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Friday, September 21, 2018

How come there is formation of two molecular orbitals when there is single interference of atomic orbitals in Molecular Orbital Theory?

How come there is formation of two molecular orbitals when there is single interference of atomic orbitals in Molecular Orbital Theory?


How come there is formation of two molecular orbitals when there is single interference of atomic orbitals in Molecular Orbital Theory?

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 01:39 AM PDT

Why do waves come in sets?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 12:42 PM PDT

I was out diving today in heavy surf and got advice from the dive master to watch for a set of 3 big waves to come by before surfacing - evidently after 3 big ones, you'll get about 3 or 4 smaller ones, making it much easier to clamber back on to the ladder. I was a little doubtful, but it turned out to provide me the 30 second window I needed to have a substantially easier transition...

But it made me wonder: with the same wind pushing the water, why aren't all waves approximately the same size? Why do they come in sets of a few waves at a time, instead of hundreds, or instead of randomly variable waves?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/ProLicks
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Do elections orbit an atomic nucleus in a 2d disc similarly to celestial objects such as galaxies and planetary rings? Why/ why not? And what's the math behind it.

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 10:52 PM PDT

How do colligative properties change when talking about non-dilute solutions?

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 04:38 AM PDT

I'm curious at what point do the laws pertaining to boiling point, melting point, osmosis pressure and partial point pressure no longer apply to all solute/solvent combinations equally.

submitted by /u/Hoihe
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Can hydrofluric acid be used to quicken lens grinding?

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 03:03 AM PDT

If I have a non-random sequence, what should I append to it to make it look random? (explanation below)

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 02:49 AM PDT

There's a sequence of N characters, generated by a simple algorithm that was not designed to make its outputs look random. I can append a sequence of M arbitrary characters to it. My goal is to make the whole sequence of N+M symbols appear as random as possible.

I don't know what kind of statistical tests my adversary is going to use. But I know that he has no particular assumptions about what kind of algorithm could have produced the sequence (although, obviously, shorter algorithms are assumed to be more likely, as per Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference).

Should I just append M random symbols to it? Or should I try to "compensate" for the non-randomness of the initial sequence? For example, if the initial sequence has a shortage of zeros, should I add more zeros to my sequence to make up for it? Or would it just bring the apparent fidelity even further down?

I need the most general answer you can come up with, without any assumptions of the value of N, M, and the algorithm.

(I know this whole affair sounds fishy, but I'm not actually doing anything illegal or unethical)

submitted by /u/thetimujin
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In the concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals how come there is no hybridization which does not involve an "s" orbital?

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 01:33 AM PDT

During capillary action the average gravitational potential energy of the molecules increases. Where does that energy come from?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 02:30 PM PDT

Is there a name or term for cellular organelles (like the mitochondria and chloroplast) that were likely derived from symbiotic cooperation between early unicellular organisms?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 11:02 AM PDT

I'm making an index card based evolutionary tree of life for my son. Are there terms for these symbiotic cytoplasm dwellers with genetically distinct DNA from the cell in which they are housed?

Is there any consensus on whether these organelles were derived from viruses, bacteria, or archaea?

submitted by /u/likechoklit4choklit
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Will friction eventually stop a domino line?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 03:35 PM PDT

When you knock over the first domino in a line you are essentially putting energy into that system. So since friction takes away energy and makes it unusable will a line of dominoes eventually stop when friction takes enough of the usable energy away, or will the line go on indefinitely?

submitted by /u/towel_monkey
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Jupiter is a massive gas giant and yet it has one of the strongest gravitational pulls. How can a planet made mostly of gas have such strong gravitational force?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 10:50 PM PDT

How does supraconductivity work ?

Posted: 21 Sep 2018 04:19 AM PDT

Superconductivity*

submitted by /u/Whiskun
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The universe is so big! There must be so many chances for life! Why havent we found/heard from any alien species?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 11:12 AM PDT

How does an electron move to a lower orbit?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 11:02 AM PDT

What's the nature of the mechanisms involved in the process?

submitted by /u/Sitervain
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If Anti Hydrogen (Hydrogen made of antimatter) gives off the same exact spectrum as normal hydrogen, then how do we know that hydrogen we've seen in space is normal matter, not antimatter?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 12:51 PM PDT

https://youtu.be/G2q221JGaK8 A source video about the spectrum

submitted by /u/GrooveMaster416
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Thursday, September 20, 2018

What makes recycling certain plastics hard/expensive?

What makes recycling certain plastics hard/expensive?


What makes recycling certain plastics hard/expensive?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 04:13 AM PDT

Does a diamond melt in lava?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 04:15 AM PDT

Trying to settle a dispute between two 6-year-olds

submitted by /u/actually_crazy_irl
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Do the physics governing stellar evolution allow a star to form and achieve Hydrostatic equilibrium in 2-Dimensional space?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 06:46 AM PDT

What happened to all the anti-matter?

Posted: 20 Sep 2018 03:55 AM PDT

As per Physics...The amount of matter and antimatter produced or released after the big bang must be equal, then why is it so rare, and also how do scientists make it in the Large Haldron Collider?

Is it possible that there is a whole another anti-universe or something?Why does it release tremendous amounts of energy when it comes into contact with matter?

and one last thing...If anti-matter can give us tremendous amounts of energy, then matter also should be able to give the same tremendous amounts of energy when it contacts anti-matter in, say, an anti-matter planet or something, right? then that way if we find out a Place made out of anti-matter, then that'd be a great exchange for the aliens living there, and for us to give our normal matter and get some anti-matter, right?

Fuel for us, fuel for them and we weigh not based on the item, but based on the mass. Or is it that matter out of a Diamond would release more energy when contacted with anti-matter than a banana peel? Just Curious.

I hope all of it makes sense.

Edit: Now it might make a little more sense(Punctuation xD)

submitted by /u/IDKPhotoshop
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Why haven't we adopted and improved upon Nikola Tesla's designs for wireless charging and power?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 06:26 PM PDT

Does the pilot-wave interpretation of quantum mechanics require an absolute reference frame that is incompatible with special relativity?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 09:33 AM PDT

Hidden variables may not be impossible, but if they require a field that guides particles deterministically, shouldn't we be able to measure our movement through that field (the same way we should have been able to measure our movement through the luminiferous aether, if it existed)? Wouldn't that provide an absolute reference frame? I don't see how pilot wave theory can be made compatible with special relativity. Am I missing something?

submitted by /u/plugubius
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Why is colorblindness specific combinations of colors or a certain amount of colors?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 09:54 PM PDT

Is it ever possible to have red/blue or any other combination not well known?

submitted by /u/im__rapture
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How does the wind carry sound?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 07:26 PM PDT

Whats the most efficient way to use two different insulation materials with different r-values. Should the material with the higher r-value be used closer to the heat source?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 11:32 AM PDT

When winter camping many people like to stack two sleeping pads on top of each other. Normally, these pads have different r-values, one is usually inflatable with a high r-value, the other is made from Closed Cell Foam and has a lower r-value.

Almost everyone agrees, the CCF sleeping pad should go below the inflatable. Other than protecting the inflatable from punctures, is there any science that explains why this way would be warmer?

submitted by /u/plethora-of-pinatas
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How do Islandic Spar crosshairs work?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 11:41 PM PDT

I was wondering if anyone could tell.me how these islandic spar crosshairs that are described in the 'islandic alarm goes modern' section work. I have tried to replecate it but I feel that the classical blocks that are cut in a way that shows a nice double letter effect is not the right cut. Should it be cut allong a different axis?

https://petapixel.com/2013/12/12/iceland-spar-rock-discovered-optics/

submitted by /u/Synethos
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Can insects get cancer?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 10:16 AM PDT

Just wondering.

submitted by /u/loafenwerk
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What causes melted glass to appear orange / red hot instead of appearing transparent?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 08:30 PM PDT

Just a random thought that came to my mind when thinking about the differences between ice and glass. I understand at a basic level that glass is composed of combinations of sand, soda ash, calcium carbonate, iron, chromium, and or plastic depending on the kind of glass being made, and when super heated it becomes this red-hot liquid. But when I contrast this mentally with water, or even plastic, I can't seem to understand why a similarly clear solid wouldn't melt into a clear liquid as well? I just can't seem to wrap my head around this; Is it a simple matter of one or more of the ingredients trapping light so well it gives off this color? Is it the unique structure of glass? Is it just the natural by-product of all that heating process giving off light?

I appreciate any and all feedback in this, and bonus points for references and more reading material on this, as it's really caught my interest. Thanks!

submitted by /u/JZaber
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Why do protons not repel each other in the nucleus?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 02:26 PM PDT

What are the currently accepted biochemical mechanisms believed to be responsible for Personality Disorders such as BPD?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 09:24 PM PDT

How are we so sure that the Strong force only operates in small distances?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 05:08 PM PDT

For example, we have the force of gravity and electromagnetic force. Even if we are maybe trillions of light years away from a source, you will still be never be 0, however infinitely close. But all I've ever heard was: "The strong force does not act on large distances" and I've been confused with that because for gravity and electricity, it still does at large and small distances.

Does the strong force not obey the inverse square law?

Is it some higher power than 2 so it diminishes quicker and we just just ignore it at a certain point?

Do we not have a precise enough formula or understanding of the nature of the strong force so we just simplify it to "Just ignore it after this radius"? [Kind of like how we kind of ignore quantum mechanics after a certain distance(Planck) because our math does work out]

Thank you!

submitted by /u/DiamondsareMine
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The Flu vaccine has been available as a nasal mist for some time now, but what’s stopping other vaccines from becoming available via this method?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 12:52 PM PDT

A friend of mine has a severe needle phobia and has for most of their life opted to get the nasal form of their yearly flu shot for this reason. And in discussing this we found ourselves wondering why this option wasn't available for other illnesses preventable by vaccination. Is it perhaps an issue of cost? Difficulty of adapting the formula? Reduced retention of immunity? Or perhaps some other factor or a combination of factors?

submitted by /u/Lostsonofpluto
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Is it possible for cosmic rays to merge protons, neutrons, deuterons or alpha particles with neptunium and plutonium nuclei and create currently synthetic elements?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 05:04 PM PDT

Those elements could be americium (neptunium plus a deuteron or plutonium plus a proton/neutron), curium (plutonium plus a deuteron), berkelium (neptunium plus an alpha particle) and californium (plutonium plus an alpha particle). The reason neutrons, deuterons and alpha particles could work is because that giant amount of acceleration would cause the neutrons to split up on contact with the nucleus.

submitted by /u/xXx_LI_xXx
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If a object is thousands of light years away from earth, how are we estimating the size and distance?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 10:17 AM PDT

How do continental divides impact river basins?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 07:43 PM PDT

If one were to get pregnant with an IUD inserted, what are the chances that the pregnancy would go full term? How high risk would it be? Could the IUD be taken out after learning you are pregnant?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 01:18 PM PDT

If boron atoms have 5 electron holes, why does hydrogenating it make BH₃ instead of BH₅?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 11:51 AM PDT

The Greenland Sharks live for over 300 years. How is that calculated?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 09:54 AM PDT

I'm sure they weren't tagged hundreds of years ago to monitor now. So, how do we know that have a lifespan of 300-500 years?

submitted by /u/obsidian3339
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What specifically makes a rubber band lose its elasticity? Does it have to do with the number of times it's been stretched or the amount of time spent that way?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 06:59 AM PDT

Wednesday, September 19, 2018

Why is it that even when the wind blows warm, we feel cooler?

Why is it that even when the wind blows warm, we feel cooler?


Why is it that even when the wind blows warm, we feel cooler?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 12:58 PM PDT

Another example: On a warm day, if somebody blows on your face your face gets cold/chill.

submitted by /u/fisnikhaj
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What is it about a curing process of meat, drying of fruit etc. that makes the food last longer and allow you to store it unrefrigerated?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 09:41 PM PDT

Is there a minimal size a star can be?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 05:18 PM PDT

I understand that stars can be massive. For example, VY Canis Majoris would fit inside Jupiter's orbit around our sun. But, what about small stars? Is there a minimal size they can be and still begin nuclear fusion?

(I hope I'm asking this clearly!)

Thanks, science!

submitted by /u/filthyheathenmonkey
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Where do all of the skeletons of marine life go?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 06:47 PM PDT

You don't find too many skeletons of marine life on shore

submitted by /u/TyHag
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Are haplotype blocks never broken by recombination?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 06:42 AM PDT

Even though there are recombination hotspots, I thought recombination is in general a random event.

​So what enables a haplotype block to survive recombination for generations? For example the average length of a haplotype is several kilobases long. That seems a bit long to survive random recombination.

​Or, if a haplotype block exists today, for how many generations can you trace it back before it is broken by recombination?

submitted by /u/lxl
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When archeologists are looking for Paleolithic/ Neolithic artifacts how can they be sure what they’ve found is an ace head for example, rather than a triangular rock?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 07:04 PM PDT

I see examples of Stone Age artifacts like axe blades, arrowheads, etc but they just look like triangular rocks. How can an archeologist tell what is a Stone Age flint tool and what is a naturally occurring object?

submitted by /u/RSTLNE3MCAAV
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How did HIV/AIDS virus originate? Was there someone like patient zero?

Posted: 19 Sep 2018 04:32 AM PDT

HIV is transmitted sexually or blood transfusion or sharing needles so who was the first person carrying the HIV?Did the virus mutate from something else? If it did so, then will it mutate again and take an even more dangerous form like transmission via air?

submitted by /u/ChatsALot99
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How do laser thermometers detect temperatures of the surface they are pointed at?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 03:20 PM PDT

Why do we get hiccups?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 07:00 PM PDT

Do other stars have a 11 year sunspot cycle like our sun?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 02:22 PM PDT

I was thinking about the Kepler and TESS astronomy missions; specifically, that they would have to differentiate between sun spots and transiting exoplanets. This made me wonder if enough data has been collected to research the sunspot cycle in other stars.

submitted by /u/zzzyx
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Why is it the instinct for young animals to play?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 02:57 PM PDT

Why/How is this learned and why does it seemingly fade in all animals, humans included?

submitted by /u/GP_3
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Celestial bodies are constantly in motion, but named constellations have been around at least two millennia. What is the rate of change in position for these constellations to an observer on earth?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 01:27 PM PDT

Also - how might they have looked different (if at all) 200 years ago? Is there any history of astronomers noticing this and drawing conclusions before the current model was popularized?

submitted by /u/cartoptauntaun
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Can Plasma be used as a lens to focus EM radiation?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 01:40 PM PDT

Hey Everyone,

I was just watching a video on Star Wars hyper drive lore and it talks about a gamma ray source emitting though a wave guide into a fusion reactor. Obviously this is high concept Scifi, but it got me thinking...

If you were to take EM radiation and fire it through a spherical or lens shaped confined plasma, could it be used to focus or disperse the radiation and what would any fringe effects of some setup like this possibly be?

Love you all!

Edit: been thinking about it a little more and if the gamma ray waveguide acted almost like a projector through some hyperdimensional structure in the fusion reactor, could it maybe ripple spacetime?

submitted by /u/_paiggey
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How do iPad chargers allow more current than iPhone chargers?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 05:50 PM PDT

The charger for an iPad allows 2100 mA (milliamps) of current. The charger for an iPhone only allows 1000 mA. This means if you plug your iPad into the charger for an iPhone it will charge much more slowly. My question is this: How are the chargers different?

I already understand part of this so I'll include that part in the question. The electricity from a wall outlet is about 110 volts of alternating current (at least in the U.S.). The charger converts that to 5 volts of direct current. (Anything powered by a USB port is 5 volts.) The device has electrical resistance which determines the current. For example, if the iPad's resistance is about 2.38 ohms then it would "draw" 2100 mA of power. When we say "draw" we really mean the device would allow that much current to pass through. If the iPhone charger is also pushing 5 volts and the resistance for the iPad doesn't change then the iPhone charger must be throttled in some way. I'm sure it's a safety measure to keep the charger from getting too hot, but how does that throttling work?

submitted by /u/Robots_with_Lasers
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How is yaw controlled in different types of helicopters?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 01:26 PM PDT

So I think I understand how yaw is controlled in standard tail rotor helicopters and in coaxial rotor copters like the KA-50. Yaw is controlled by balancing torque with counter torque, or changing the balance of torque between two coaxial rotors.

What I'm having trouble understanding is yaw control in tandem rotors like the Chinook and in synchropters like the K-MAX.

According to Wikipedia tandem rotors control yaw by changing rotor pitch with each rotor on opposite sides, which creates opposite lateral motion at the front and back. In single rotor helicopters changing pitch on the left or right side creates lateral motion by causing the vehicle to roll, but since the Chinook can't roll in both directions at once, what force is causing the lateral motion that creates yaw?

Also according to Wikipedia, synchropters control yaw by raising the collective on a single rotor. I'm guessing this changes the balance of torque by making one set of rotors less aerodynamic, but wouldn't this also cause the whole vehicle to fly upwards, roll in one direction, or both?

Typed this on my phone during break at work so I apologise for typos/formatting.

submitted by /u/Slithtoves
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How do birds whistle and make discernable notes without lips or some other way of controlling pitch, like humans?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 08:59 AM PDT

Are speedreading school legit or a hoax, howmany words per second can the brain actually read retaining all the information?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 11:40 AM PDT

How will climate change affect the Pacific Northwest (US)?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 04:13 PM PDT

It's always been a dream of mine to live in southern British Colombia CA or Northern Washington US, and I would like to know if there are any predictions for significant climate change regarding this region. Particularly; will the temperatures change? Will be there be less/more rainfall? Anything else? Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/acaballeromusic
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Does having exercised in early life have an effect on losing weight later on?

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 10:04 AM PDT

Suppose there are two people at an equal level of fitness, but one has never done sports and the other has had lots of exercise in his youth. Does the person with experience in sports get fit faster?

submitted by /u/janneman66
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