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Monday, October 8, 2018

Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?

Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?


Is it possible for a planet to have a perpetual solar eclipse if a satellite orbits at the same speed as the planets rotation?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:53 PM PDT

What is happening internally to make weight loss so beneficial? How does losing weight when obese improve health & obesity-related conditions like insulin resistance etc.?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 07:56 AM PDT

This feels like it should be like, obvious. But for some reason...I don't REALLY know what happens to a body that loses excess fat.

How does weight loss improve health?

Reducing stress on joints makes intuitive sense. But how does weight loss improve insulin sensitivity? How does it improve cholesterol? How does it improve blood pressure?

Is it losing fat that does that, or simply eating less?

Etc.

Hope this question makes sense. I'm on a journey to lose 100lbs and wondering what's happening inside o me to make me healthier (I hope!)

submitted by /u/saturnsrevengebody
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AskScience AMA Series: We are hydrogen and fuel cell experts at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, here to talk about using catalytic science to convert dispersed carbon into chemicals and energy-dense liquid fuels. AUA!

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 06:50 AM PDT

Hi Reddit! Did you know that October 8 is National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day? It's definitely a day worth celebrating - after all, hydrogen and fuel cells are the perfect partners for clean, fuel-efficient transportation and a secure energy future. Here at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we've pushed the frontiers of hydrogen and fuel cell research. In the area of electrocatalysis, we've developed a new molybdenum phosphide-based non-platinum group metal catalyst that has 5 times greater performance over similar current catalysts and improved results over platinum catalysts for microbial electrolysis. We've also invented a new design for magnetocaloric hydrogen liquefaction that integrates flow values to enable startup from room temperature as well as optimized operation. And our Chemical Transformations Initiative is allowing us to transform wastes into useful products like aviation fuels, while generating hydrogen gas at the same time.

We'll be on at 12:30 PT (3:30 ET, 20:30 UT), ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why is the ITER Tokomak project taking so long to produce results? (Wiki: "Initial plasma experiments are scheduled to begin in 2025, with full deuterium–tritium fusion experiments starting in 2035.")

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 12:13 AM PDT

Why does Uranus look more uniform and less streaky than Neptune when they have similar atmospheric compositions?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:17 PM PDT

Uranus looks way more uniform than Neptune, and it's also a lighter shade of blue.

If they have very similar atmospheric compositions, mustn't their appearances be nearly the same?

submitted by /u/ancientkillerX
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How does the brains of conjoined twins process sensation?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:37 PM PDT

Like if they touch a hot surface does that immediate response to move away get sent to both brains or just one?

submitted by /u/turftoe420
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Why are spin-up nucleons considered to be lower energy states as opposed to spin-down that are higher energy?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 12:12 AM PDT

Studying MRIs right now, and there's a bit of theory that I'm yet to understand about resonance when you subject precessing nuclei to pulses of radio waves. From what I managed to grasp:

When the right frequency (of what?) is given (equivalent to the Larmor frequency of the particular nucleus), the nucleus can be made to flip from a lower energy state (spin-up = parallel to the external magnetic field direction) to a higher energy state (spin-down = antiparallel to the ext mg direction). They rotate in phase with the pulse, and thus, with each other.

Learning medical physics has been a struggle (what I get for not doing jack crap for the most part of school - missed on learning all the basics), but this sub has been A LIFESAVER (it's subscribers, actually). I cannot thank you all educated people enough!!

submitted by /u/stickybots
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How is truly elastic scattering of a photon from an electron possible?

Posted: 08 Oct 2018 07:48 AM PDT

Let's assume that a photon interacts with an electron and is elastically scattered. The photon is deflected by the electron and it's original direction of motion is changed but it maintains the same energy, i.e. wavelength. The deflection of the photon results in momentum exchange whereby after the collision the photon has a new momentum (from the altered direction) and likewise the electron must "recoil" in order to conserve momentum.

This is what is perplexing - it would seem that after scattering if the original photon is at its exact same original energy/wavelength then this would imply that the electron could not have any energy "given" to it by the photon. BUT if the photon has a new momentum then the electron MUST have had its momentum and kinetic energy changed (absorbing or giving energy from/to the photon) to account for conservation of momentum?

How can these two opposing ideas be reconciled? Essentially, the question boils down to how can a photon have the same original energy but changed momentum after scattering? Is elastic scattering truly elastic or are there slight decreases/increases in wavelength of light after the scattering incident?

submitted by /u/robedude
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We’ve hybridized things like ligers. If ethics weren’t an issue, what could humans themselves hybridize with, if anything?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:32 PM PDT

Does thermal expansion contribute to rising sea levels?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:04 PM PDT

In my English student's book (On Screen B2+, pg. 38-39), the authors state that the main contribution to rising sea levels is thermal expansion, and while that does make sense, I have never heard this theory, and feel like its not significant enough compared to melting ice, so does thermal expansion contribute a lot to rising sea levels?

submitted by /u/Player9050
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Do rain drop bursts mid air in certain conditions? What is it called?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 02:41 PM PDT

About two years ago in a light rain on top of a building, I saw many drops coming towards my face and burst into few small drops mid air. It was mesmerizing, because their direction was right towards me and they were light and not so fast, I was able to track them with eyes and watched them split mid air. I can explain in more detail if needed.

It continued for 5-7 minutes and then air changed its path and slowed down and the scene ended. What is this phenomenon called? Are there any videos or pictures of it? I could not find it on Internet.

submitted by /u/lifeh2o
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Why did the Chernobyl plant have to be encased?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 01:32 PM PDT

I've been reading about the second Sarcophagus and the amount of planning and funding that went into it. Why was the first "tomb" only slated to last 20 years? Can the radiation actually eat through the concrete/other materials that were covering the exposed core?

submitted by /u/VarokSaurfang
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Do we experience significant time dilation because of how fast we are moving relative to a still point in space?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 10:58 PM PDT

Because we are so small, we're moved around by a lot of things. As humans we rotate on earth, earth is revolving around the sun. The sun is revolving around our galaxy, and our galaxy is moving away from other galaxies. So my question is, if we were to compare our relative time to a completely still point. Would there be a significant difference? And if so, about how big would it be?

submitted by /u/Hungryshark211
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When it's said the amplitude of a spherical wave decreases at 1/d², shouldn't it be 1/(1+d²) to avoid absurd results at 0:1m?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 11:33 PM PDT

Has climate change made weather forecasting more difficult?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 07:52 AM PDT

In my Environmental Science class, we've been talking about the carbon cycle a lot. Because I learned that CO2 specifically contributes to climate change, I was wondering if due to the rapidly rising CO2 levels and a rising average global temperature, if that has made weather forecasting more difficult.

submitted by /u/coffeefandom
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Why do hurricanes turn north as they approach North America?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:14 PM PDT

Perhaps this is just a false perception I have, but it seems that hurricanes tend to turn north as they approach North and Central America. I doubt that is a matter of ocean currents, though I know they turn north as well. But look at Tropical Storm Michael now. It is currently near the Yucatan, but it is projected to shoot north and then to the northeast. Why does this happen?

https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2018-10-07-tropical-storm-hurricane-michael-forecast-gulf-coast-florida

submitted by /u/brjohn9
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Why are humans and animals not fertile all the time?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 03:32 PM PDT

I'm fairly well informed on the human menstrual cycle, so I'm not looking for an explanation of that.
My question is, from an evolutionary standpoint, why are animals not fertile all the time?

I learned that female pandas are only fertile 36 hours per year.

It seems unlikely that it costs the body a lot of resources to produce an ovum.

The only reason I can imagine is just to regulate a species' population growth.

submitted by /u/Bawbalicious
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Do deaf people with dyslexia have a hard time understanding sign language?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 03:14 PM PDT

Sign language involves interpreting language using visual interpretation, so would dyslexia make that difficult? Or does sign language go through a different path in the brain?

PS not sure which flair is most suitable - sorry if it's a bad choice!

submitted by /u/Just_A_Dogsbody
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Can animal remains fossilize on the ocean floor?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:41 PM PDT

Why is vitamin A specifically prescribed for patients with measles?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 06:32 AM PDT

Sorry for the stupid question

submitted by /u/tempo1233
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Sunday, October 7, 2018

What causes an ice age, and is it possible for us to have another one/when could the nearest one be?

What causes an ice age, and is it possible for us to have another one/when could the nearest one be?


What causes an ice age, and is it possible for us to have another one/when could the nearest one be?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 07:02 PM PDT

why is Hilbert space useful in quantum mechanics?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 06:30 AM PDT

I believe I understand the mathematics of Hilbert spaces, but don't understand how their properties are useful for quantum mechanics in a visual sense. What is it about the dot product that applies to, say, probability amplitudes? I'm trying to understand this smbc comic if that's helpful. Sorry if this question is too basic for this sub.

submitted by /u/The_Venerable_Swede
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Is there any standard folding or organisation to the GI tract, specifically the small intestine?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 10:19 PM PDT

Does it change as we grow? Does it depend on body size? Is it genetic?

submitted by /u/MechaDesu
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I have an atom with an excited electron. A mile in every direction are cameras pointing towards the atom. The excited electron drops orbit and one photon is emitted. Who gets the photon on film? Can it register on all the cameras?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 03:01 AM PDT

I may have put this terribly, but I want to emit one photon, wave-like in every direction. If photons must have a direction then the question does not work, but opens up the new question of, Why?

submitted by /u/meurl
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Do humans inherit their voices, or is our voice a "learned" skill?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 09:12 PM PDT

I got to thinking about how some people in families sound similar, not accent, but tone, range, etc. Then I wondered if its a genetic component to how the vocal chords and diaphragm develop, or maybe its a learned behavior/skill from listening to adults as kids, and imitating those voices.

Thoughts?

submitted by /u/jeepbrahh
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Can Deinococcus Radiodurans survive autoclaving?

Posted: 07 Oct 2018 12:34 AM PDT

I am wondering if autoclaves are really all that sterile when working with extremophiles. Cannot seem to find any studies online.

submitted by /u/zhandragon
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How do experiments with high power requirements arrange their supply of electricity?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 11:28 AM PDT

It's well known that experiments such as particle accelerators, fusion tocamacs and lasers require extremely high amounts of energy to run; some for a fraction of a second, some for significantly longer.

Do these experiments have their own power stations, as it were? Or do they draw electricity from the national grid of the country their in? If so, how does the grid deal with the momentary spike in demand? Do the experiments have to schedule their demand in advance?

submitted by /u/nottherealslash
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Can someone explain quantization of EM field resulting in photos?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 10:07 AM PDT

From what I understood googling it, I think we need to use expression for TE of EMF

submitted by /u/thehumblefool237
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Why is the HPV vaccine given in multiple stages?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 02:04 PM PDT

Is "Limit of Detection" a lower bound or can it also be an upper bound?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 01:45 PM PDT

I recieved some data recently dealing with chemical contamination in sediments. When I got the data I was told " HARC_Value is calculated field we created that sets the value to 0 if the Limit of Detection is exceeded during sampling processing " when I asked for a little clarification on this I never recieved a response. The language makes me think the value was high, but if that was the case why would it be set to 0 and reported as such? My previous understanding of detection limit was that it was a lower bound. If anyone could clarify this for me I would really appreciate it.

submitted by /u/Claughy
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What medical conditions would prevent you from working with nuclear radiation? Or going places you might be exposed to radiation?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 11:58 AM PDT

Like would someone with a very compromised immune system or something like hemophilia be prevented from say working near or touring areas where you might be exposed to radiation.

submitted by /u/GorillaGravy
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What percentage of satellites are used for civilian versus military purposes? (Or both?)

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 09:16 AM PDT

This is something sparked from another question about the uses of space, but it occurred to me that there might be people out there with guesses about the relative numbers.

Many satellites currently in orbit serve what we can probably call unambiguously civilian purposes. Sirius XM radio, for example, is pumping out tunes, not war. Many of the satellites serve unambiguously military purposes, too, doing things like spying, looking for missile launches, coordinating command and control systems, playing roles in missile defense, and so on. And some satellites of course straddle the line: GPS, for example, is heavily used by military systems (and was invented and deployed originally for them exclusively), but is also heavily used by civilian systems these days as well.

Is there any kind of census of satellites that would give us a sense of what percentage of them probably fell into these respective categories (civilian, military, dual-use)? I am aware that the boundaries between them are going to be somewhat fuzzy at times, but I'm curious if we have any sense of the relative composition of space. I am just curious — if it was more military, or more civilian, or more dual-use, all of these would be interesting cases.

It would REALLY interesting to know (as a historian) if there is a way to track this over time (e.g., my assumption is that it has gotten more civilian and dual-use over time, but that might be wrong for all I know about satellites, which isn't much), but I'm not expecting that to be easily accessible data, but what do I know.

submitted by /u/restricteddata
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Are there fishes which swim up-side-down?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 04:56 AM PDT

How do Hydrogen Cars work?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 05:53 AM PDT

How do they use hydrogen to create energy for the engine?

submitted by /u/FireOfNite
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What is the rate of soil development in a grassland vs a forest in the same climate?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 05:27 AM PDT

A thread yesterday talked about how phytoplankton sequesters carbon longer than trees since it often sinks to the bottom of the ocean for thousands of years.

I have also seen some research suggesting grasslands may be better carbon sinks than forest since more of their biomass is underground. It got me wondering about the relative rates of soil deposition and google didn't net any clear answers.

submitted by /u/RIPEOTCDXVI
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Why is wireless charging so inefficient?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 04:11 AM PDT

Why is oxygen crucial to life?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 08:27 AM PDT

I read recently that there have been complex organisms found in the black sea, where the water is relatively anoxic, but my question is why isn't the black sea flourishing with life? Could it be possible that earth would have the amount of life we have today without oxygen, and if so, could intelligent life evolve in such an environment? Is oxygen crucial to having complex organisms or are there other chemicals that could support the amount of life that we have on earth today?

submitted by /u/Xzchaeitoe
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Saturday, October 6, 2018

When is a cave a cave?

When is a cave a cave?


When is a cave a cave?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 03:19 PM PDT

It's obvious most of the time, everybody knows what a cave is. You walk into a hole in the rock and wow, you're in a cave. But when is a hole in the ground not only a hole but considered a cave by science?

Bonus: Are there fast growing caves that form in a for humans observable timeframe or is it always some Million years of water carving through stone? What about caves formed by earthquakes?

submitted by /u/md63157
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The Gympie Gympie plant (link in comment) can cause pain that lasts years. How does it do this, wouldn't toxins be flushed from your system by then ?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 03:17 AM PDT

Gympie Gympie stings last an awful long time, with reports saying even after years you can still experience pain. How does this work ?

I was tempted to put this in ELI5, but I'm good with the scientific explanation as it gives me something to deep-dive into Wikipedia to kill a few hours.

submitted by /u/Nandy-bear
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Why do elderly people smell different?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 02:08 AM PDT

I have many times questioned myself why elderly people have an different odor than young people. Is there an biological explanation on this please?

submitted by /u/Scientia33
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Who owns the moon and other space-related things?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 04:11 AM PDT

What stops a country to set up a moon base or mine on asteroid for precious metals? Will the colonizing of space be like a "free for all, grab what yours" or are there certain rules?

submitted by /u/AIec18
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In the context of nuclear reactions, what is the difference between prompt criticality and delayed criticality? Why does one result in a nuclear explosion while the other does not despite them both being supercritical reactions?

Posted: 06 Oct 2018 03:01 AM PDT

I already understand the process by which nuclear reactors work to a fundamental level with the ideas of moderators and control rods sorted, but what I cannot seem to understand is the difference between prompt and delayed criticality. Like, both are supercritical so both should in theory result in exponential growth of neutron emissions, right? Rephrasing the question, why is there a sudden difference between 1<k<1/(1-beta) and k>1/(1-beta) despite both resulting in exponential growth of neutrons? I looked up the Wikipedia article on this and it did not help. Thank you!

submitted by /u/aberki1234
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When you get a headache from say, constant loud noise, what exactly is hurting if your brain has no pain receptors?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 08:08 PM PDT

How long after death does all electrical activity in the brain cease?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 10:02 AM PDT

Do fever-reducing medicines deprive your immune system of the benefits of having a higher body temperature while fighting an infection?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 01:03 PM PDT

[Psychology] How does Compassion Fatigue apply to fields not typically associated with trauma, such as technical support?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 04:18 PM PDT

I'm a team lead in large enterprise support, we commonly deal with disaster scenarios every day where companies risk losing their businesses or livelihoods due to data loss. I've observed many symptoms of Compassion Fatigue in my agents and would like to know if there's any official studies or answers on this topic.

submitted by /u/snakejawz
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If one of the conditions for cancer is replenishing telomeres for unbounded growth, then what happens to cancer growths without this trait? Do they stop growing at a certain size, forming a stable sized tumor?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 12:52 PM PDT

Is Hawking still correct?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 01:12 PM PDT

In A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking wrote,

"Now at first sight all this evidence that the universe looks the same whichever direction we look in might seem to suggest there is something special about our place in the universe. In particular, it might seem that if we observe all other galaxies to be moving away from us, then we must be at the center of the universe. There is, however, an alternate explanation: the universe might look the same in every direction as seen from any other galaxy too. This, as we have seen,was Friedmann's second assumption. We have no scientific evidence for, or against, this assumption [the assumption that the universe has no center]. We believe it on the grounds of modesty. It would be most remarkable if the universe looked the same in every direction around us, but not around other points in the universe!" (A Brief History of Time 44-45).

My question is this. Have we discovered something since the time Hawking wrote this that would justify the belief that the universe has no center?

Let me clarify my request. I'm not asking for explanations of the data that are merely consistent with the idea that there is no center. I'm asking for evidence that has been discovered since the time of his statement that can be best explained (or only explained) by believing that the universe has no center. I already infer from Hawking's statement that

A) explanations of the data that are merely consistent with the idea that there is no center already existed when he wrote his book, and

B) no evidence existed at the time of his writing that could be best explained (or only explained) by believing that the universe has no center.

Thanks.

Edit: In an ideal world, I could have a source that directly addresses Hawking's statement and demonstrates how what he said is no longer the case, but I will be grateful for whatever assistance is on offer.

submitted by /u/nomenmeum
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During CPR, how does the heart fill back up with blood after a chest compression?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 01:00 PM PDT

Are smaller organism’s cells smaller than a larger organism’s cells?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 11:39 AM PDT

What is the full meaning of omega (density parameter) = 1 concerning our universe?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 03:11 PM PDT

I have been reading through Mapping the Heavens and the chapter over dark energy has left me with some questions I can't find exact answers to. Forgive my questions if they sound ignorant or are worded inaccurately.

  1. From my understanding, omega is the sum of all matter (dark and normal) plus lambda; the former contributes 0.3 to omega and the latter 0.7. However, these numbers aren't exact and omega may be just over or just under 1. However, it seems like the consensus is that it is exactly 1. Is this still the consensus or is there new data?
  2. Also, if omega is 1, then that means our universe's matter is exactly at the critical density to prevent collapse?
  3. Does the former (#2) mean that our universe will continue to expand but stop at some point or will expansion continue accelerating?
  4. What is the fundamental difference between the Big Chill model and the Big Rip model? If the universe continues to expand, would not the Big Chill happen first, followed later by the Big Rip? I don't understand how the latter wouldn't eventually also happen.
submitted by /u/yungskiddy
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What do you call the small broken up islands that surround northern land masses like Greenland?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 01:40 PM PDT

What do you call the frayed edges of northern land masses like Greenland? The small, broken up pieces of land that sometimes seperate off the main land mass into tiny islands(They are so small, I'm not sure if Island is the correct term.). If I could figure out a way to post a picture, I would circle what I mean in red...

submitted by /u/MFF_zews
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Why can't our brains/bodies restart after dying?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 07:03 AM PDT

I understand the brain and body need certain nutrients and elements to function and will die without those. Much like a computer needing power, the brain will die without oxygen (for example). But unlike a computer starting up again after being dead by powering it, why can't a brain or some cells that died because of lack or nutrients start up again if they're given those nutrients after death?

submitted by /u/But_IAmARobot
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If the sun is expanding, does that mean that the habitable zone is also changing ?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 07:37 AM PDT

At what distance does diving into water go from recreational to lethal?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 11:38 AM PDT

During a harmonic alignment of the planets is the barycenter of our solar system ever outside the sphere of the sun?

Posted: 05 Oct 2018 10:12 AM PDT