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Tuesday, September 18, 2018

When staring into complete darkness do your eyes focus on infinity or are they unfocused?

When staring into complete darkness do your eyes focus on infinity or are they unfocused?

When staring into complete darkness do your eyes focus on infinity or are they unfocused?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 07:54 AM PDT

Do Insects have a sleep schedule?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 06:16 PM PDT

Is there a limit on how many stars could be in one solar system? Currently world building for a story, and wondering if a planet could realistically exist in a system more 3+ stars, and if so, what effects could that have on its climate and seasons.

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 08:01 PM PDT

What are objects with the ultra shiny centers and 4 cross like points I see in so many galaxy cluster photos? (See link)

Posted: 18 Sep 2018 01:42 AM PDT

What can we use bronze for today and why?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 11:59 PM PDT

I was wondering what we use bronze for today and the reason for it. I cant seem to find a reason for using bronze in industrial and non-industrial purposes.

submitted by /u/Gronnsakspai
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To what extent does the pre-frontal cortex continue its development between the ages of 18-25?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 09:42 PM PDT

If the PFC is not fully mature until a person's mid 20's, how much change is actually occurring from post-puberty to then?

I understand that further myelination or synaptic pruning in this region would alter it. However, is the overall development slowly coming to an end as a person ages? Or, is significant change still happening during those 7 years that can be observed?

submitted by /u/darkostwin
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How does the voltage of an output on an electronic device (such as an amplifier) not match the input voltage?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 05:22 PM PDT

Does there have to be some trade-off between voltage (increase) and amperage (decrease) to maintain the same power? Is this possible? What characteristic determines how the electricity is manipulated to have different properties coming out than it did coming in?

submitted by /u/Raiderboy105
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1 Why do pressed/dried leaves retain most of their bright colors instead of turning brown?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 11:05 PM PDT

I pick an especially colorful leaf each year to save from Autumn/Fall and they've always stayed the same color once dry.

Why do leaves keep their "autumn" patterns and colors if you put them between book pages or dry them upside-down, and not just die and turn brown? Why do all the leaves on the ground die and turn grey/brown before winter? Bacteria?

submitted by /u/kaanimas
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What physically happens to the body in a morphine overdose?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 07:07 PM PDT

I know that its used in regulation to negate pain but what physically happens to a body when a large amount of morphine is given to kill someone.

submitted by /u/IneedathrowawayatJOB
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Is Dwarfism immediately recognizable at birth?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 06:57 PM PDT

Can doctors immediately recognize an infant has dwarfism when it's born or does it take a while to begin to see the signs?

submitted by /u/ithappenedaweekago
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How do stars create extremely heavy elements after uranium?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 04:16 PM PDT

I know that supernovas can create extremely heavy elements (up to uranium as far as I know), but how are the elements after that formed?

submitted by /u/Syndr1l
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How did scientists recreate the 1918 Influenza Virus?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 01:50 PM PDT

I do not know if I've used the right flair, but the articles have put heavy emphasis on evolutionary biologists, so I figured this was a biology question.

I've been doing some research into the 1918 Influenza, and I've seen all sorts of stuff about the historical impact of the virus, but not a lot about the biological properties of the virus itself.

Some articles seem to suggest it was the H1N1 virus, while others say the H1N1 virus is a "distant relative" of the Spanish Influenza.

I have also read comparisons to the H1N1 and H5N1 viruses made by recreating the Spanish Influenza virus.

Which leads me to my question - how did scientists recreate the Spanish Influenza virus?

And is it the H1N1 virus? Or just a similar virus?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Sparky_Shoes94
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Is the ground above mass graves such as the ones used during the holocaust more fertile?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 09:54 AM PDT

What's the reason behind countries choosing different voltage standards?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 10:35 AM PDT

For example, USA has 110/120 V while UK/India has 220/240 V. Is it a deliberate choice? or an after-effect of something else? Just realised that it is quite stark and was curious to know the reason.

Let me know if this is not a good enough question

submitted by /u/mag_ops
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Does eating lactose while lactose intolerant have cumulative negative effects?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 07:32 AM PDT

Does the intolerance have long term effects, if the immediate symptoms are ignored?

submitted by /u/misscourtney
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After a while wearing glasses that invert things vertically vision your brain adjusts to compensate, would the same happen with hearing? Would it even be possible to test?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 07:41 PM PDT

I remember watching a reading rainbow where Levar Burton wore special glasses and talked about how your brain switched things around. I think it was reading rainbow. The audio channels were switched on a game I was playing and I wondered if the same would happen eventually. I assume it would require more controlled conditions if it was even possible.

Edit: Ugh I messed up the title but I think you know what I mean.

submitted by /u/FindMeOnTheWall
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What would be the effect on a human body of the impact of an extremely energetic nucleus (100 EeV) from cosmic rays?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 03:34 PM PDT

Reading on Wikipedia, I see there are particles arriving Earth with an energy of 100 EeV (about 16J, about the same energy as a mid powered air rifle) with a frequency of 1 event per square meter per century. Apparently, there are recorded events that reach 50J, equivalent of a baseball at 90 km/h (56 mph).

I understand that on the surface it arrives scattered as secondary radiation after hitting the atmospheric gasses, so there wouldn't much to notice, except for equipment to measure this sort of events.

But what would happen when an astronaut during an EVA (extra vehicular activity) happened to be hit by one of such particles? Would it be closer to radiation poisoning or to actually being hit by an object?

submitted by /u/Slackbeing
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How exactly does a smart meter know the difference between TV usage, AC usage and other?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 11:09 AM PDT

My utility bill shows me a chart of energy usage based on device (AC, refrigerator, Always on and other). I'm curious how it can know what devices are using electricity and how accurate the information on my bill is.

submitted by /u/Tavaman
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Why is HIV /AIDS more prevalent among LGBTQ community?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 11:23 PM PDT

I hope this is the appropriate sub for this question.

submitted by /u/bluewindowcurtains
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It seems just about everyone here is on some kind of antidepressant medication and the majority are American - so are Americans more depressed or do doctors in the USA over prescribe antidepressants? Or is the usage similar in other countries?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 05:54 AM PDT

Does anyone know the statistics for certain drugs for multiple countries - for example medicine "A" has a 1 in 20 person usage rate in UK vs 1 in 11 for the USA?

Are people more likely to be prescribed something in a country with subsidized medicine or without?

submitted by /u/crikeyyafukindingo
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We vaccinate millions of dogs and cats for rabies at a relatively low cost. Why don't we routinely vaccinate people for rabies too?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 08:29 AM PDT

How do you find an electron configuration and what do the group mean (s, d, p, f, etc.)?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 02:49 PM PDT
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Monday, September 17, 2018

[Physics] Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two fermions can occupy the same state, but how come it only seems to be relevant when the fermions are also really close?

[Physics] Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two fermions can occupy the same state, but how come it only seems to be relevant when the fermions are also really close?

[Physics] Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two fermions can occupy the same state, but how come it only seems to be relevant when the fermions are also really close?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 05:26 AM PDT

In the derivations I've seen, Pauli's principle is -in principle - independent of the distance between the particles. And I can't wrap my head around why this doesn't seem to be the case in real life situations

submitted by /u/ElisaKristiansen
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How do our brains deciding which words to use when talking aloud?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 06:02 AM PDT

I don't know about you guys, but when I talk aloud there's not a whole lot of planning going on upstairs. I'm not visualizing any words, yet coherent sentences come flowing out of my mouth. How does this happen? Who is calling the shots up there? This seems completely opposite to how I communicate through text, where I'm visualizing the words on my keyboard and screen as I think and type them out.

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I feel like this Michael Scott quotes demonstrates this phenomenon best.

submitted by /u/TheRedTuke
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Why dont more people in the US get illnesses from mosquitoes even though the same mosquito may extract blood from several hosts?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 05:01 PM PDT

If a mosquito extracts blood from a squirrel, and then gets blood from you, and then gets blood from some other person, and so on, wouldnt their be a prevalence of some kind of disease spreading from host to host?

submitted by /u/HuskoDoggo
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If I am standing on a beach at sea level, how far can I see into the horizon?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 06:18 PM PDT

Assume it's a clear day with perfect visibility and you're looking out to sea?

Edit: I'm so bad at phrasing.

I was trying to ask how far away could you see the clouds

submitted by /u/Effendoor
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What is the relation between kVp and Dose?

Posted: 17 Sep 2018 06:13 AM PDT

Hello, I have a question in regards to medical x-ray imaging. I have heard mixed things and cannot figure out if using lower kVp will result in a higher or lower dose. I was always under the impression that higher energy x-rays are more harmful, however if the penetration of the beam increase with kVp then wouldn't the radiation absorbed in the patient also decrease? Also, does this mean that very high energy radiation essentially isn't harmful because it a travels through the patient? Any answers to this or kVp vs dose in general are appreciated.

submitted by /u/mr_charles96
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What is a quiescent active region on the sun?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:39 PM PDT

I'm researching the coronal heating problem for a class, and I am confused about the term "quiescent active region". It shows up frequently in journal papers talking about nanoflares and Alfven waves.

submitted by /u/Joshbecker117
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How legitimate is the technology showcased in this Vice video that transforms CO2 into a carbon-neutral source of fuel for existing vehicles?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 04:58 PM PDT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mb_8DJF6Hp0

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If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. But nevertheless, what's your opinion? Do you think this technology is legitimate? If it is, how likely / soon would it be implemented across the world to finally bring greenhouse gas emissions under control? This sounds like a huge turning point in the fight against climate change but I'm very skeptical.

submitted by /u/wirecats
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Why executable programs can't be reverse engineered to reveal their source codes?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 10:43 AM PDT

It seems to me that compiling a source code and generating an executable is a deterministic process. Therefore, it may be ways to obtain the source reversing the process. Is there some kind of encryption involved?

submitted by /u/PolloWarrior
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How does getting the flu shot work if your bodys t cells remimber the virus, why get it every year?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 08:09 AM PDT

So our body will remember a virus that has entered and been defeated . So then why is it we get the flu shot every year ? Do they just give you multiple flu virus strains ? Or is it a single virus strain every year. My guess is that they pick a strain that they think will be going around that year . Any answers are appreciated

submitted by /u/commandercody95
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Are big veins and a good blood circulation linked?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 06:47 AM PDT

What are the theoretical limits of thermionic vacuum tube technology?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 08:45 AM PDT

As we know, thermionic tubes were largely replaced by semiconductors in the mid-20th century, as the latter technology features a number of advantages, including cost, efficiency, reliability and size... Now suppose, for the sake of discussion, semiconductors were never discovered or invented, and we had to try and improve thermionic tube technology instead. Could thermionic tubes have been made significantly more reliable, and possibly even miniaturized? Is it theoretically possible to build something like a crude integrated circuit with lots of tiny tubes instead of transistors?

submitted by /u/MisterRzzzzz
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Why do objects appear smaller the further away they are?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 08:31 AM PDT

[Biology] How does a decrease in entropy lead to an increased reaction rate in enzymes?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 08:17 AM PDT

So there's a lot going on when enzymes catalyse reactions. Here's my current understanding: When an enzyme binds a substrate it releases energy when those bindings form. It also stabilizes the substrate and manipulates it's position and conformation to reach the transition state.
Now in the book the principles of biochemistry 5th edition by Moran it reads:

binding of a substrate near a catalytic active-site residue decreases the activation energy by reducing the entropy while increasing the effective concentrations of these two reactants.

So my question is how this loss in entropy lowers the activation energy. Does it have anything to do with Gibbs free energy or am I looking in the wrong direction?

submitted by /u/FoolishBiologist
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Can somebody explain how nitinol engine works?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:54 AM PDT

How exactly does contraction and expansion of a wire makes wheels rotate?

submitted by /u/Let_me_tug_it
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When a star goes supernova amd collapses into a black hole, how much of thay star's mass becomes the black hole?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:14 AM PDT

What are these beams (?) of I don't know what in the sunset?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:07 AM PDT

https://imgur.com/gallery/WefHGA2

That's the link to a picture I took yesterday. I noticed that the sunset had... some kind of lines? Beams? Not sure what to call them, but hopefully you see what I mean. Could anyone tell me what those are and why they form? Does every sunset have these or is it just this one?

P.S. sorry I'm posting this the third time. I seem to have failed past two times, first by not making the title a question and second by not adding a flair lol

submitted by /u/Tomytomtom1
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Why do endorphins cause respiratory depression?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:04 AM PDT

From my understanding, the body releases endorphins in dangerous situations (serious injury) to lessen the pain and to help us make sensible decisions. Besides that, I read that they cause respiratory depression, but why would your body want to suppress your breathing?

submitted by /u/F4hrenheit
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Sunday, September 16, 2018

As we begin covering the planet with solar panels, some energy that would normally bounce back into the atmosphere is now being absorbed. Are their any potential consequences of this?

As we begin covering the planet with solar panels, some energy that would normally bounce back into the atmosphere is now being absorbed. Are their any potential consequences of this?

As we begin covering the planet with solar panels, some energy that would normally bounce back into the atmosphere is now being absorbed. Are their any potential consequences of this?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 06:30 AM PDT

Why do salt crystals form in almost perfect cubes?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 05:19 AM PDT

At the beginning of last summer I left a bottle with a salt and water substance out in the living room. when we came back from vacation the water was gone and in bottle salt crystals had formed.

Now what I don't understand is how the crystals formed in almost perfect cubes. Shouldn't there just be a thick flat layer of salt at the bottom?

submitted by /u/Cuber32
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Is there a connection between the age of newborns mother and the life expectancy of the baby?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 03:31 AM PDT

For example will a baby born to a mother who is 20 have a longer life expectancy of a baby born to a mother who is 50 or vice versa?

submitted by /u/FrostedShreddies_
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Why does meat from different animals taste different?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 06:18 AM PDT

Did the Classic period Abandonment in the Maya Lowlands have an effect on the epigenetics of Maya peoples in the Postclassic or more recent times?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 07:29 AM PDT

I know that some, but not all, Lowland cities experienced drought and/or famine during the Abandonment. I was curious whether the possible dietary stress from this several century event had an effect on the epigenetics of Maya people in the subsequent Postclassic or even historic/modern periods. I understand that preservation of skeletal remains in the region is not great and that this question may be unanswerable at this time.

submitted by /u/Mictlantecuhtli
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What makes the immune system see transplanted organs as "non-self" and is there theoretically a way to convince it otherwise?

Posted: 16 Sep 2018 04:06 AM PDT

After getting a transplant the body is constantly trying to reject the new organ, despite it being healthy human tissue doing it's job, and despite the rejection probably leading to death. What makes the immune system see, for example, my original lungs as "mine" but my transplanted lungs as an "invader"?

AFAIK the only current way to manage this problem is to cripple the immune system so it can't do its job, which brings along it's own set of problems. Is there any work being done in the direction of convincing the immune system that the new tissue belongs, or at least some more targeted way to hide just that tissue from the immune system?

submitted by /u/KutuluMike
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Why is Tantalum the rarest stable element in the solar system?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 10:40 AM PDT

Why don't neutrons in neutron stars decay into protons and electrons like free neutrons?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 09:29 AM PDT

Why do Higgs bosons mediate mass? Is there a possibility that everything that has mass is made of Higgs bosons at the deepest level?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 12:15 PM PDT

how do grades of fuel work?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 08:46 PM PDT

my car requires 89-octane fuel or above in order to run smoothly. i've never really questioned it–i pay for the more expensive fuel and move on. but what does this mean? what makes a higher grade fuel, and why is it that certain engines can only function with higher-grade fuels? if i put 87-octane fuel in my car, would it run, just poorly, or would it not work at all?

submitted by /u/parmesann
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Are incest restrictions a social construct or do they exist in other animals?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 01:57 PM PDT

We've been watching the local deer over the past few years. A year or two ago we had a rare set of triplets born: a buck and two does. They're still hanging out together... along with two new additions. My wife and I have been wondering if the new pair could be the prodigy of the buck and a sister or if another buck was responsible. That led us to the greater issue: is the prohibition against incest social or does it exist on a more fundamental hard-wired level?

Is there a general biological imperative to avoid mating with siblings/close relatives? Does it vary among species? Do primates treat incest differently than dogs, for example? What are the resultant problems (provided inbreeding doesn't recur multiple times across generations)?

submitted by /u/gunnk
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How does cultivated wild rice differ from *wild* wild rice? Has it been domesticated? If so, in what way?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 09:41 AM PDT

Why do protons have multiple combinations of color associated with their quarks?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 12:06 PM PDT

From my really basic understanding of QCD, I'm lead to believe that quarks need to exist in a singlet state with no observable color ("white"). As an example, if we've got a red up quark, a blue up quark, and a green down quark, why do these quarks exchange gluons to change their respective colors if they're already in a singlet state?

And a follow-up question: why are singlets formed by quark-antiquark pairs not as stable as baryons?

submitted by /u/EnragedFicus
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Is there any reason to not grow plants in 24hr light?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 07:49 AM PDT

Why is it the rectus abdominis is made up of 6/8 pack (with tendons between them?) instead of one whole ab muscle?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 01:47 PM PDT

Why do hurricanes rotate?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 03:57 PM PDT

I'm reading it's from the Coriolis force, which is the earth rotating. Does this mean as the hurricane spins it drains angular momentum from the earth's rotation?

Secondary question: reading that hurricanes form when warm water in the ocean evaporates. This cools the ocean. Also read that hurricanes emit infrared light into space. Is this a cooling effect on earth as energy is lost into space?

submitted by /u/hvgotcodes
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Emotional behavior in humans and other animals and their neural underpinnings, are they comparable?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 03:55 PM PDT

Much of research on the neural basis of emotional behavior is carried out in mices and other animals. My questions is: to what extent are the findings from those studies applicable to the comprehension of the neural basis of human emotional behavior?

submitted by /u/roteschildkroete
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Although it’s highly unlikely, what would happen if a hurricane were to cross the equator? Would the rotation direction change because of the Coriolis effect or stay the same?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 08:11 AM PDT

Why don't rockets use variable geometry nozzles like on military turbojets?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 02:50 PM PDT

Why doesn’t grass grow in winter?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 10:06 AM PDT

BPA is widely accepted as being toxic. However, bottles and other storage containers aren't truly made of BPA; they're made of a polymer derived from BPA. It is my understanding that polymers lose most of the characteristics of their monomer, so what is the concern with BPA plastic?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 12:54 PM PDT

How do you dispose of volcanic ash post eruption?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 10:19 AM PDT
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Saturday, September 15, 2018

If I were holding a handful of DNA, what would it look like?

If I were holding a handful of DNA, what would it look like?

If I were holding a handful of DNA, what would it look like?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 02:42 PM PDT

And how much would a handful weigh?

submitted by /u/Ohm_eye_God
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If numbers can be infinitely large, can they also be infinitely small?

Posted: 15 Sep 2018 04:49 AM PDT

A friend told me the following math problem:

Imagine you are walking to the bus stop. Your current position has a value of 1, the bus stop has a value of 0, and the distance between the two can be represented by a decimal. Before you reach the bus stop you must first reach half way to the bus stop (0.5), and then you must reach half way between that point and the bus stop (0.25), and then you must reach half way between that point and the bus stop (0.125) and so on and so on, I think you get the picture. If you must first pass an infinite number of places before reaching the bus stop, mathematically how do you actually reach it?

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If you continue this process infinitely, simple math would suggest that you will never reach the bus stop, but we know that we can reach it in a real world example. Is this because as numbers get very small they must approach a finite value?


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So, Nuclear Subs can stay submerged for about as long as they can keep the crew fed and sane - no worry of oxygen. Why cant we make a space station like that - without worry of oxygen running out?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 12:01 PM PDT

Why do some vaccines need multiple doses to be effective such as HPV vaccine? And some only need one dose? When the vaccine needs multiple doses does it only protect after the final dose if not when are you protected?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 12:54 PM PDT

When is something classified as a solid as opposed to a very thick liquid?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 12:46 PM PDT

Are things like Ice Cream, Commitments (Mayo/Ketchup), Engine Grease counted as liquid?

submitted by /u/Da_b_guy
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How do we know what neurons look like?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 11:49 AM PDT

So Alpha Draconis and Polaris have been pole stars - what other stars have been/will be pole stars?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 04:00 PM PDT

Why electron-phonon coupling can decrease phonon energy?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 10:25 AM PDT

I recently followed a course of "solid state physics" and studying I found out that exists "phonon softening" that can be the signature of supeconductivity in some materials. As far as I know this is because a strong coupling between electrons and phonons lower the energy of phonons as I increase the dopant level. But why is so? I imagine the topic is pretty deep, so if you have also some article to suggest I would be happy

submitted by /u/Background_Jackfruit
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In earth orbit, there's a 5-10,000km gap of relative "calm" between the Inner and Outer Van Allen Radiation Belts. Would this be a good place to build a future space station?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 10:02 AM PDT

And if a station could safely be built in this orbital gap, could it be used to assemble, test, and then launch large spacecraft to places like Mars?

submitted by /u/Sylvester_Scott
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Do objects really always fall at the same rate?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 02:05 PM PDT

If two objects of differing sizes are dropped at the same time, they fall at the same rate, because while the larger object has a greater gravitional force acting on it, it also has a greater resistance to that force.

BUT: What if those objects were dropped on opposite sides of the Earth? Would the larger object pull the Earth in its direction an infinitesimal amount and "fall" faster? And, therefore, if the two objects were dropped at different times in the same area, wouldn't the larger object have a slightly faster perceived acceleration?

submitted by /u/lcblangdale
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