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Sunday, November 11, 2018

How is nerve damage repaired? Is there a way to tell if nerves are permanently damaged?

How is nerve damage repaired? Is there a way to tell if nerves are permanently damaged?


How is nerve damage repaired? Is there a way to tell if nerves are permanently damaged?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 11:23 AM PST

what does it mean to take something to the i power?

Posted: 11 Nov 2018 06:32 AM PST

I have been reading up on Euler's Formula of

e +1 =0

and everything else makes sense other than the ei part. how does one take something to the power of i, which is the √(-1)? Like, how. Its imaginary. I just can't wrap my mind around it.

submitted by /u/SolarNebula1
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What is the ecological impact of toilet paper?

Posted: 11 Nov 2018 07:17 AM PST

Atomic charge, isotopes, and the Rutherford model of the atom were discovered in the 1910s, but the neutron wasn't discovered until 1932. So how did people account for atomic mass (e.g., the differing atomic masses of isotopes) in the 1920s?

Posted: 11 Nov 2018 06:45 AM PST

What genetic factors determine how many beans a pod will have within a given species?

Posted: 11 Nov 2018 04:01 AM PST

For example, in edamame, the soybeans typically have two or three though there's still some variance on top of that. In other species, e.g., cocoa, the number within a pod can vary more wildly, and I found the beginning pages of one old study discussing this but it doesn't go into much depth. I'm not interested in the differences between species though, but within a species, what genetic factors determine how many beans one specific organism will have?

submitted by /u/themeaningofhaste
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Do gravitational waves weaken over distance?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 08:35 PM PST

And, in case they do, what are they interacting with that weakens them?

submitted by /u/asmj
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How did they discover that a photon was the smallest unit of light, and how did they fabricate an instrument that could shoot individual photons?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 08:12 AM PST

Does the top of the atmosphere (say the top edge of the thermosphere) move like the top of the ocean (i.e. a bunch of little waves moving in different directions, on top of larger and larger waves)?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 05:03 PM PST

Basically, does the top of the atmosphere (or any boundary between two atmosphere layers) move like the ocean's surface in this gif: https://i.gifer.com/2ycJ.gif (minus the rain)

submitted by /u/datdutho
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What is the process by which a forest biome becomes a desert?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 10:57 PM PST

We hear about how the Sahara desert was once a lush forest. But do biomes change quickly or slowly? Is there a single catastrophic event, such as a flood, which disrupts the environment, or does it occur as weather patterns change over thousands of years?

Wondering how quickly the same could happen to beautiful, smoky California.

submitted by /u/entropyNull
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Does world war era battlefield soil differ from a soil that hasnt been batteled on?

Posted: 11 Nov 2018 06:34 AM PST

How different is the soil of Verduns battlefields today compared to regular soil of a similar area?

Can you tell the difference of the soil of WW1 battlefield and WW2 battlefield?

submitted by /u/Fir3W0lf
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How do imaginary numbers play into the real/physical world?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 05:25 PM PST

I was reading up on imaginary numbers and a source stated that they started out purely imaginary and for mathematical purposes and some stuff with Euler's equation (that I don't really understand except that it has to do with complex planes or something), but how does it govern physical things, like springs or circuits or other things with some sort of resonance. If it's just imaginary, how is it able to dictate/show non-imaginary things?

submitted by /u/notMattHansen
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This article I read about Climate Change says that we're all doomed essentially. Is that true?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 09:56 PM PST

http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/10/un-says-climate-genocide-coming-but-its-worse-than-that.html

Is this just fear mongering? I read the Climate report by the UN but i'm not too sure how reliable it is. Are we really done for?

submitted by /u/castmemberzack
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In stem cell therapies, how do doctors get stem cells to the tissue or organ they are attempting to repair? Are stems cells too large to be delivered through an injection?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 07:09 PM PST

Had the chemistry or production of gasoline changed enough over the decades that gasoline from 1945 would not work in a modern car (new from 1945, not very old gas)?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 05:53 PM PST

How do we know that a given reaction mechanism actually describes what's going on in a reaction?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 03:35 PM PST

I understand that we can do things like IR, NMR, melting point and whatnot to identify reactants and products, but how are reactive, temporary intermediates identified? how do we know for sure that a reaction actually proceeds the way an electron pushing mechanism shows?

related, how do we know the structures of reaction intermediates?

in brief, what processes are used to test if a reaction mechanism describes a reaction, or if an intermediate actually forms?

submitted by /u/potatotate_spudlord
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Why does pyrite form in such perfect cubes sometimes?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 05:15 PM PST

Regarding Entropy and reaching 0K. Why do my textbooks restrict their examples to perfect crystalline structures?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 03:24 PM PST

It's described, that lim(dS) = 0 for T against 0, for perfect, crystalline structured substances. My question is, that from my understanding no particles are able to move when they are cooled down to 0 Kelvin (since thermal energy is just a statistical symptom of kinetic energy), so based on that shouldn't every substance - perfect or not - in a closed system get to lim(ds) = 0? I would assume, that this example system would than be in a state, that is not changeable, because the particles aren't able to move due to their lack of kinetic energy and therefore aren't able to adjust their positions. That would result in dS = 0 as there will be no possible changes.

submitted by /u/Akimasurin
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How do submarines recycle oxygen for their crews through long trips?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 12:12 PM PST

A question for a volcanologist (I think): Does rock that was melted and then cooled take up less space?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 11:19 AM PST

I was thinking about a fictional story where the main character could generate a lot of heat like the Human Torch from the Fantastic Four. This character was going to make a secret underground base by picking out a mountain and melting a cave into it. However, since it needed to be secret he couldn't just let the melted stone flow out the front. It was at this point that I realized I was assuming melted rock would be more dense than the original. In other words, melting the rock and then allowing it to cool would somehow leave space even though none of the melted rock was allowed to flow out of the cave being created. Is this true?

submitted by /u/jsimplesam
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How does the nutritional content of aquaponically grown produce differ from traditionally-farmed food, if at all?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 07:51 AM PST

What makes Neptune look blue?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 07:34 AM PST

How were the long landforms outside of the Polish, Lithuanian and Kaliningradian coasts formed?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 01:19 PM PST

I'm talking about the long almost circular landforms on either side of Kaliningrad (zoom out). I asked my geography teacher, she didn't know, but suggested maybe it was sand being washed up. What are they and how were they formed?

submitted by /u/memescauseautism
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Saturday, November 10, 2018

What is flesh eating bacteria?

What is flesh eating bacteria?


What is flesh eating bacteria?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 05:27 PM PST

Why is flesh eating bacteria such a problem? How come our bodies can't fight it? why can't we use antibiotics? Why isn't flesh eating bacteria so prevalent?

Edit: Wow didn't know this would blow up. Was just super curious of the super scary "flesh eating bacteria" and why people get amputated because of it. Thanks for all the answers, I really appreciate it!

submitted by /u/DefectMahi
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Why are you not supposed to use cellphones at gas pumps?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 02:07 PM PST

Is a quadruple bond possible?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 02:24 AM PST

Could an element with, say, an expanded octet form a quadruple bond with another element?

submitted by /u/OgreDragon
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White blood cells fight infection. But how does the body fight an infection in places where white blood cells aren't flowing, like in the bladder or sinuses?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 10:21 PM PST

Do gluons have different wavelengths?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 02:58 AM PST

i Know there are 10 kinds of gluons, with different colour and all, but i was wondering if, like photons, they too could have different wavelengths. If so, what tells us that quarks don't constantly emit a wavelength of gluon that would travel outside the nucleus since it doesn't interact with the up and down quarks, kinda like radiowaves.

submitted by /u/QSAnimazione
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How does Everett's Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics conserve energy or deal with the scaling factor for each world?

Posted: 10 Nov 2018 04:11 AM PST

I've seen some videos on Everett's Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics(WM) and it is quite appealing after some thought especially with how it deals with the the measurement and wave-function collapse problems. But I've just got a couple questions abo

Lets say you have a particle when say something become a superposition the state evolves as a as a wave function in a superposition state but on measurement only a single state is measured.

In the Copenhagen interpretation the wave function collapses to a single state that depend on the probability distribution of the wave function.

Now with the MWI interpretation the wave-function doesn't collapse and just continues to evolve. The probabilities come from the probability that the observer is in a specific state.

Let's use a simple example of a system that has a photon in the up state which is used to create a photon in a superposition of up and down. I apologize over my notation, but assume everything is a wave function:

w0=u

y w0 = y u

w1 = y u

w1=1/(2^0.5)(u+d)

So say you measure the photon and you get u, the universal state in the MWI at the second measurement means you are in state 1/(2^0.5)u. This is a factor of square root of 2 smaller than the original state of u. As the universe evolves you'd get more and more scaling factors. So my question is:

Why don't the scaling factors have any effect or impact on the world. My naive view is that each universe has reduced amount of energy compared to the parent universe. I have no idea if the scalling factor has anything to do with energy but I'd like some experts to explain what is going on

submitted by /u/unparag0ned
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Do certain blood types protect you better than other ones?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 07:28 PM PST

How do we know how far bodies in space are from us?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 04:19 PM PST

Recently I saw an article stating "oldest star found." How do we know, since all we can do is basically look at the sky. It's not like we've been staring at a spot in the sky for millions of years and a star suddenly appears. Maybe something to do with measuring movements...? I don't see how we can know how old something is just by looking at it, especially when they all look the same (from our point of view).

submitted by /u/Cerusin
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Could HIV/AIDS help with an autoimmune disease?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 09:20 PM PST

So obviously this seems like a bad idea and wouldn't be recommended but could having HIV especially in the later stages help an autoimmune disease?

submitted by /u/lastwaun
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Is there a theoretical upper bound on the critical temperature of a high-temperature superconductor? (I.e. a "Carnot efficiency" for HTSCs)

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 01:27 PM PST

When the continents move farther from each other, would they just combine, or collide?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 11:08 AM PST

Sorry if my question doesnt make sense. But our continents are moving slowly apart from each other, if I recall.

So wouldnt they eventually meet? Would they collide into each other or just sorta combine? If they collide would it be like an earthquake?

submitted by /u/catmality
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Why does the blood flow in the brain have a different Reynolds number than the aorta?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 07:37 AM PST

Hi !

I was reading the wikipedia article on Reynolds number and came across the fact that the typical Reynolds number for blood flow for the brain is a factor of 10 smaller than the Re for the aorta, could anyone give a short explanation of what it means and why exactly there's such a big difference?

Thank you in advance !

submitted by /u/karlej
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Why is it called an α-1,β-2 glycosidic linkage?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 09:52 PM PST

My professor told me that it was called an α-1,β-2 glycosidic linkage because the oxygen is between the 1' carbon on the α-D-Glucose molecule and the 2' carbon on the β-D-Glucose, but as it seems in this diagram, the oxygen is between the 1' carbon on both molecules. What am I missing?

submitted by /u/denz609
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What supports neurons in the brain? Is it just neurons in liquid?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 11:06 AM PST

Do people born blind have 3D good spatio-temporal intuition?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 08:38 AM PST

I come from Machine Learning with a neuroscience-y question. Basically, some models that we train to interact with an environment often benefit from a good amount of "Newtonian" and causal priors. Very often, these priors are embedded in the visual system of the Machine Learning model, as priors over local displacements, or as visual contingency awareness. Doing so in the visual domain is often much easier than in an abstract domain.

This made me wonder if we have clues as to whether our brains really require vision in order to learn such things or if we have a "signal-type-agnostic" learning mechanism that just learns about intuitive physics.

This led me to wonder if blind people lack some spatio-temporal intuition that non-blind people have, or if vision is a required ingredient for some class of physical reasoning tasks.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/manux
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Are fully charged batteries technically heavier than batteries with no charge?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 08:28 AM PST

Is there any evidence that points to writing notes Paper&Pen helps you remember what you wrote more than another form of note taking like typing or Vice Versa?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 05:22 AM PST

I was wondering what the best way to take notes is and I wanted to know if there was any scientific backing in the most optimal form of note taking.

submitted by /u/Crazymage321
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In what way is spin related to the standard model?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 09:29 AM PST

And how come the bosons have 1 as spin number and the fermions 1/2?

submitted by /u/SvHaps_
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Could gerrymandering be improved if you forced every district drawn on a map to be a quadrilaterial?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 07:27 AM PST

Obviously it'd be better if we could just have an algorithm draw the districts. But could something like this be a simple bandaid to solve problems like Illinois's 4th congressional district?

submitted by /u/Bladelink
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Do we have any idea what our solar system's previous star was like?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 09:31 AM PST

I've read our sun and planets formed from the remnants of an exploded star that was here before. Can we tell anything about it from the material composition of our solar system?

submitted by /u/light24bulbs
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Why don't whales have a high risk of cancer if they have a large amount of cells?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 02:56 AM PST

It makes sense. Whales have more cells than most animals so they must have a high risk of cancer. But they don't. If not. Less than humans as they live much longer. Why is that?

submitted by /u/BurntToast01
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How is the Earth affected by other planets orbits?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 07:36 AM PST

As planets orbit the sun, how does it affect the Earth as other planets come "close"?

submitted by /u/Mitsuman77
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Friday, November 9, 2018

Why my phones touchscreen sometimes registers a touch when in reality my finger is millemeter or two from screen?

Why my phones touchscreen sometimes registers a touch when in reality my finger is millemeter or two from screen?


Why my phones touchscreen sometimes registers a touch when in reality my finger is millemeter or two from screen?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 11:57 PM PST

My guess is static electricity since it only happens once in a while and randomly but i am hoping for more insightful explanation.

Edit: It also usually happens in the middle of typing. It never happened, for me, on first letters I typed. And, I am sure my finger did not touch the screen in a way i just did not feel it. When it happened i was surely away from screen, that is why it always jumps out when it happens. It is always unexpected.

Edit2: I can surely replicate phone registering very soft touches (without me feeling actually touching it) but those random ones I am experiencing are different, the finger is always a lot further away than when i can register a touch without feeling it by testing. A lot may be very relative term but that is how it feels to me, i am not really sure how far the finger actually is because it usually happens really fast and its hard to measure so small distances with feelings. So, there is a small chance that i am imagining it.

Edit3: I am using Redmi 5A if that makes any difference.

Edit4: I searched my phone but did not find any settings that increase screen sensitivity or glove mode or anything like that. It is an android 1.7.2.

submitted by /u/Dreamer_tm
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[Earth Sciences] Is there a current example of a mountain range that is just starting?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 04:07 PM PST

I have heard that the Himalayas are young and still growing. And that the Rockies are young and large, while the Appalachians are old and being worn down. Is there a good example of a small mountain range (hills?) in the world that is in the early stages of its development, it has the potential to grow into a full-scale mountain range?

submitted by /u/MDCCCLXV
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Does Hale Bopp belong to the solar system? Or does its trajectory just go through the solar system from time to time?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 05:25 AM PST

Augmented reality 7D holograms - how does it make it look like the light stops mid-air?

Posted: 09 Nov 2018 02:57 AM PST

After discovering this video: https://youtu.be/rD1_C_RAJeE?t=177 I immediately wondered how did they manage to do it? How can the light carrying information about the reference object just stop mid-air? I know it can´t but that´s how it looks like (no pollen, no small particles, no visible gas etc.) and no method of projecting light to create a 3rd object in space seems to apply.
Any explanation? I have found out that RIOT (company behind the ceremony from the video) got this marvel from this company https://www.zerodensity.tv/products/reality/

I have tried to google this question and came up with little to nothing - this question https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8fjbl9/how_exactly_do_holograms_work_how_does_the_light/ seems related, but I couldn´t find a satisfying explanation.

Thank you for your responds!

submitted by /u/Teiresias13
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Is there any "up" direction to the universe? Every map of earth is drawn "right side up", but how do we know that? what measure has everyone been using?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 06:43 PM PST

is there any sort of marker of "up" and "down" in the universe? if so, what?

submitted by /u/OneEyedCharlie
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Say you know the dirrection the Milky Way is headed and you launch a rocket going towards the dirrection the Galaxy was coming from, from our prospective, would it appear to be going faster than a rocket launched in the same dirrection our galexy is headed to?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 09:06 PM PST

Sorry if my grammar made this hard to read.

submitted by /u/five_chickens
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At one point in time was the universe background radiation the same wavelength as the radiation we use in microwave ovens?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 05:34 PM PST

I was thinking about what a cataclysmic event this would be in terms of liquid water forming in the universe and any effect it would have on life if it existed at the time. This question I've been meaning to ask for a long time...

submitted by /u/Kavster92
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Bio-Savart law states: A moving point charge creates magnetic field. What is the motion of the charge relative to?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 03:38 PM PST

Is it relative to the observer, earth's surface or something else?

submitted by /u/ClueTime2I
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How do you store plasma?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 05:44 PM PST

I know it can be generated in various ways but can it be stored for any meaningful length of time?

submitted by /u/Biocrypt
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How do people with amnesia remember how to speak?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 08:55 AM PST

Is the generation of a planetary magnetic field reliant upon the presence of a solid inner core?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 03:09 PM PST

Are femtosecond lasers synonym to ultrafast lasers?

Posted: 08 Nov 2018 10:46 AM PST

As in the title above, are those synonyms or ultrafast lasers is broader term that contain femtosecond lasers?

submitted by /u/uncross97
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