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Tuesday, October 30, 2018

Why isn't Psychopathy/Sociopathy in the DSM-5?

Why isn't Psychopathy/Sociopathy in the DSM-5?


Why isn't Psychopathy/Sociopathy in the DSM-5?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 10:20 AM PDT

Although the DSM-5 has "Antisocial Personality Disorder", this seems to be much more based on the impulsive criminal behavior clinicians come across in the criminal population and disregards the functional psychopaths and sociopaths in society. People with Dependent Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (for example) can also be fully functional in society, yet they get the "benefit" of a diagnosis. So why has Psychopathy/Sociopathy been dismissed?

EDIT: lots of interesting information, but very little actually addresses my question directly.

EDIT 2: iglet007 gives a great answer. Read it.

submitted by /u/kuuzo
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Why does rust not occur on stainless steel?

Posted: 30 Oct 2018 02:29 AM PDT

Do animals have different "names" for their offspring the way humans do?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 05:06 AM PDT

Intuitively, it seems like it would be helpful for many mammals (e.g. lions, bears, dogs) and even some birds to be able to tell their offspring apart, in order to attend to each one's unique needs.

submitted by /u/KnightsWhoSayKni
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Was the eruption of Krakatoa really heard ~3000 miles away?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 10:16 PM PDT

The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa was noted to be heard up to 3000 miles away and sound waves circled the earth four times. However, this paper suggests the eruption was ~180 decibels, which while deafening, is not much higher than being near a jet engine (noted in the same paper), and is less than what was estimated for the Saturn V launch at around 200 dB. Is this due to a sustained output of sound from the eruption, or do I really not understand sound as well as I think I do?

submitted by /u/jonwku
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How does visual stimuli get stored in genes and subsequently expressed in the brain? (For example, the innate fear of spiders, &/or possible sexual stimuli.)

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 02:59 PM PDT

I'm talking about things like innate fear of spiders:

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/10/infant-fear-phobia-science-snakes-video-spd/

This only seems possible if the brain has "preprogrammed software." Its seems like an image of a spider (or a visual form) has to exist in the mind at birth. It sounds like a memory has gotten passed down from a previous generation. But that is a Lamarckian idea which is generally debunked.

How does a gene encode a visual stimuli? Let's say memory cannot be passed down. This would mean there are genes that produce innate fear in random visual stimuli, and the spider-looking-stimuli so happened to get evolutionary selected? i) That seems statistically unlikely. ii) It seems to imply that we would have a storage of innate fears for other random stimuli. We do not have such a storage.

I am also curious if sexual visual stimuli is innate (and expressed at puberty.)

I am also curious how the brain determines what defining characteristic of a vision is the necessary threshold to trigger fear or desire.

submitted by /u/band_in_DC
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Can birds control yaw? If so, how?

Posted: 30 Oct 2018 02:38 AM PDT

What is information in the context of Physics?

Posted: 30 Oct 2018 06:19 AM PDT

My question is: is information considered a physical property of the Universe or of it's objects in a modern Physics setting? If so, what is the definition of information, and how does it relate to other properties?

Context:

I've seen information (measured in bits) come up in some Physics discussions and articles in Wikipedia. For example: the Maxwel's Devil thought experiment seems to lead to a situation where the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is disrespected, until you consider that adquiring information about a system requires spending of energy. That is reasonable, but the amount of energy to information is calculated. How can this be?

Also, I've seen information being brought up in discussions about black holes, but that subject is way beyond my league.

I think I have an ok qualitative understanding of modern Physics, but a small and vague quantitative (math) understanding. So maybe this question doesn't even make sense, or maybe the answer can only be understood with a lot of math. I'm sorry if that's the case.

submitted by /u/sapirus-whorfia
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Do protons and electrons orbit around a barycenter? Like gravitationally attracting bodies? Or does the electron strictly orbit the centre of a proton?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 07:13 PM PDT

I suppose in atoms other than H and He, the increase in the number of electrons at different places would nullify the barycenter thing. But what about when there is only 1 proton and electron(like in Hydrogen and Helium)?

submitted by /u/sthornr
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Why does salt decrease the specific heat capcity of water?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 10:30 PM PDT

As such, how is specific heat capacity and cooling rate related?

submitted by /u/edavidson912
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Is sound effected by gravity?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 07:38 PM PDT

For example that TIL on the front page states that a volcanic eruption in the 1880s could be heard 3,000 miles away and traveled around the world 4 times.

This leads me to visualize the sound waves traveling across the earth much like the aftershock of a nuke.

Is this a poor visualization?

submitted by /u/JonathanJoestarJr
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What body parts can be donated by a typical dead person?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 11:27 AM PDT

People are encouraged to become organ donors when they die, but it's my understanding that actual organs(heart, liver, kidneys etc) can only be harvested from brain-dead people whose bodies are kept alive on life support.

What about ordinary dead bodies? What all can be harvested and used?

submitted by /u/casualphilosopher1
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Why do acetylene torches pop when they are shut off?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 07:30 PM PDT

So I've recently gotten into metal working and one thing that I've wondered about is why do the acetylene torches pop? They pop when they're shut off (acetylene valve closed first) and sometimes when the torch head is too close to the material. I don't really know why this happens, but I have a theory. The gas that is left if the air is burned rapidly leaving a vacuum where the gas was. But I haven't been able to confirm or deny.

submitted by /u/PCOverall
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How dangerous is nuclear waste compared to coal and other forms of energy like renewable sources?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 10:29 AM PDT

Comparing the health & environmental impacts out of curiosity. Is the public fear of nuke waste misplaced? And what are the efficiencies of the different types of energy sources?

submitted by /u/SingularianNeuralNet
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Why does the height of so many intraplate volcanic centers reach so close to sea-level?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 12:03 PM PDT

I'm not referring to atoll construction, which allows the top of these structures to remain near sea-level despite erosion and other processes ... the top of these volcanic edifices has to reach the photic zone first. Many reach the photic zone without eroding away "en route", while msintaining a steep gradient and rising from the abyssal plain about 3 kms.

How is it that volcanic activity allows to build these structures up to that height in the first place? Is it just that a bunch of geophysical and geochemical parameters just happened to fall in the right range for that combination to make it so, or is there something else at work here I might be missing?

And of course, this only applies to oceanic plates. Continental plates are a different world.

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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Why does cheese break or crumble when it's cold, but gets long and stringy when it's warm?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 09:55 AM PDT

what does a weak force do to a lepton and a hadron?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 04:10 PM PDT

my teacher has dropped me in the deep end here and hasnt explained what weak force even does aside from "changing a quark".

submitted by /u/tryM3B1tch
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Is there any evidence that recent (last 10,000 years) human activity has altered our eye physiology through evolution?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 06:34 AM PDT

I saw an article in r/todayilearned that discussed animal eye evolution and physiology and how it pertains to specific needs re hunting and self defense. This article got me thinking about how modern humans engage in activities that have little in common with those of 10,000 years ago.

http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/7/e1500391

For instance, when compared to humans living 10,000 years ago, there is significantly less need, from a modern worldwide perspective, for most people to need to scan the horizon (unassisted by technology) for predators. Also, modern humans spend much more time than previous ancestors using their eyes to scan close-range information (I.e. books, computers, or manual labor).

Most people I know who interact with modern society require eyesight modifications (glasses, contact lenses, lasik, etc...) to see clearly. I do not know if this is a direct result of the way humans have altered the needs for use of their eyes over the years. Also, I do not know if there is any evidence that human eyes have evolved as a result of modern technology and a reliance on things that are "closer" rather than "farther".

I cannot imagine that the change would be significant considering the short timeframe I am proposing, but I am curious none the less.

Thank you.

submitted by /u/spdorsey
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How did satellites impact the field of meteorology when they were invented?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 07:08 PM PDT

When was the first hurricane observed under a satellite for example? Did people know what hurricanes looked like before satellites were created? What was meteorology like before the advent of satellites?

submitted by /u/Fawful99
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Monday, October 29, 2018

Whats the difference between me thinking about moving my arm and actually moving my arm? Or thinking a word and actually saying it?

Whats the difference between me thinking about moving my arm and actually moving my arm? Or thinking a word and actually saying it?


Whats the difference between me thinking about moving my arm and actually moving my arm? Or thinking a word and actually saying it?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 09:04 AM PDT

Do we actually know if bottling up your emotions is bad for you?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 07:05 PM PDT

I always thought suppressing your emotions was bad for you, thats what id always hear from people, but in my psychology class some times ago i read about a study done with kids and a mean strict teacher (i might try looking up the study later).

(to crudely paraphrase, during a break one half of the class was told to sit in a corner quietly and reflect, while the second half was told to punch a bag with a picture of the teachers face on it (or something like that), and after the break they were all given blow horns and told they could freely blow the horn in the teachers face, and they found the kids who quietly reflected would blow the horn less.)

Anyways, after learning about this I tried looking up the answer online, came upon multiple opinion articles and sensational news sites which say it is harmful but would never cite anything, and the academic sources I found though were conflicting.

submitted by /u/YeeeeeeeBoi
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Is there an extreme point where the temperature decreases with pressure rather than increase (gas)?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 04:13 AM PDT

So, there's this: pV = nRT .

From this is clear that if volume and number of molecules are constant, if we increase pressure the temperature has to increase.

Is there a point when, if we increase the pressure to an immense threshold that there is actually a temperature drop because the molecules cannot almost move anymore?

submitted by /u/Mintfriction
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Why is October so hot in some places in Asia, like in the city of Karachi near Arabian sea?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 02:58 AM PDT

I don't quite understand why October is hot in certain places in the Asia. For example, recently I visited a friend in Karachi, which is a city in the south of Pakistan near Arabian sea and the whole October month was pretty hot although the previous few months of Sept, Aug, and July were not that bad.

I Wikipedied October in that city and found:

It is the second hottest month of the year after May. Karachi is considered by some to be a city with two summers. Pre monsoon summer of April–May and post monsoon summer of Sep–Oct.

So why does it have post monsoon summer in October? I understand pre monsoon summer such as May being hot though, because May is hot in many places in the northern hemisphere. I just don't get the October thing.

Some explanation would be appreciated. I think it has something to do with pressure in the atmosphere but don't know how it works exactly. I'm drawing blanks here.

submitted by /u/Arrowsomeuser
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Are ALL carbon steels magnetic?

Posted: 29 Oct 2018 02:22 AM PDT

I'm talking specifically about CARBON steels, NOT stainless steels. Are all carbon steels magnetic?

submitted by /u/Paristrife
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How is melanoma on thin skin like the eyelids, scrotal skin biopsied and excisioned? How much scarring and deformity does it result in?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 08:58 AM PDT

I was wondering, that for melanoma on very thin skin like that of the scrotum:

  • A) How is such a thin skin biopsied?
  • B) How is such a thin skin cut/excisioned out as treatment?
  • C) How much scarring or ugliness or deformity is there in Biopsy?
  • D) How much scarring or ugliness or deformity is there in cut out/excision treatment (which is the only treatment as I understand it)?

PS: I am not that good in English so I had to use the word ugliness. Don't know the correct word for it.

EDIT: I actually posted this on /r/Dermatology but got no reply so I posted it here. If this is not the correct sub, please suggest a more appropriate sub where I can get the answers before deleting this thread.

submitted by /u/AdditionalMovie
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What is the hottest a microwave can heat something up?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 08:36 AM PDT

Could it theoretically go on forever? Or will the temperature of whatever it's heating eventually plateau?

submitted by /u/the_porkless_pig
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Will a mountain that is sufficiently tall create a 'bump' in the atmosphere?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 08:38 AM PDT

The inspiration for this question came from this image over at the KSP subreddit. Disregard the skybox and look at the mountains sticking out pretty high, yet the atmosphere looks perfectly spherical despite the protruding mountain. I imagine that, just like a rock that's just underneath the water surface in a river, there would be a slight 'bump' in the local boundaries of the atmosphere if there'd be a mountain this high in real life.

submitted by /u/_Enclose_
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Do smaller car tires wear through their tread faster than larger tires? If so is that because they must spin faster/more to cover the same amount of distance?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 08:33 AM PDT

Is it possible to actually predict earthquakes to some degree?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 09:16 AM PDT

I feel like you should be able to predict future rises in seismic activity based on previous activity, right? Or is it highly unpredictable?

I don't mean predict an earthquake to the day, but something like "there is possibility of an earthquake of over X magnitude between 23rd of November and 30th of December".

Would these predictions be highly unreliable or realistic?

How exactly would you go about the prediction and monitoring?

submitted by /u/anetanetanet
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Why does warming oceans release CO2, while simultanously acidifying due to carbonic acid from CO2?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 07:55 AM PDT

I read a climate science study claiming as temperatures rise, CO2 increases in the atmosphere follows - A hot coke bottle was used an example. I don't understand why the oceans are acidifying, if CO2 leaves, it follows equlibirum would shift towards less carbonic acid in the water increasing pH.

submitted by /u/bogcom
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When bleeding, how does the body regain the blood it has lost? How does the body actually create that blood and how does it know when to stop?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 05:01 AM PDT

When you are bleeding, you lose blood. However, I was wondering how does the body actually regain blood lost? From what does it make blood, and what ensures that the mechanism does not make too much or too little. Is this different for different degress of injuries (papercut vs. amputation sort of thing...)? If there was too much blood in someone's body, does the body get rid of it?

submitted by /u/ChocoGabz
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Why does dough become less sticky when adding flour?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 09:09 AM PDT

What causes magnetic to be attracted to metals?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 08:56 AM PDT

Why does AM wave produce sidebands??

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 10:47 PM PDT

Amplitude modulation is varying the amplitude of a carrier based on the amplitude of the message signal by keeping the frequency of the carrier same, but in DSB AM waves, why do we consider the upper side band with freq fc+fm and lower side band with freq fc-fm, this is very confusing to me please explain, Thank you. :)

submitted by /u/kx44
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Sunday, October 28, 2018

Are there different climates in space and do specific areas have fluctuations in temperature?

Are there different climates in space and do specific areas have fluctuations in temperature?


Are there different climates in space and do specific areas have fluctuations in temperature?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 09:39 PM PDT

Do volcanic islands preserve fossils in the same way as sedimentary rocks? If not, how do paleontologists reconstruct the evolutionary history of organisms on volcanic islands?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 09:03 AM PDT

To be more specific, are there well understood evolutionary histories of the animals native to the Hawaiian Islands or Iceland, for example?

submitted by /u/VeryLittle
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Has there been an example of two species actively hunting each other for consumption?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 07:02 PM PDT

Except for humans, of course.

submitted by /u/Mesahusa
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How bright is the center of a galaxy?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 09:44 PM PDT

When you see pictures of other galaxies, from my understanding, there's a ton of light due to the supermassive black holes and probably a ton of stars near the center. If you were on a planet in that area, would your night sky always be bright? What would it look like?

Sorry for the bad formatting as I'm typing from mobile.

submitted by /u/icantthinkofacreativ
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Why do flames always burn upwards?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 08:30 AM PDT

When we burn something, why does it always burn upwards? What causes the fire to take a particular shape?

submitted by /u/pdshah91
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If a childs parent or parents are drug addicts or alcoholics does this effect the child in any biologically?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 07:00 AM PDT

Why isn’t 1 considered a prime number? And for that matter, maybe zero too?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 07:30 PM PDT

This might be dumb... but I thought a prime number was a number that is only divisible by one and itself... well both are true for one. Sure it's redundant, but still. And zero—clearly it can be divided by one. I get that dividing by zero is a big no no, but it seems like a weird case for zero divided by zero.

submitted by /u/waking_dream96
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How do you calculate acoustic wavefront db dropoff?

Posted: 28 Oct 2018 12:44 AM PDT

I understand the inverse square law, and how to calculate point source volume, but how does this apply to a wavefront?
Say you had an infinite wall of speakers in two dimensions, would the volume at distance still behave as an inverse square from the source even though the pressure wave can't spread out?
Or more practically, if you had a single 30' speaker, would the speaker cone surface still be considered the point source? My intuition tells me that it would behave like the point source is further behind the speaker because the pressure wave wouldn't be able to disperse as rapidly, but I don't understand the physics enough to know if that's true or why.
Thanks!

submitted by /u/Red_Icnivad
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Why don't we use therapeutic hypothermia when dealing with anticoagulation, or brain bleeds, etc.?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 01:37 PM PDT

If ice can help a bruise by constricting blood vessels, why don't we use that on a greater scale, like for people on blood thinners, or for brain bleeds that won't clot?

submitted by /u/GeminiJupiter
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Why do peoples’ sweat smell so differently? Is it purely because of ones lifestyle?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 03:05 PM PDT

How big does Reynolds Number get in real life pipelines, such as oil pipelines?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 12:00 PM PDT

I couldn't find any actual numbers for this, wanted it as a reference point for a project I am doing. Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/NTheGreater
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What is charge?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 12:55 PM PDT

According to Wikipedia

"Charges correspond to the time-invariant generators of a symmetry group, and specifically, to the generators that commute with the Hamiltonian"

Can someone dumb that down a bit?

How does charge lead to two particles exhibiting a force?

Do the different type of charge lead to the same type of force being exerted on carriers of a charge (i.e. does color charge attract or repel like electric charge)?

submitted by /u/hvgotcodes
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There was a post recently that states that blind people use the same facial expressions to show emotions as non-blind people. That means that these reactions are innate, not learnt. At biological level, how does this information is coded on our DNA and how it s transformed is some neural connection?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 06:48 AM PDT

Does NASA's water deluge system during rocket launches use salt water (from the sea) or fresh/distilled water?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 08:05 AM PDT

I wasn't sure if the salt in the sea water would cause issues or not. I also figured that using sea water might be more cost effective with where Cape Canaveral is situated.

submitted by /u/humidstraw
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How have we found out about how big the universe is, how far the Andromeda Galaxy is away from us etc. without any exploration that far?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 08:13 AM PDT

Can a linear particle accelerator be powered by chemical cells? Where does the energy come from?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 06:18 AM PDT

That is, can a battery be used to create an electric field between two plates, which is used to accelerate an electron for example? Would the battery discharge? If so, how?

Edit: the electron would be produced by another source, and the battery is just used to accelerate it

submitted by /u/StirFru
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At a molecular level, why does exposing proteins to low pH levels cause them to denature?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 09:57 AM PDT

Why do Muon Catalyzed Fusion happen at such low temperatures?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 05:39 AM PDT

I saw a minutephysics video talking about how Muon Catalyzed Fusion can occur at room temperature because using Muons instead of electrons makes atomic radii much smaller and therefore much more likely to reach with each other.

However, by that logic, shouldn't nuclear fusion happen all the time around the temperature where hydrogen gas becomes ionized because then the atomic radii become as small as the nucleus?

I thought the reason that nuclear fusion requires such high energy is because you need to be able to overcome to proton-proton repulsion enough to let the strong force take over at close distances. How does using Muons allow us to accomplish this at less than room temperature?

submitted by /u/UberEinstein99
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How do we actually know the age of the Earth? (Repost)

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 02:55 PM PDT

I come from a math background and I'd like to know the methodology of how we get the estimates we all agree upon today regarding the age of the Earth. I have looked at many websites and articles but they always beat around the bush and never answer the question. I just want to know how to calculate the age of the Earth, which I think would be a good activity in a math class. I've heard about radiometric dating but I haven't found a clear presentation on it. So, how do we get that the earth is 4.543 billion years?

Note: I posted this under Chemistry, here. I wasn't sure what flair to choose.

submitted by /u/dirtycapitalistpigs
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The moon is able to redirect the sun's illumination onto the earth. Does the earth also illuminate the moon the same way? With less, or more intensity?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 01:06 AM PDT

Is it possible to create a triplet of quantum entanglement?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 10:01 PM PDT

So in other words you entangle 1 qubit to another, the 2nd to a 3rd and the 1st to the 3rd. Because if you are, if you read the first qubit as a 1 what would the other 2 display?

submitted by /u/aberki1234
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Why do humans not enter the rage phase of rabies and begin attacking others?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 08:25 PM PDT

I was reading this and then did my own research on this twisted, evil microorganism and it occured to me that not one human has entered the rage phase. At most I saw a vid of a clearly infected child under its partial control with a entirely red body, a foamy mouth and screaming out once.

submitted by /u/EldritchEmoji
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What is at the edge of the universe?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 08:28 AM PDT

When scientists say the universe is all "space and time" do they mean all space and time within which matter and energy can exist? (I always thought space was infinite) If not I have some questions:

If the universe is finite (including space), then if I am at the edge of the universe, what would I see? If I was at the edge of the universe and kept going, where would I end up, given that there is no space? Is there a wall or something?

submitted by /u/1235678asd
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