AM PST

detonating** my bad

submitted by /u/PhD_in_corki
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How do Radar and Lidar technologies, as used in autonomous vehicules, differenciate between their signal and the signal of a similar model?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 10:07 AM PST

If I understand the working principle of Radar correctly, one emits a signal and analyse the reflected signal. It can be used to measure speed via the Doppler effect or distance by measuring the time a signal took to bounce and be recaptured by sensors.

But then, if someone were to emit a similar signal as the one used by your radar device, wouldn't the radar detect it and mistake it for its own, thereby creating potentially unwanted behavoir down the line?

I also wonder how frequent those events would be in, say, trafic with a few autonomous vehicules of the same brand.

submitted by /u/pizza125
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How do radio frequencies not constantly collide and how does bandwidth work?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 04:02 PM PST

Hi Reddit,

Two questions around the same lines.

Firstly, If I had three radios transmitting, 1 at 1hz, one at 2hz, one at 4hz, would a receiver only see data arrive when they don't collide? The 1hz signal would always collide with 2hz and 4hz, the 2hz would always collide with 4hz and the 4hz would only have the first and third piece arrive with no collision?

Secondly, when trying to understand bandwidth, if I had a radio using 20mhz of bandwidth on a 2ghz radio, does the transmitter encode data on 2,000,000,000 and on 2,000,000,001 and so forth up to 2,019,999,999?

I really struggle understanding this part of radio frequency and cannot wrap my head around it.

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/MyNameIsSteveNow
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Why is the gram the SI base unit, and not the Kilogram?

Posted: 21 Nov 2018 07:53 PM PST

Pretty much all physical SI base units make relatable scale sense, bar the gram, what gives?

I know how much a Litre is in volume, and for water it's close to a kilogram, but why isn't it a gram instead?

submitted by /u/Takakikun
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