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Tuesday, November 20, 2018

Why is consuming activated charcoal harmless (and, in fact, encouraged for certain digestive issues), yet eating burnt (blackened) food is obviously bad-tasting and discouraged as harmful to one's health?

Why is consuming activated charcoal harmless (and, in fact, encouraged for certain digestive issues), yet eating burnt (blackened) food is obviously bad-tasting and discouraged as harmful to one's health?


Why is consuming activated charcoal harmless (and, in fact, encouraged for certain digestive issues), yet eating burnt (blackened) food is obviously bad-tasting and discouraged as harmful to one's health?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 12:46 PM PST

Do snakes preferentially bend to the left or to the right when forming loops?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 09:14 PM PST

How did chemists explain reactions before the discovery of the atom?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 12:50 PM PST

In an SSD drive, how is the data persistent, even if the power is off?

Posted: 20 Nov 2018 03:23 AM PST

I'm a CS student and I know the ins and outs of data storage in RAM. But RAM needs electricity to save data. Since an SSD (I assume) uses the same basic technology, how is it possible that we can take it off the grid and the data is still saved?

submitted by /u/flumsi
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If we can discharge excess voltage into the Earth whenever we need to, why can't we draw a steady supply of electricity from the Earth in a similar way?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 02:35 PM PST

What determines what wavelength of light is reflected from object?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 09:39 PM PST

If i have a green apple, shined on by light from sun. The apple appears green. Because all wavelengths of light are absorbed except for some that appear green to us. But what determines the color of the apple? Is it the size of the molecules on the apple surface?

submitted by /u/reznik99
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Could an electron itself know both its own position and momentum?

Posted: 20 Nov 2018 01:02 AM PST

How does helium cause a MEMS oscillator to stop working?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 03:00 PM PST

Helium has recently been identified as the culprit in killing some Apple hardware, due to interfering with MEMS oscillators: https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/9mk2o7/mri_disabled_every_ios_device_in_facility/

Is the oscillator small enough that individual helium atoms can jam between the moving parts? Is it some sort of chemical effect? What's actually going on?

submitted by /u/kendfrey
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How do the people on North Sentinel Island and people in other isolated tribes maintain genetic diversity?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 05:13 PM PST

Presumably for the past 10,000 years, the people of North Sentinel Island have been procreating with around 100-1000 people. With a gene pool that small how are the islanders not suffering from genetic diseases? Is there a specific reason, or have they just been maintaining genetic diversity.

submitted by /u/Healthy-sama
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What caused the Siberian eruptions during the Permian extinction?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:25 PM PST

A sea of lava the size of the US just appearing isn't normal.

submitted by /u/EmptyToad45
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Does my body need more than 7-8 hours of sleep after I stay up for 24 hours or more and why? Thank you science

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:28 AM PST

Just wanna know if there is a difference if I stay up for 24 hours and I sleep for 7-8 hours, compared to if I were awake for 12-18 hours and got the same amount of sleep.

submitted by /u/vibekilluh
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What does it mean that a photon has an oscillating magnetic field perpendicular to an oscillating electric field?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 09:03 PM PST

I'm speaking particularly about the common representation of a photon as two in-phase sine waves at right angles to each other. What exactly is oscillating? A couple places said it was the magnitude of each respective field, which I think refers to the strength and length(?) of the field lines "generated" by the field. But what shape do the field lines take? Is it the kind of pattern you would see with, say, iron fillings and a bar magnet? Additionally, the fields are projected in the 3rd dimension right? How can they be rotated at 90% then? Or is it something to do with quantum numbers?

When the magnitudes of both waves reaches 0, do the fields diminish to nothing or just stop influencing anything around them? If someone put a magnet near a stream of radio wave with a noticeably long wavelength, could the exertion of forces on the magnet be detected?

Sorry I don't really understand EM waves at all and I'm probably dumb for trying to understand with a cursory knowledge of physics.

submitted by /u/TheGreatCornlord
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The Bay Area CA had an aqi ranging from 140-240+ over the past 10 days. We are expecting rain to clear this up. What sort of toxins can we expect in the water once it hits the ground?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:04 PM PST

How are gas planets formed?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 07:42 PM PST

If gas planets are just giant balls of gas than how are they formed in space and how do they gain mass and gravity?

submitted by /u/any_username_ideas
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Volcan de Fuego in Guatemala is one of the most active stratovolcanoes in the world, and sometimes has multiple small eruptions in one hour. Why was the June 3rd, 2018 eruption so powerful and devastating?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:52 PM PST

Are there such things as albino variants of trees?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 08:37 AM PST

My wife and I bought a new house over the summer. When we first moved in I noticed this "white" sapling growing in our yard. I thought it might just be a nitrogen deficiency, but I decided to let it keep growing and see what happens. The sapling has grown quite a bit, but all the new leaves are white. Here's a picture:

https://imgur.com/gallery/IIM17th

The plants around it don't seem to have any issues with white leaves and there are several more of this type of tree around that look normal. Could this be an "albino" version of this type of tree? I spend a lot of time in the woods and whatever this tree is, it's pretty common around here, but I have never seen this white leaf variety. Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/cubanesis
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Why can we still hear the cosmic microwave background? How much longer will we be able to hear it? The big bang was almost 14 billion years ago, how can we possibly see something from that long ago given that it no longer exists?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 06:58 PM PST

What is the rate of decay of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 10:21 PM PST

In other words, at what rate do the synaptic connections formed during LTP decay as a result of inactivity?

The reason I'm asking is because I'd like to know how quickly we forget learned "skills".

submitted by /u/ALefty
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Does quantum superposition affect every observer individually?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 05:45 PM PST

Schrodingers cat is an example of how a system exists in all of it's possible states until it's observed, and then it collapses into one of them.

But what if the schrodingers cat box is contained within another steel box along with the observer. When the observer opens the cats box, the wave function collapses and the observer sees one state or the other, but for another observer outside of the outer box would the state of the cat still be a superposition of the dead or alive state since he didnt observe the box?

In other words can a quantum superposition collapse for one observer but not the other?

submitted by /u/zarek911
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How does a low battery in a kid's toy affect the frequency of the audio output?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 10:53 AM PST

I recently watched this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMmEnbryZnA

And I was wondering how those sound clips could get distorted by a low voltage battery.

submitted by /u/ohnoitsgodzilla
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How are these kinds of layered stones formed? (Image inside)

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 08:22 AM PST

Some nine years ago, when I was still in school, I had found a strange looking stone with layered patterns. Recently looking at my old stuff, I found it again. Which makes me wonder how these kinds of layers are formed:

Photo

Edit:

Different angles

With tape for scale

The sample is about 4 centimeters long, 3 centimeters wide and about 2.5 centimeters in height.

I found it in my school playground just lying in the dust among other things, and live in India, the westernmost part.

The color of the rock is actually yellowish to yellow-orange and slightly brown in some places.

With Magnifying glass

submitted by /u/Gayoka
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Monday, November 19, 2018

How do obscure/rare sea creatures locate each other to breed?

How do obscure/rare sea creatures locate each other to breed?


How do obscure/rare sea creatures locate each other to breed?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 07:20 PM PST

does flying through clouds have any effect on the speed of an aircraft?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 07:52 PM PST

Title pretty much says it all.

Is there any effect on the speed of an aircraft? Clouds do have mass correct?

submitted by /u/ConstantBad
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What effect would anti- depressants have on someone who is not depressed?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 11:33 AM PST

What is the critical mass of gas required for it to stick together in deep space due to gravity and not disperse due to diffusion?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:58 AM PST

I just found out that while mars has about 1/10th the mass of earth it has 38% of the gravity. This suggests a non-linear relationship between mass and gravity at the surface. What causes this effect? [Physics]

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 03:03 AM PST

Follow up question: Does this effect mean that the gravity on the surface of planets that are significantly larger than earth would be survivable for humans?

submitted by /u/Uncleniles
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Why is it when you "haaaa" hot air comes out but when you "huuuuu" cooler air comes out?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 08:52 PM PST

Does the air come out of different places in my body? If so where does the different air come from?

submitted by /u/theleeforce
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What's the mechanism allowing our eyes to move in the same direction?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 11:54 AM PST

What happens to the vacuum energy next to mass agglomerations?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 04:38 AM PST

  1. If gravity changes the space curvature, does that mean anything for the vacuum energy next to big masses like galaxies or black holes?
  2. Does space gets more "compressed" if it gets curved?

  3. Will the vacuum energy be higher per space-unit if space is "compressed" or doesn´t it change at all?

  4. How much vacuum energy is there? Wiki doesn´t know.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/bnbgrs
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Objects that reflect only non-visible wavelengths?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 12:31 AM PST

I had a few questions pop into my head last night. Hypothetically let's say there is a material that only reflects wavelengths of non visible light, such as ultra violet or infra red, or maybe they only reflect radiation like microwaves or x-rays. What would those materials look like to the human eye? Would they be completely black if they only reflect non-visible light? Do any of those materials exist? Are there any practical purposes for those kinda of materials. The sooner I get an answer the sooner I can sleep easily.

submitted by /u/Thatonedinoguy
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What makes Ciliac Disease so hard to cure?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 06:55 PM PST

I happen to have it, though I have done little research into it. I ask this for three reasons:

New daughter (biological), is this a genetic concern? (I was adopted, no genetic history)

Serving in the Army, sometimes tough cookies, literally. Will I become incapable of working at peak performance due to this?

What other factors does this put me or my lineage at risk for?

-Thankful Father and Soldier.

submitted by /u/Synaptic_Productions
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Substrates Reactions Growth of Graphene?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 12:53 AM PST

Hi,

Can anyone tell me what is the type of substrate used (elements it is made up of)? It appears to be a solid. What is the reaction of the layer of graphene particles on the copper surface that are from the reaction of the gases after it is broken down? Is there a reaction between the graphene particles and the substrate? If there is, what is the reaction that occurs? Does the layer of graphine react with a chemical which forms a graphene solid (the layer is solidified in the chemical).

If someone could please help, thank you.

Zackhie

This video shows the image (diagram) of the reaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6oUgIvBR8E

submitted by /u/Zackhie
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Is time exactly symmetrical? If we were to rewind it would it play back as the reverse of it playing forwards?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 12:38 AM PST

Is this true always?

submitted by /u/nicholasweber
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Does the body burn more calories in hot or cold temperatures (at rest)?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 09:46 PM PST

How and why does lactose intolerance suddenly happen in adults?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 09:57 AM PST

How does blood "know" where to clot?

Posted: 19 Nov 2018 02:09 AM PST

Like, how does it "know" it needs to clot as soon as a wound is bleedind?

submitted by /u/mobilereign
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Will Mount Everest always be the tallest mountain?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 01:42 PM PST

The sunset in Barrow, AK for the final time for 66 days, is there somewhere else in the world that the sun won’t go down for that long?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 08:53 PM PST

Pretty much the title. If the sun is setting in Utqiaġvik (Barrow) until January is there an opposite event happening elsewhere?

submitted by /u/yelpats
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What happens to electron orbitals in plasma?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 04:53 PM PST

My understanding of plasma is a gas that has free flowing/ non localized electrons. Does this mean that their are no orbitals for matter in this state or are only the valence electrons free flowing?

submitted by /u/juuzo
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Why is it that some metals or minerals are shaped like cubes or have relatively perfect edges?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 06:38 PM PST

Do large reptiles like gators have to “Roost” on their eggs the way birds do?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 03:06 PM PST

Does fog absorb or reflect light?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 08:58 PM PST

I've always wondered this. When there's snow on the ground, my small town is illuminated during a foggy night. Is the light from town being absorbed by the fog, making it seem brighter? Also relevant to driving at night; during intense fog I can't see lights that are a mile or more away. What is happening?

submitted by /u/cassieroseb
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How did allergies (specifically anaphylaxis) evolve in humans? I just don’t get how closing off the airway in response to a “pathogen” helps at all.

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 12:05 PM PST

What’s the current status of Zika? The news hasn’t been reporting it as threatening as it was before- is this because the news is bored of it and it is just as bad as it was a year or ya ago or is it actually subsiding? Do we have a vaccine available?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 08:39 PM PST

Sunday, November 18, 2018

Is a cure for tinnitus actively being worked on by anyone? And if so, what progress has been made?

Is a cure for tinnitus actively being worked on by anyone? And if so, what progress has been made?


Is a cure for tinnitus actively being worked on by anyone? And if so, what progress has been made?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 01:43 AM PST

What state of matter would something like peanut butter or thick syrup be?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 05:07 PM PST

Is it theoretically possible to change electromagnetic waves? Ex: Manipulating radio waves into x-ray, or visible light into microwaves, etc.

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 01:48 PM PST

edit A few things to look up. Thank you for the in depth responses.

submitted by /u/Pauler_Bear
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Radiation from Nuclear Bombs?

Posted: 18 Nov 2018 01:29 AM PST

With FO76 just being launched I've seen some talk about people that would not be able to survive due to radiation poisoning, when they would have to leave the vault after 25 years.

How long after a Nuclear detonation would you have to hide in a vault before you could go out and live a relatively long life? And how big a difference would there be between Little Boy and Tsar Bomba if detonate at the same height?

submitted by /u/CoalKingKovic
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What's the advantage for a telescope with a smaller number of bigger mirrors vs. a larger number of smaller ones?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 01:55 PM PST

The Giant Magellan Telescope will have 7 mirror segments, each 8.4 meters across.

The Extremely Large Telescope will have 798 mirror segments, each 1.4 meters across, (plus a bunch of large auxilliary mirrors)

What advantage will the GMT's mirrors have over the ELT's due to their massive size?

What advantage will the ELT have compared to the GMT due to it's massive number of mirrors?

submitted by /u/firstpageguy
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When sending a probe to the sun, does the suns gravity assist in how fast the probe arrives?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 06:18 PM PST

How does a body detect that an organ is not its own?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 03:04 PM PST

Not sure about grammar, English isn't my 1st language

submitted by /u/BonyBoban
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Do submarines generate underwater wakes, similar to that of boats & ships?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 06:03 PM PST

Can you have too little epinephrine?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 12:26 PM PST

Most of my research I did focuses on too much epinephrine. What happens if you don't have enough?

submitted by /u/headlinebee
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What happens to the wavefunction if we know that a particle must be at a specific point in space?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 06:10 PM PST

I'm just thinking that inside a black hole, for example, where degeneracy pressure breaks down and all matter is compressed down to a single point in space, what would the wavefunction look like? I understand that the act of observation collapses the wavefunction under normal circumstances and forces the particle to assume a position in space, but for a black hole, we know that the particle must be at that single point in space.

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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Can trees repair themselves/their branches?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 02:23 PM PST

How does a GPS receive and transmit signals?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 02:00 PM PST

What is the science behind crucibles and foundry rocks? How are they able to withstand much higher temperatures than most common metals and lava rocks can without breaking(mostly)? How did ancient people make theirs? How do they retain so much heat?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 04:31 PM PST

I've seen YouTubers melt pretty much everything but steel in their backyards and I'm just wondering how the crucible survives all the punishment. I also saw a video of a man picking up a space age material with his bare hands after pulling it out of the forge at >2000°f. I'm sure that's a totally separate science, but I'm just curious how these materials can withstand so much heat. I suppose the better question would be, what causes certain materials to handle more heat than others? Is there a specific trait metals, rocks, and dirt can have that makes them more resistant to higher temperatures?

submitted by /u/18CharacterMaximum
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Does rain help conduct lightening?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 04:24 PM PST

Why prescribe different antibiotics for different illnesses?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 09:51 AM PST

Hello - hope this hasnt been asked before, I did a cursory search and couldn't find it.

But why are different antibiotics prescribed for different illnesses? Example: I typically get prescribed amoxicillin for an ear infection or strep, but just got metronidazole for BV. Are they metabolized differently? Do different meds work better on specific body parts? It seems like an antibiotic would just be an antibiotic, and would work the same throughout the body.

submitted by /u/refinnej7
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What shape is the maxwell boltzmann (energy) distribution?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 07:32 PM PST

I'm trying to generate a graph for the maxwell boltzmann (energy) distribution that ACTUALLY has numbers on the x-axis for once - no internet resources show this.

I initially went to the wiki page to find a formula for the distribution and found this - labelled as equation (9), which gives a familiar bell-ish curve to the distribution. It looks kinda like a surge function or a chi squared distribution with this formula. This is also the shape you see in most chemistry text books when they use it to discuss reaction rates and such.

HOWEVER when I try and couple this with my other knowledge of how this distribution works - ie. that the proportion of particles (area under the curve) with energy greater than E should be exp(-E/kT) it simply doesn't check out. A distribution with that property has to cross y = 1 at the x axis, not begin at the origin like all the texts show. Looking further I found this hyperphysics page, and again we see a distribution that's clearly just an exponential decay - no bump in the middle, No beginning at the origin.

This is maddening, because the exp(-E/kT) relation crops up in reaction rates (solving the rate constant using the Arrhenius equation), yet does not check out with any of the graphics of the distribution itself at all.

WHAT is going on here?!? and how could I ever plot a graph of this distribution with numbers on the x-axis like I want? Any clarification would be GREATLY appreciated here.

note: looking to plot (kinetic) energy, not velocity. The reason for this is because in chemistry (where I want to use this), texts use this distribution to contrast with the idea of activation energy. It's easier to compare energy to energy than to switch between energy and velocity in a student's head.

submitted by /u/usernumber36
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How does early scientists detect or even theorise the existence of quarks?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 05:59 AM PST

What prompted them to crack open an atom which itself is already a hard thing to observe, and determine whether if there is anything smaller than the subatomic particles?

submitted by /u/AzagronKronos17
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Why does soap bond to fats instead of bonding to itself? in a practical sense for doing the dishes, why aren't soaps too busy bonding to remove fat chains?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 09:15 AM PST

context: I've taken biochemistry at uni. but we didn't cover fats, soaps much at all. Basically if it wasn't a 2-4 atom reaction between Bromine, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, it just wasn't discussed.

And if it was more than a couple of atoms reaction we entered the realm of medicine studies, where we skipped the chemistry of it for a big picture chart where Pyruvate wasn't seen as a sum of its atomic parts, but rather a distinct unit called pyruvate (to give an example).

So yeah. That's the context of why i'm wondering some middle-chemistry between individual atomic reactions and their macromolecule interactions. Namely, Why do Soaps not just bond to eachother in solution, and then when fats are added, they just ignore the fat?

submitted by /u/ComplainyGuy
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What is thermal recoil force and how does it work (reference NASA's Pioneer 10 and 11)?

Posted: 17 Nov 2018 03:40 PM PST