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Friday, September 14, 2018

What happens to sea life during a hurricane?

What happens to sea life during a hurricane?


What happens to sea life during a hurricane?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 01:42 PM PDT

If it were possible to put a pipe straight through the earth, from north to south pole and you dropped a ball down the pipe what would happen?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 09:48 PM PDT

If a person is paralyzed from the neck down, does that paralyzed body still react to temperature changes? Sweat and goosebumps?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 05:49 AM PDT

Does the Transit method limit our ability to detect planets further out from their star?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 03:24 AM PDT

I understand that the Transit method is the best current way to find exoplanets, but I was just thinking about how a planet like Jupiter takes 12 earth years for one Jupiter year, would that mean that we'd probably be completely unaware of the largest planet in the solar system (and gas giant with the shortest year) even if we've been examining it's star closely for a whole decade?

Following on from that, could that mean that we've got an extremely skewed perception of the makeup extra-solar systems? Maybe systems more like the solar system are common with large planets on the outskirts but we can't really see that with the transit method?

submitted by /u/Khwarezm
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What does it actually mean for a hurricane to make landfall? What are the criteria?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 06:02 AM PDT

Is there something equivalent to hurricanes but underwater?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 04:27 AM PDT

Because light has momentum, can it move an object with a defined mass?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 05:38 PM PDT

Could light be used say in space to move a spaceship at high speed?

submitted by /u/chardeazy22
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If we could somehow build a "space elevator" as depicted in sci-fi, would the piece at the top up in orbit have "Earth Gravity" or would it be similar to what one would experience on the ISS in terms of weightlessness?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 04:31 AM PDT

Why did it take humans so long to advance technologically?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 03:15 AM PDT

Modern humans have been around for at least 40,000 years (some sources say 300,000), yet the first somewhat advanced civilizations came into existence around 3000 BC. If the humans living 40,000 years ago were just as intelligent as we are now, then why did it take humans at least over 30,000 years to organize societies like the Mesopotamian civilization where they used alphabet, built sophisticated buildings, roads and weaponry. It's kind of strange don't you think?

submitted by /u/paulruggiero
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Can an MRI cause problems with metal objects in someone's body if the object is not ferromagnetic (eg a copper/lead bullet, gold tooth, titanium implant)?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 07:49 AM PDT

This comes from a recent askreddit question where we were wondering if an MRI could harm a patient who had an old bullet fragment still lodged in their body, but it kind of also applies to other non-magnetic objects.

I was wondering if you'd get induced current, and if those in turn could get you enough of a magnetic field to produce motion, kind of like you would see in a universal AC motor. I have no idea what sort of magnitudes are involved, though, so I don't know how significant the effect is.

submitted by /u/Wobbles42
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How fast do you have to travel around the equator to always be experiencing the same time of day?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 09:52 PM PDT

How did Maxwell connect the link from 'Electromagnetic Waves' to 'Visible Light'?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 07:28 AM PDT

It looked like Maxwell, after consolidating e-m theory into the Maxwell Equations and predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves made a blind leap to say "The speed of electromagnetic waves is close enough to the estimated speed of light, so obviously light is a electromagnetic wave."

I'm not sure if this was the right reasoning, but a quick wiki search shows,

In 1862-4 James Clerk Maxwell developed equations for the electromagnetic field which suggested that waves in the field would travel with a speed that was very close to the known speed of light. Maxwell therefore suggested that visible light (as well as invisible infrared and ultraviolet rays by inference) all consisted of propagating disturbances (or radiation) in the electromagnetic field.

This reasoning sounds a bit illogical and seems to be bordering on numerology. Following this line of reasoning it sounds like if an airplane was moving at 330 m/s, I would call that airplane sound, simply because it was moving as fast as sound.

There has to be something more about this than what Wikipedia lets on, right?

submitted by /u/kitizl
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Uluru is listed as the worlds largest rock. Is it truly an “individual stone” or is it attached to bed rock? How was it formed?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 07:20 PM PDT

Why is the East Coast of the USA so hurricane prone? Is the region more active than other areas of the world?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 07:12 AM PDT

Does high cortisol in the body, or a stronger than average cortisol response to external stressors, equate to a person being generally more stressed out? In other words, stress 'causes' cortisol, but does cortisol cause stress?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 02:14 PM PDT

We know that external stressors and/or stress generally result in a statistically significant cortisol response. Has the opposite connection been shown to hold statistical significance? In other words, stress 'causes' cortisol, but does cortisol cause stress?

I'm asking this because I've come across studies in the past about this and general comparisons of stress in urban and rural populations. For example, I quickly found this study published in May of 2018 comparing rural and urban upbringings.

I'm not well-versed enough to know whether this or other studies on cortisol and cortisol responses directly claim or show that more cortisol equals more stress.

submitted by /u/lulzcakes
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[Telomere length and Longevity] Since our eggs and sperms create new full length Telomeres, why not our own?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 04:31 PM PDT

  1. Nobel Prize Winner Elizabeth Blackburn found aging and telomere length are related with her group's research on Tetrahymena

  2. Babies have full length telomeres = We create new full length/longer telomeres in our sperms and eggs everyday/month (that goes wasted)

  3. High concentration of the telomere-repairing enzyme, telomerase, in the testicles is the reason for the full length/longer telomeres in our sperm

  4. Why not use this knowledge to come up with a way to biologically programme the rest of our cells in our body to do the same thing? (There are people who claim their products that can do that which are suspicious af and some that are going through gene therapy and waiting for the results that will take years. BUT I haven't seen anyone seeing the solution might be in our balls this whole time)

P.S. Not a science person(Wish I was, got a useless art degree instead) but got me extremely curious

submitted by /u/jinboliao
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How did the world function before bees joined the game? How and when did the environment become so depended on them?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 05:59 AM PDT

Sorry if for whatever reason this question doesn't work. I (think I) know we need them for pollination, and from what understand there were different oxygen levels when the giant lizards were crawling around. After that it's all fuzzy, how'd we come to have our survival seem to depend on theirs? Or am I BEEing silly?

submitted by /u/CudaDisagrees
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Why is there a slight drop in the middle of high tide?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 04:27 PM PDT

I collect data on water levels and every water sensor has a slight dip during high tide. What is the cause of this? Example: http://imgur.com/gallery/uFc7nwx

submitted by /u/notaputinhacker
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Do we currently have the ability to create pairs of entangled particles? Could we ever use this ability to create entangled pairs that exist here on earth and on the other side of the known universe? How stable would these pairs be? Could we ever use them to construct physical matter or objects?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 05:45 AM PDT

What causes baked goods to go stale? Why can freezing stop this process?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 04:31 PM PDT

Why has rocket power not been used on planes?

Posted: 14 Sep 2018 12:57 AM PDT

We have guided missiles which travel quickly and accurately... would need some course corrections for g reduction, but I don't see why it isn't feasible.

submitted by /u/JackhusChanhus
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Can brown dwarfs ever “re-form” into stars?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 04:25 PM PDT

I've been reading about the interesting conspiracy on Nibiru, and the one argument many people make is that there is a "hidden sun" in the solar system called Nibiru, which is a brown dwarf. Now I'm aware that most pictures showing Nibiru are either just lens flares or some other explainable idea, because brown dwarfs don't emit light. But can brown dwarfs ever "re-form" into actual stars? Is there ever a period in time where the brown dwarf either forms into dust again and have a potential to become stars, for example? And if not, why? Mind you, I don't follow the Nibiru conspiracy, so I'm not looking to debate on it. I'd just like an answer to my question.

submitted by /u/VaultBoytheChosenOne
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Thursday, September 13, 2018

How did dinosaurs have sex?

How did dinosaurs have sex?


How did dinosaurs have sex?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 02:03 AM PDT

I've seen a lot of conflicting articles on this, particularly regarding the large theropods and sauropods... is there any recent insight on it. —— Edit, big thank you to the mods for keeping the comments on topic and the shitposting away.

submitted by /u/JackhusChanhus
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Does lemons prevent the binding of caffeine & tannin in tea?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 01:44 AM PDT

Hey,

I've read that caffeine is more water-soluble than tannin. So short brewed tea has more free caffeine than long brewed. Long brewed has more caffeine in total but a lot of it has bond to tannin. Gastric acid is capable of splitting the bond so the caffeine will be bio available over a longer time span.

This morning I put pure citric acid in my tea and I noticed that the tea looks a lot clearer and much lighter than my normal long brewed tea.

Questions:

  1. Does the citric acid prevent the solution of tannin?
  2. Can citric acid prevent the binding of caffeine to tannin in the first place?
  3. How many slices of lemons would be needed to achieve that in a 200ml cup? -> Cultural reason for lemons in tea?

Thanks for your answers :)

[EDIT] after nearly 8k views (haha I love the internet) I decided to make a short timelapse, because many of the auto deleted comments didn't believe that the tea looks different with citric acid. of course I missed the sweet-spot with the acid but trust me I can't drink anymore tea today. I'm nervous AF and I've got heartburn.

https://youtu.be/YbnZabBx_Eo

submitted by /u/iNeverCouldGet
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How do sea creatures react to tropical storms?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 10:41 PM PDT

I read this week that helicopters are detecting 80ft waves from the storms brewing this week! Isn't this disruptive for the beings swimming in that mess? Do they just swim somewhere else when they sense stuff is getting crazy or if they hang out deep enough in the water can they avoid being affected? Also, do tropical storms negatively affect any other sea life, like reefs or sea plants?

submitted by /u/babaozhou
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How much did the Chicxulub crater affect the plate tectonics of North America?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 01:59 AM PDT

Recently I've been curious about Pangea and how our current map was formed. When I watch videos or see drawings of the transformation of earth I don't ever seem to see any change due to the massive crater that wiped out the dinosaurs. However, we know there is a massive crater, so I'm just wondering if it caused any change in the drift of the plates.

submitted by /u/LAKingsDave
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Is the large curve of coastline between Florida and the Carolinas in any way related to erosion from centuries of hurricanes?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:26 PM PDT

Every time I see a pic of a hurricane approaching the east coast, ot just looks like it would erode out more land int hat area.

submitted by /u/POCKALEELEE
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Why do most test tubes lack a base that lets them stand on their own in favor of racks where they’re put into?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 06:29 AM PDT

I've always thought this is weird, because it would probably be easier to work with if you didn't have to always put it back on the rack and could set it down wherever you are and would be in reach whenever needed instead of having to go back to a rack on the other side of the room. Is there a particular reason for this?

submitted by /u/obie_the_dachshund
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Why doesn't neutron scattering cause fission/neutron capture?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 11:16 PM PDT

Would solar panels on Mars produce less energy per panel compared to if they were on Earth?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 11:33 PM PDT

How can we tell the difference between volcanic CO2 and man-made CO2?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 02:40 AM PDT

On "Cosmos" NDT just told me that one is "heavier" than the other.

On the face of it, that makes no sense: CO2 is CO2. Can I get an explanation?

submitted by /u/FiveYearsAgoOnReddit
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How much energy is expended to deliver 1kW of power to a home from where it is generated?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 05:14 AM PDT

Basically the title,but to add a few more thoughts: What's the energy loss in transfer? Can we calculate the energy used to produce the transport cabling, transformers, etc? What's the overall efficiency in supplying power from a plant far away versus one near by or perhaps even on site power(ie solar panels)? Thanks,

submitted by /u/KK6AXQ
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Would approaching the event horizon of a black effectively make you immortal due to time dilation effects?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 07:31 AM PDT

What is the probability of getting two individual photons to collide and how drastic are the effects of the collision?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 10:43 PM PDT

How is planetary rotation measured on gas giants?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 10:15 PM PDT

I read that Jupiter rotates very quickly, but isn't its visible surface a roiling gas cloud? How do we decide how quickly Jupiter is rotating if there are no fixed features on its surface?

submitted by /u/Kneuronak
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Could you ride a bike down a really steep incline faster than you could free fall at terminal velocity?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 11:49 PM PDT

Would it be theoretically possible for Earth to generate a permanent hurricane, similar to the red spot on Jupiter?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 12:44 PM PDT

Florence's trajectories had me wondering. I'm assuming climate change would be the biggest factor in creating an environment that hostile but I don't have any facts on the topic.

Edit to elaborate after clarification below: I guess my question is if climate change could get bad enough where we would start seeing these long form hurricanes lasting 1+ years?

What types of conditions would be necessary for that to occur? 'Earth sciences'

submitted by /u/bx002
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How are artificial scents created?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 04:15 AM PDT

Bonus question, if someone wanted to replicate the smell of their significant other, is it possible and how would it be done?

submitted by /u/Tmanning47
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What is the nearest planet that would cause the same time dilation of that experienced in the film ‘Interstellar’?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 03:43 AM PDT

What's wrong with this argument against evolution?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 04:17 PM PDT

From a young-earth creationist's blog:

The critical factor in evolutionary change is not actually time. Instead, it's population size and generational turnover. This is because the requirement is that substantial variability be provided (by population size) and many opportunities for selection to whittle down a generation and act on that variation. This is very important, because it means that what Darwinists claim we can't see, we actually can see. We can examine what occurs, given a certain amount of evolutionary resources. Malaria has existed on this planet for several millennia, and operates by invading hemoglobin, eating it from the inside out, and destroying it. Its structure is such that it can only survive in very warm climates, however.

Given the enormous population of malaria across the planet and the rapid generational turnover- each infected person has billions of malarial organisms that multiply exponentially- malaria has the same evolutionary resources that any mammalian lineage has had since its descent from sponges in the Precambrian. Think about that.

Malaria has never adapted to be able to live in a slightly cooler climate. Never.

This is what is supposed to have created the human brain?

I suspect there are some fallacies here, or misconceptions about evolution. How would you respond to this person?

submitted by /u/kipling_sapling
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How do thermophiles survive temperatures that would quickly cook animal tissue?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 03:29 AM PDT

What makes currencies strong and what impact does it have?

Posted: 13 Sep 2018 03:21 AM PDT

As the title says what are the factors that makes a currency strong or weak and how does this impact the population in that country?

submitted by /u/J_hoff
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Wednesday, September 12, 2018

If grasses evolved relatively recently, what kinds of plants were present in the areas where they are dominant today?

If grasses evolved relatively recently, what kinds of plants were present in the areas where they are dominant today?


If grasses evolved relatively recently, what kinds of plants were present in the areas where they are dominant today?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 11:32 AM PDT

Also, what was the coverage like in comparison? How did this effect erosion in different areas? For that matter, what about before land plants entirely? Did erosive forces act faster?

submitted by /u/MisterPopolopogus
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If the gravitational pull of a planet is the same in all directions, why does Saturn, for example, have rings in only one plane? Shouldn't it be inside of a "shell" of debris instead of just having rings?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:19 AM PDT

How did fish get into isolated mountain lakes, without river outlets?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 01:05 AM PDT

What is the temperature threshold for the release of hexavalent chromium from stainless alloys?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:21 AM PDT

As per the OSHA safety sheet on hexavalent chromium, workers can be exposed to the toxic substance during "Welding and other types of "hot work" on stainless steel and other metals that contain chromium."

I'm familiar with the fact that this is a thing, and with the health and safety risks, but I've been unable to dig up any specific tests or hard data as to what exactly the threshold for this is. Neither the materials from OSHA, EPA, and CDC, nor the few other papers I've dug up on google seem to provide an answer here... they all seem to be more oriented toward the various health concerns and the mechanisms behind them.

This is applicable to my daily life as a D17.1 aerospace TIG welder (and machinist), however what really sparked the question is that stainless steel wire is commonly used as a heating element in electronic cigarettes and I'm curious to know if there's a concern of hex-chrome exposure from that.

submitted by /u/macthebearded
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When batteries are made are they already charged ?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:21 AM PDT

[Earth Sci.] [Physics] Carrying metal objects increases one's risk of lightning strike. Does it have to be exposed? Can car keys or other objects in my pocket make me a more likely target?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 06:22 AM PDT

In layman terms, what is the significance of transconductance?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:11 AM PDT

Most textbooks and Google say that it establishes a relationship between an output and an input quantity (current and voltage) but I want to better understand the significance of this factor.

submitted by /u/Deat_h
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Electrical conduction - How could you determine if there is a lot of free electrons flowing slowly or just a few flowing quickly?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 06:57 AM PDT

Consider a straight wire of known length, cross-sectional area and resistivity. Applying a known voltage results in a known current. How could you determine if there is a lot of free electrons flowing slowly or just a few flowing quickly? In particular, how would you do this experimentally? Thanks!

submitted by /u/hoopity_hoopla
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What exactly is muscle memory and how does it work?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 10:55 AM PDT

If the Earth suddenly vanished, how long would it take for the moon to get pulled into the sun?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 11:32 PM PDT

Do insects and arachnids heal from sustained injuries?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 05:07 AM PDT

Are double and triple bonds more stable or more reactive than single bonds?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 06:21 AM PDT

I'm a high school student with some confusion regarding my chemistry classes. I remember my teacher explaining in one course that double and triple bonds are more stable than single bonds, however at the same time I've learned that double and triple bonds are also considered functional groups, which means that these will react with other compounds easier? To me it seems like these two statements kinda contradict each other? I would highly appreciate some form of explanation because I'm really lost right now..

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Daniel01m
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Why is plastic so hard to break down and why is it so hard to reuse?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 02:21 AM PDT

If you put a hot object into space does it cool down and if so is it faster or slower than when the same hot object is in an atmosphere (of a lower temperature)?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 02:04 AM PDT

Just curious but based upon my limited knowledge of temperature it is the magnitude of movement of atoms in a medium. If you put a hot object into a perfect vacuum there must be no means for the heat energy to transfer to the surrounding environment and therefore the object must remain at the same temperature forever. Is this correct?

submitted by /u/HandgrenadeH
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If a noise loud enough to travel around the entire world is made, would there be a noticeable increase in the volume at the opposite point on Earth where the sound waves converge?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 03:33 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why do organisms larger than insects not go through a metamorphosis? What caused certain insect species to evolve to have a metamorphic process in their life cycle?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 09:35 PM PDT

Why are there the same fish in different lakes across the world?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 06:31 AM PDT

Did they somehow move from lake to lake? Or did they all evolve separately? How can you have bass in Minnesota and in Florida?

submitted by /u/LandoPJ
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How and why does Deoxy-Hemoglobin polymerize in Sickle Cell Disease?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 06:31 AM PDT

What exactly happens on the chemical level and why? How does a single amino acid mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin cause it to stick together?

submitted by /u/TruePhilosophe
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What causes bleeding after IUD insertion?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 09:06 PM PDT

Directly after a copper or hormonal IUD is inserted, it's common to experience some bleeding or spotting that can last from days to weeks. What exactly causes that bleeding? I'm curious about what specifically happens in the body. Everything I can find just says that bleeding usually occurs and is normal, but doesn't explain why.

submitted by /u/dephress
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Does Lac-operon have negative or positive gene regulation?

Posted: 12 Sep 2018 04:49 AM PDT

Are all lightning bolts that make contact with the ground roughly the same ‘strength’? Does there power differ much from bolt to bolt, storm to storm, location to location?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 07:15 PM PDT