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Wednesday, October 10, 2018

Can we split a proton to create energy the same way we split a nucleus for energy?

Can we split a proton to create energy the same way we split a nucleus for energy?


Can we split a proton to create energy the same way we split a nucleus for energy?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 02:55 PM PDT

How were sufficiently coherent light sources generated for optics experiments before lasers?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 12:48 PM PDT

All the optics and photonics lab work I did as an undergrad a decade ago used a laser as the source due to its coherence.

I still don't understand how the famous optics experiments (thin slit interferences, interferometers...) that predated the laser were achieved without that advantage.

submitted by /u/serack
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Why can't the water being stored at Fukushima be reused for cooling?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 05:15 AM PDT

I'm sure it has been asked before but I cannot find the answer. Why can't the massive amounts of radioactive water being stored at Fukushima be reused to cool what is left of the reactors?

submitted by /u/my1973vw
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How does the nuclear power source work on the Voyager spacecraft?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 03:22 AM PDT

I understand how normal steam turbine nuclear plants work.

It's perceivable that Voyager uses a similar system but a bit impractical..

If anyone knows how Voyager makes its power I'd be greatly appreciated.

Thanks

submitted by /u/blitzkriegkitten
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AskScience AMA Series: We are Dr. Andrea Howard and Dr. Erin Barker, Associate Professors of Psychology at Carleton and Concordia Universities. We study the transition to university and university student mental health and well-being. Ask us anything!

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 04:00 AM PDT

It's early October and a new crop of students are making their way through the challenges of their first semester at college or university. Academic deadlines are starting to loom for everyone, and some students are about to write their first midterms. In our research, we've noticed across several samples of undergraduates that problems like depressive symptoms start to get worse on average over the course of the first year of university. A paper we published earlier this year showed this effect specifically for students who experienced relatively higher levels of academic stress.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29470761

In our research we're hoping to get a better idea of what we (universities, parents, and students) can do to ease the transition to university and help students set themselves up for success across their university careers. Social relationships, academic habits, working while studying, substance use and other lifestyle behaviours, and financial stress are all pieces of the puzzle that we're examining in our labs.

We'll be here from 12pm to 2pm Eastern (16-18 UT) and are looking forward to your questions and comments!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What are neutral mesons made of?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 09:21 AM PDT

I was reading about the different types of mesons on Wikipedia and learned that, while most of them seem intuitive - a bound state of a quark and an antiquark, there are some (such as the neutral pi, rho and omega mesons) whose composition is "(Downantidown - upantiup) / square root of two". What does this mean? Are they oscillating between flavors? What's the difference between the neutral pi and rho mesons if they both have this same weird composition?

It gets even weirder when I see there is no "normal" bound state of up/antiup and down/antidown yet there exist mesons made up of charm/anticharm, strange/antistrange and bottom/antibottom.

submitted by /u/Swingfire
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If we had a mass of Neutrons in a vaccum would they turn into Hydrogen Gas?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 05:14 AM PDT

Hello,

So I know that a Neutron is composed of Down Down Up Quarks. I also know from reading that a W Boson leaves one of the Quarks it becomes a Up Up Down which is a Proton as well as ejecting an electron and an Anti-neutrino. I also know that the half life of a Neutron outside the nucleus is about 14 mins so it decays quite quickly

My question is if we had a mass of Netrons that all decayed like this not being near other matter (and therefore not able to enter the nucleus of that matter)? Would it not form a cloud of Hydrogen Gas as it would leave behind Protons and electrons?

submitted by /u/Tikinola
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Why do we get tired?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 03:49 AM PDT

When a person urinates, why doesn't their bladder create a vacuum? Or does it?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 06:38 PM PDT

I just realized, how can urine flow and be replenished without us feeling discomfort of the bladder shrinking. How does the bladder not create a vacuum after all of the urine is excreted? Does air somehow fill the space the urine had left or are there muscles that allow the bladder to contract and decrease the space that is now empty?

submitted by /u/John__MacTavish
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Question why is one side of a person different to the other?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 03:06 AM PDT

So I've recently been taking notice that probably down the middle of a human being you can see all sorts of minor defects most common is one eye socket larger then the other. Also fingers being larger then the ones on the other hand. What is the science?

submitted by /u/LT_B_Board
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How to determine if a large set of numbers was randomly generated?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 05:02 PM PDT

Lets say I am trying to determine if my D20 is balanced by tracking the outcomes. I have a sample size of 800 rolls which I would think would be sufficient for this analysis. I know that there are different statistical tests that can be performed to determine if the data set is truly random but I don't understand statistics enough to perform or understand the outcome of any of the tests. I have my samples recorded in excel and if there is a way to do it in there that would be even more helpful but I am open to any suggestions. If my sample size isn't big enough I can always add to it without a problem.

submitted by /u/Fuzzy_Pajama
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Why do some things burn and others don't?

Posted: 10 Oct 2018 12:34 AM PDT

On this latest SpaceX launch, why are the exhaust gases different colors between the Merlin engines and Merlin vacuum variant?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 04:13 PM PDT

Can animals be afraid of an item which represents a predator they have no point of reference for?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 04:46 PM PDT

So a while ago there was this trend of people scaring their cats with cucumbers. Some people stated it could've been because they look like snakes. This sparked a discussion between my friend and I. A current domestic cat has never seen a snake, nor has it had any reasons to be afraid of something with a similar look. Is it possible that this knowledge is hereditary? In other words, can an animal be afraid of an item because it represents a dangerous animal which it has never seen or met?

submitted by /u/DutchPhenom
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Why do we need flu shots every year, while other shots can last decades?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 07:52 PM PDT

Why does the sun appear orange at sunset and sunrise but during the day appear white?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 04:05 PM PDT

Can solar flares affect the temperature of the Earth?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 03:37 PM PDT

Does the pupil shape of specific animals (goats; rectangular, cats; oval) affect the way they create an image in their mind?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 05:23 AM PDT

Is there any species of animals that create or modify their food to enhance their experience similar to how us humans do so?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 08:08 AM PDT

I'm sorry for the misleading flair. Not sure what to put this question under

submitted by /u/1075701
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How do warmer falls effect bird migration?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 06:34 PM PDT

I live in the north east United States, and it was nearly 80° today, which is the warmest I've experienced in October. Does this confuse birds and other animals as far as when they should migrate? Some days have been warm, but others are dropping below 50°

submitted by /u/ClockworkPrincesss
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Is there an evolutionary explanation to why some people don't have wisdom teeth?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 11:06 AM PDT

In the distant future should we expect people with wisdom teeth to be as rare as people without them today?

submitted by /u/OODanK
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How is surface tension related to droplet formation?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 01:15 PM PDT

Say you're trying to form a drop of water by letting it out of a small tube. Using the same tube, after adding soap to the water, will the drops formed in this process be bigger or smaller compared to pure water drops?

submitted by /u/HibbityHip
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If you had a fossil of one of your ancient ancestors, could you tell that you were related?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 12:30 PM PDT

Let's say I have a fossilized bone from early homo-erectus. Is there a way I could tell if I am it's descendant? If so, how? If not, why?

submitted by /u/HughJassmanTheThird
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What makes us think we can directly detect Dark Matter?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 09:20 AM PDT

There are in-progress experiments to directly observe Dark Matter (or, specifically, WIMPs) via scattering off atomic nuclei within large (and very sensitive) detector apparatus

What makes us think that WIMPs will interact with nuclei in this way? Is it not possible that WIMPs interact via gravity only - and hence would not be expected to trigger the detector?

submitted by /u/jamesfmackenzie
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Tuesday, October 9, 2018

Where did all the sand in the Sahara Desert come from?

Where did all the sand in the Sahara Desert come from?


Where did all the sand in the Sahara Desert come from?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 03:22 PM PDT

How unique is the fact that our moon's rotational speed matches it's traslational speed so that the same side of the moon is permanently facing earth?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 06:18 PM PDT

Given that the majority of calculations performed by a computer are some sort of matrix inversion, solution of a linear system equations, or solving some partial-differential equation, are there known Quantum Computer algorithms that actually provide speed-up for these problems?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 01:33 AM PDT

Looking at a list of quantum algorithms many of the problems seem very... artificial... relative to the kinds of calculations that computers are doing on a daily basis.

Factoring primes is nice and all, but can I, say, diagonalize or invert a matrix using a quantum algorithm? If not, shouldn't this be a serious point of concern? I understand the potential as "quantum simulators" and that's certainly potentially valuable, but quantum many-body calculations are only the tiniest sub-set of the numerical calculations that we do in our society.

submitted by /u/DigForFire90
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Where does the 3/5 term arise from in the potential energy of the charge distribution of a nucleus?

Posted: 09 Oct 2018 02:27 AM PDT

In the Semi-Empirical Mass Formula, the coulomb term is aZ2 / A1/3 as far as im aware, with "a" being the electrostatic coulomb constant, (3/5)(1/4pi)(1/epsilon0)(1/r0). I understand where all the terms come from as its the simple electrostatic repulsion form, but this 3/5 term seems to come from nowhere. I'm doing tutorial questions and i am ever so slightly numerically out from the solutions we have - however including this 3/5 term i found on Wikipedia gets me to the correct answer, but i haven't seen it before).

Sorry for the bad formatting, this is my first post like this. Thanks in advance for any help.

submitted by /u/NuclearBearShark
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Water will flow out of long hose if empty first. Not if some water is in it. Why?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 12:50 PM PDT

I bought a very long water hose (330 ft / 100m). I hooked it up, opened the valve and water flowed through it without any problem. I disconnected the hose for a minute or two, connected again and nothing came out. I tried blowing through it and even a pump. Absolutely nothing. I disconnected, lifted one end and proceeded to lift the hose a little at a time through the entire length emptying it by gravity. Blew on it again and this time met very little resistance. Connected the hose, opened the valve and water flowed again. I repeated the experiment out of curiosity and let a little air in. The hose was again essentially blocked. Why?

submitted by /u/mx_prepper
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Could you "predict" all of chemistry using only Quantum Mechanics?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 03:15 PM PDT

What I mean is if you could predict the octet rule, the required activation energies for different chemical reactions, the crystalline structure that atoms will form, etc.

submitted by /u/EduardoDuhalde
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Why there are so few space probes beyond Solar system, only Voyager 1 and 2 from 70s, and New Horizons ?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 02:52 PM PDT

Does anyone know what the lines on this measuring cylinder represent? (Or rather their values)

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 01:57 PM PDT

My father found this odd measuring culling with values that he couldn't recognize the significance of, they are close to fluid ounces, but not exact, as would be expected on a measuring cylinder?Measuring Cylinder

submitted by /u/RagingRanga
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What is the natural of neutrino interaction with matter ?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 10:53 AM PDT

Neutrinos rarely interact with regular matter, but they do eventually and that's how we can detect it. But what is the nature of this interaction ?

Is it ionization for example ? Or other kind of interactions with the subatomic particles ?

Ultimately, will an ultra dense high energy neutrino burst be lethal with semptoms similar to radiation poisoning/sickness ?

submitted by /u/Xajel
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Question about particle/nuclear physics?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 02:24 PM PDT

Is it possible that the quarks making up protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus might dissociate from each other and interact with the other quarks, such that the nucleus stays together when they have fewer quarks to interact with and possibly form a subatomic particle, but in nuclei with a higher number of quarks, there is a higher probability that they will associate with the appropriate up and down quarks to form a proton or neutron and leave the nucleus, thus causing decay?

submitted by /u/ajab32k
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Do skin cells die or get damaged under contact with alcohol like bacteria does?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 09:22 PM PDT

How exactly does diabetes work and how do you get it?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 04:25 AM PDT

Do rainbow endpoints come in contact with the earths surface or dissipate before reaching it?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 11:53 AM PDT

Monday, October 8, 2018

Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?

Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?


Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:53 PM PDT

What is happening internally to make weight loss so beneficial? How does losing weight when obese improve health & obesity-related conditions like insulin resistance etc.?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 07:56 AM PDT

This feels like it should be like, obvious. But for some reason...I don't REALLY know what happens to a body that loses excess fat.

How does weight loss improve health?

Reducing stress on joints makes intuitive sense. But how does weight loss improve insulin sensitivity? How does it improve cholesterol? How does it improve blood pressure?

Is it losing fat that does that, or simply eating less?

Etc.

Hope this question makes sense. I'm on a journey to lose 100lbs and wondering what's happening inside o me to make me healthier (I hope!)

submitted by /u/saturnsrevengebody
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AskScience AMA Series: We are hydrogen and fuel cell experts at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, here to talk about using catalytic science to convert dispersed carbon into chemicals and energy-dense liquid fuels. AUA!

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 06:50 AM PDT

Hi Reddit! Did you know that October 8 is National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day? It's definitely a day worth celebrating - after all, hydrogen and fuel cells are the perfect partners for clean, fuel-efficient transportation and a secure energy future. Here at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we've pushed the frontiers of hydrogen and fuel cell research. In the area of electrocatalysis, we've developed a new molybdenum phosphide-based non-platinum group metal catalyst that has 5 times greater performance over similar current catalysts and improved results over platinum catalysts for microbial electrolysis. We've also invented a new design for magnetocaloric hydrogen liquefaction that integrates flow values to enable startup from room temperature as well as optimized operation. And our Chemical Transformations Initiative is allowing us to transform wastes into useful products like aviation fuels, while generating hydrogen gas at the same time.

We'll be on at 12:30 PT (3:30 ET, 20:30 UT), ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why is the ITER Tokomak project taking so long to produce results? (Wiki: "Initial plasma experiments are scheduled to begin in 2025, with full deuterium–tritium fusion experiments starting in 2035.")

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 12:13 AM PDT

Why does Uranus look more uniform and less streaky than Neptune when they have similar atmospheric compositions?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:17 PM PDT

Uranus looks way more uniform than Neptune, and it's also a lighter shade of blue.

If they have very similar atmospheric compositions, mustn't their appearances be nearly the same?

submitted by /u/ancientkillerX
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How does the brains of conjoined twins process sensation?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:37 PM PDT

Like if they touch a hot surface does that immediate response to move away get sent to both brains or just one?

submitted by /u/turftoe420
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Why are spin-up nucleons considered to be lower energy states as opposed to spin-down that are higher energy?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 12:12 AM PDT

Studying MRIs right now, and there's a bit of theory that I'm yet to understand about resonance when you subject precessing nuclei to pulses of radio waves. From what I managed to grasp:

When the right frequency (of what?) is given (equivalent to the Larmor frequency of the particular nucleus), the nucleus can be made to flip from a lower energy state (spin-up = parallel to the external magnetic field direction) to a higher energy state (spin-down = antiparallel to the ext mg direction). They rotate in phase with the pulse, and thus, with each other.

Learning medical physics has been a struggle (what I get for not doing jack crap for the most part of school - missed on learning all the basics), but this sub has been A LIFESAVER (it's subscribers, actually). I cannot thank you all educated people enough!!

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How is truly elastic scattering of a photon from an electron possible?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 07:48 AM PDT

Let's assume that a photon interacts with an electron and is elastically scattered. The photon is deflected by the electron and it's original direction of motion is changed but it maintains the same energy, i.e. wavelength. The deflection of the photon results in momentum exchange whereby after the collision the photon has a new momentum (from the altered direction) and likewise the electron must "recoil" in order to conserve momentum.

This is what is perplexing - it would seem that after scattering if the original photon is at its exact same original energy/wavelength then this would imply that the electron could not have any energy "given" to it by the photon. BUT if the photon has a new momentum then the electron MUST have had its momentum and kinetic energy changed (absorbing or giving energy from/to the photon) to account for conservation of momentum?

How can these two opposing ideas be reconciled? Essentially, the question boils down to how can a photon have the same original energy but changed momentum after scattering? Is elastic scattering truly elastic or are there slight decreases/increases in wavelength of light after the scattering incident?

submitted by /u/robedude
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We’ve hybridized things like ligers. If ethics weren’t an issue, what could humans themselves hybridize with, if anything?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:32 PM PDT

Does thermal expansion contribute to rising sea levels?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:04 PM PDT

In my English student's book (On Screen B2+, pg. 38-39), the authors state that the main contribution to rising sea levels is thermal expansion, and while that does make sense, I have never heard this theory, and feel like its not significant enough compared to melting ice, so does thermal expansion contribute a lot to rising sea levels?

submitted by /u/Player9050
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Do rain drop bursts mid air in certain conditions? What is it called?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:41 PM PDT

About two years ago in a light rain on top of a building, I saw many drops coming towards my face and burst into few small drops mid air. It was mesmerizing, because their direction was right towards me and they were light and not so fast, I was able to track them with eyes and watched them split mid air. I can explain in more detail if needed.

It continued for 5-7 minutes and then air changed its path and slowed down and the scene ended. What is this phenomenon called? Are there any videos or pictures of it? I could not find it on Internet.

submitted by /u/lifeh2o
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Why did the Chernobyl plant have to be encased?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 01:32 PM PDT

I've been reading about the second Sarcophagus and the amount of planning and funding that went into it. Why was the first "tomb" only slated to last 20 years? Can the radiation actually eat through the concrete/other materials that were covering the exposed core?

submitted by /u/VarokSaurfang
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Do we experience significant time dilation because of how fast we are moving relative to a still point in space?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:58 PM PDT

Because we are so small, we're moved around by a lot of things. As humans we rotate on earth, earth is revolving around the sun. The sun is revolving around our galaxy, and our galaxy is moving away from other galaxies. So my question is, if we were to compare our relative time to a completely still point. Would there be a significant difference? And if so, about how big would it be?

submitted by /u/Hungryshark211
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When it's said the amplitude of a spherical wave decreases at 1/d², shouldn't it be 1/(1+d²) to avoid absurd results at 0:1m?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 11:33 PM PDT

Has climate change made weather forecasting more difficult?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 07:52 AM PDT

In my Environmental Science class, we've been talking about the carbon cycle a lot. Because I learned that CO2 specifically contributes to climate change, I was wondering if due to the rapidly rising CO2 levels and a rising average global temperature, if that has made weather forecasting more difficult.

submitted by /u/coffeefandom
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Why do hurricanes turn north as they approach North America?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:14 PM PDT

Perhaps this is just a false perception I have, but it seems that hurricanes tend to turn north as they approach North and Central America. I doubt that is a matter of ocean currents, though I know they turn north as well. But look at Tropical Storm Michael now. It is currently near the Yucatan, but it is projected to shoot north and then to the northeast. Why does this happen?

https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2018-10-07-tropical-storm-hurricane-michael-forecast-gulf-coast-florida

submitted by /u/brjohn9
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Why are humans and animals not fertile all the time?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 03:32 PM PDT

I'm fairly well informed on the human menstrual cycle, so I'm not looking for an explanation of that.
My question is, from an evolutionary standpoint, why are animals not fertile all the time?

I learned that female pandas are only fertile 36 hours per year.

It seems unlikely that it costs the body a lot of resources to produce an ovum.

The only reason I can imagine is just to regulate a species' population growth.

submitted by /u/Bawbalicious
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Do deaf people with dyslexia have a hard time understanding sign language?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 03:14 PM PDT

Sign language involves interpreting language using visual interpretation, so would dyslexia make that difficult? Or does sign language go through a different path in the brain?

PS not sure which flair is most suitable - sorry if it's a bad choice!

submitted by /u/Just_A_Dogsbody
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Can animal remains fossilize on the ocean floor?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:41 PM PDT

Why is vitamin A specifically prescribed for patients with measles?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 06:32 AM PDT

Sorry for the stupid question

submitted by /u/tempo1233
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