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Tuesday, September 11, 2018

Why are smaller animals more resistant to ionising radiation?

Why are smaller animals more resistant to ionising radiation?


Why are smaller animals more resistant to ionising radiation?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 03:27 AM PDT

Does physical size have any effect on resistance to illness?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 07:22 AM PDT

Actually a Parks and Rec episode got me thinking. The super fit character Chris catches the flu, and claims that due to his low body fat and lean muscle his symptoms are worse than they might be in an average person.

So would physical size have any effect on the likelihood of catching something like the flu or a cold, and have any bearing on either duration or severity? And would there be a difference if the person were obese and sedentary or muscular and fit?

submitted by /u/revawfulsauce
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How do caterpillars maintain basic bodily functions as they transform to butterflies within the chrysalis?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 07:12 AM PDT

What's the difference between photoelectric effect and photovoltaic effect?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 06:45 AM PDT

Why does potential energy rapidly increase when two atoms are brought very closely to each other?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 06:52 AM PDT

Will a combustion engine running "lean" tend to overheat?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 10:30 PM PDT

A pilot once told me that internal combustion engines with too low fuel:air ratio will often run hotter than usual. Apparently this is a problem for small aircraft changing altitude quickly. Can anyone confirm or deny this phenomenon, and offer an explanation?

submitted by /u/SaunterOnSauvignon
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How does a Glucometer actually measure my blood glucose level?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 06:52 AM PDT

[Megathread] Hurricane Florence was just upgraded to a Category 4 storm

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 09:15 AM PDT

Why is learning something 1 hour every day for 20 days more effective than learning the same thing in 20 hours?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 04:58 AM PDT

Is there any neuroscience/biological explanation as why the brain learns this way?

submitted by /u/asji4
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What tells a bacterium to split?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 09:17 AM PDT

In the ozone layer, is an oxygen atom “more attracted” to chlorine atoms from CFCs than to O2 molecules?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 07:45 AM PDT

Basically, is an oxygen atom in the atmosphere more likely to bond to Cl- than to O2 or is the rate of bonding between both essentially the same?

submitted by /u/OrganicDroid
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Does boiling vegetables or rice lower their nutrient/vitamin content? Does the heat strip it of the essential nutrients that make vegetables healthy?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 07:38 AM PDT

How did scientist figure out about dark matter? How can scientist be searching for something they don’t even know exist?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 07:58 PM PDT

How is louder sound different from soft sound?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 02:59 AM PDT

Generally we say sound travels at the same speed in the air, regardless of amplitude.

But in order for us to hear loud sounds, our eardrums must be pushed stronger. This, I suspect, is achieved by air molecules hitting the eardrums harder, which itself is achieved by having the air molecules move faster prior to collision.

Does this increase in volume not affect the speed of sound?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why don't ants die away from inbreeding?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 09:30 PM PDT

Incest increases the chances of genetic disorders drastically, so why can ants have one mother for generations?

submitted by /u/Haithere32
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Why don’t animals get sick from eating raw foods?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 06:19 PM PDT

Why is Chloride Gas no longer dangerous after is has undergone a reactions with compounds such as KCl, KBr, and KI?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 08:41 AM PDT

If current flows through a coil in only one direction, but varies in magnitude sinusoidally, does the magnetic field around the coil ever reverse direction?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 05:54 PM PDT

The coil is wired in series between Vcc and the collector of an NPN BJT. The base of the BJT is fed a sine wave (CW).

See figure here:

http://spaz.org/~magi/elec/class-a-amp.png

Does the magnetic field around the coil reverse direction every half-cycle? Or does it simply vary in magnitude?

I have asked two physics professors this question and gotten different answers.

Thank you!

submitted by /u/wam235
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Why do the atoms in an ionic bond stay together just because an electron? Why don't they just stabilize and go away from each other?

Posted: 11 Sep 2018 04:02 AM PDT

In what ways will a delay of a space launch increase the total cost of a launch?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 04:06 PM PDT

Re: NASA's InSight Mars lander. In 2016 NASA decided to spend $150 million dollars to delay the launch of InSight until May 2018. The lander was in storage until the next launch window, but why would the total cost of the launch balloon by that much in the interim?

submitted by /u/Tyree_Callahan
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Does a high metabolism increase risk of cancer?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 08:16 AM PDT

Since a high metabolism gives you higher cell division and cancer happens when cell division has a mistake, logically higher division gives more cell divisions to go wrong?

submitted by /u/K1ller90
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How do scientists know how far away outer-space radio waves are from?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 07:42 PM PDT

In this article, it states that the radio waves are from billions of light years away. How do scientists determine this?

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6152841/AI-analyzing-telescope-data-discovers-72-new-fast-radio-bursts-billions-light-years-away.html

submitted by /u/1kelisto
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What form of energy production produces zero greenhouse gases?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 08:34 PM PDT

I know the obvious answers is solar and wind, but if you take in account production (especially photovoltaic cells) it takes quite some time for these form of energy production to be greenhouse gas neutral.I know nuclear power is carbon neutral, but considering how it admits water vapor it doesn't seem to be greenhouse gas neutral. From reading NOAA.gov and Wikipedia it seems that only oxygen and Nitrogen are considered to be non-greenhouse gasses.So what is a form of energy production that produces zero greenhouses gasses? From reading NOAA it seems that water vapor may be negligible.

submitted by /u/sunal135
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[Honest] Is there any science that explains how/if hypnosis works? And why it seems to work on some people and not others?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 07:51 PM PDT

Monday, September 10, 2018

Why didn't the leak in the ISS vent all the air immediately?

Why didn't the leak in the ISS vent all the air immediately?


Why didn't the leak in the ISS vent all the air immediately?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 07:32 AM PDT

I assumed that because there's no air in space, and lots in the ISS, it would shoot out incredibly fast. Is my assumption just plain wrong or is there more at play?

submitted by /u/Irish_Potatoes_
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If the brain recovers from depression, than are there obvious before and after structural changes?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 07:40 PM PDT

Would a proton orbit an antiproton?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 06:15 AM PDT

Would they just annihilate? If so, what would they release?

Or would the residual strong force tear them apart? Once torn apart, would their quarks just annihilate, or would they settle into mesons?

If this did happen, what would it be called? Protonium, or an just an exotic hydrogen-2 cation?

Do we even know any of these things?

And; most importantly; what exactly keeps antiparticles in orbit? Shouldn't their electric attraction just pull them together and annihilate them?

(Sorry bout the length but this has literally kept me up over the last few nights. Help!!!)

submitted by /u/Da_Gr8_M8
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Is lux or candela/m2 a more appropriate unit for quantifying the amount of light that reaches someone's eye?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 12:47 AM PDT

I am a little confused about which unit is most appropriate for my purposes. I am measuring pupil diameter using a remote eye tracking device mounted to a computer monitor. I am adjusting light via changes to computer screen luminance via adjusting the colour of the screen (e.g. white – grey – dark grey). There are going to be other lights in the room as well which will stay constant. My main goal is to measure how much light that reaches a person's eye in a given condition. Is it most appropriate to measure candela/m2 or lux in this case? I have found so many conflicting points about the differences between luminance and illumination, regarding which is more appropriate for my purposes. My thinking is that I would want to measure lux because I am not only interested in the amount of light that is emitted from the computer screen, but all of the light in the room that reaches a person's eyes. I just happen to be manipulating this via the computer screen. I am still left with a bit of a nagging feeling though as I am not 100%. Any help is greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/joopunderfire
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Would dolphins echolocation work out of water? How different would it be from bats echolocation?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 04:49 PM PDT

Would a dolphin "see" the way it is used to when using echolocation out of water?

submitted by /u/NumbPlatypus
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How is it possible that we can sleep too much? Shouldn't we wake up the moment our body has rested enough?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 12:20 AM PDT

How is the discrete particle aspect of photons consistent with cyclotron radiation?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 04:54 PM PDT

Speaking from a certain level of layman intuition, I can picture how a single charged particle spiraling around in a cyclotron can emit EM waves like this. What I'm having trouble understanding is the consistency between this wave model, and the discrete nature of photons, specifically in the case of cyclotron radiation.

As I understand it, you could detect individual discrete photon energy packets arriving at a detector at various times from a spiraling (accelerating) charge in a cyclotron. Does this discrete particle aspect indicate that there are instances in time when the accelerating charge is not producing a photon? Or else it seems like it would have to be emitting an infinite amount of photons (and energy) at every moment in time to mirror the continuous nature of the wave-like behavior in the gif?

submitted by /u/noun_exchanger
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What are the difference of bipolar and depression?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 07:37 PM PDT

Is intelligence hereditary?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 10:46 AM PDT

Why does each planet have exactly 5 Lagrange points?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 04:52 PM PDT

I can understand the location of L1, since it is located on the line segment connecting the centers of the Sun and the planet in question. Could someone explain where the other four should be, and why there are only four more?

submitted by /u/usernamematesout
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What biological 'equipment' does an organism need to feel pain (and can this be exclusive of suffering)?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 06:20 PM PDT

I'll preface this with the fact that I'm not very educated when it comes to science.

While it's obvious that land animals such as cats, pigs, cows, humans etc are capable of both feeling pain and suffering - I've been looking into bivalves like clams and oysters, and it seems they have a 'basic' brain structure in place. Ganglia, nerve cords e.t.c. Obviously no central nervous system though.

I've seen mixed opinions about whether or not this allows them to feel pain. In the case of clams, the evidence was given that they react to physical stimuli by moving away, in a similar way to mammals (and in a way that plants cannot). This seems to me more in line with sentience than with non-sentient life.

It seems that no-one really knows at this point, but I've heard both sides:

  • "Bivalves are very unlikely to be sentient due to a lack of a central nervous system."
  • "Bivalves' structures share much with sentient animals, so we would do better to err on the side of caution and treat them as such."

Basically, my questions are:

Are bivalves sentient?

What does an organism need to feel pain and/or suffer?

submitted by /u/JamesOfTheYear
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I covered a cast iron pan full of leftovers with aluminum foil two days ago. Today, when I went to reheat the food, I found that the aluminum foil had turned to swiss cheese, dissolving somehow onto the surface of our food! What process just happened here?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 03:32 PM PDT

If the coriolis effect makes hurricanes/typhoons swirl in different directions, what exactly happens when storms cross the equator? Do they begin to slow and weaken?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 04:12 PM PDT

How did we find that relaxed electrons emit light?

Posted: 10 Sep 2018 12:24 AM PDT

Why doesn’t thunder happen all at once? Why is the sound spread out?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 06:06 PM PDT

Does prosopagnosia/face blindness also affect how people see ‘faces’ on animals or is it restricted to humans?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 01:54 PM PDT

How much power does the average quartz watch use?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 10:14 PM PDT

So I did a Google search before asking this and couldn't find many solid answers. I'm assuming that the amount of power consumption differs from watch to watch as well as the battery capacity. Can anyone give me an estimate as to how much electricity is usually used to vibrate the quartz crystal to keep the watch functioning? Or at least give me an explanation as to why this question is hard to answer? Thank you!

submitted by /u/geoguy26
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What do pets see toys as? Does a cat see a butterfly on a string as prey? Does a dog see a cuddly toy as another animal?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 12:43 PM PDT

How much does long-term memory vary across humans?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 12:01 PM PDT

Do all people have a similar "forgetting rate" of stuff stored in long-term memory or is there a significant variation?

Also, is there a standard measure of long-term memory, aka "memory quotient"?

submitted by /u/falconberger
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Why does blood donation use hard needles unlike IV lines?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 09:08 AM PDT

It seems that when you give whole blood or platelets, they stick you with (a) rigid needle(s) and leave them in your vein(s). If you move too much, the needles can work their way out and cause bruising. But when you get an IV, they stick you with a rigid needle, but then leave only a flexible tube in your vein. Why don't they use flexible tubes for blood donations?

submitted by /u/PCup
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How was the experiment that lead scientists to found or confirm the universal gas constant?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 08:20 PM PDT

I know the constant (R) was found as a combination of some chemistry laws including Avogadro's, Gay-Lussac's and Boyle's and that it was determined empirically but there had to be one first experiment to found it or at least to confirm it.

submitted by /u/dani7447
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Can acoustic and optical phonon branch intersect?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 10:04 AM PDT

I studied that in the case of a diatomic chain in 1D, when the two atoms have the same mass, the optical and acoustic phonon branch intersect at some point. Now I was wondering if this is true also in the case of a 3D material, like diamond (that can be seen as a fcc lattice with 2 carbon atoms per cell). I've done a DFT simulation, but the resulting dispersion relation seems to negate this possibility. Did I made some mistake in the simulation or exists a gap between the two branches?

submitted by /u/Background_Jackfruit
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What do the numbers on oil mean?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 03:46 PM PDT

What are the numbers on engine oil actually measuring? I know the #W is winter and the next number is at 100C, but shouldn't viscosity go down as temperature rises? And is a bigger range better or a smaller range better?

submitted by /u/razorOO85
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Do Solid State Drives have any vulnerabilities that can be compared to how destructive magnetic fields are to HDDs?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 08:51 AM PDT

Sunday, September 9, 2018

How do we know what dinosaurs look like?

How do we know what dinosaurs look like?


How do we know what dinosaurs look like?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 09:50 AM PDT

Furthermore, how can scientist tell anything about the dinosaurs beyond the bones? Like skin texture and sounds.

submitted by /u/weeblybeebly
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Questions about black-hole mergers?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 03:59 AM PDT

As infalling gravitational singularities orbit each other faster and faster around a certain point, they produce waves that we've measured: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWqhUANNFXw

I was wondering what sort of geodesic they form in the microseconds before merger...as the event horizons draw nearer and pull space-time between them...is it a sort of torus, or elongated sphere? What would happen to certain particles, or even photons, trapped between them moving in an insanely fast figure 8; would they be accelerated out in escape velocities just before the merge? Does that generate a sort of 'radio blast' that would follow millions of years after we detected the gravity wave due to redshift?

submitted by /u/Riven55555
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Would solar systems with young stars have more radioactive isotopes?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 10:02 AM PDT

I was just thinking about how long it took for complex life on our planet to form. I had the thought that with more radioactivity from isotopes there would be more mutations which would make it difficult for multicellular organisms to reproduce without passing on mutations.

Like if we seeded life in young solar systems organisms with diploid cells would be more resilient than haploid bacteria at least but I assume there is a sweet spot in how much radioactivity is needed for complex life to thrive over millions and millions of years.

I haven't taken any advanced science classes yet but am I wrong in my understanding?

submitted by /u/nopasties
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How do we know How much lightyears a star is away from us?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 01:21 AM PDT

Even weirder: How do we even know What They are Made of and How hot They are and all that kind of stuff?

submitted by /u/RoyalRien
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If gravitons are extremely hard to detect if they’re real, is there any other way to experimentally verify their existence other than direct observation?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 02:52 AM PDT

Why are our ring fingers less dexterous than other fingers?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 11:24 AM PDT

We can move fingers like our pointer finger and pinky pretty much independently from other fingers. That isn't the case with our ring fingers. Why is that?

submitted by /u/EmilyClaire1718
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Can entangled photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) be generated without a UV pump laser? Can other wavelengths be used? Would specific crystals and angles be required?

Posted: 09 Sep 2018 01:08 AM PDT

So I'm very new to nonlinear optics and I discovered that using UB lasers and either barium borate (BBO) or potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP) crystals one can create entangled photons via the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. My question is, would this also be possible with other laser wavelengths? I don't really see why not in principle, though different crystals may be necessary? If you can tell me more about this or point me to some reading material, that would be greatly appreciated :) !

submitted by /u/Kardinality
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Where does fluid that gets 'locked' into your ear go?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 04:24 AM PDT

I've been using ear drops to clear wax in my ear and sometimes the drops disappear for more than a day before they come trickling out. Where have they gone? They can't get beyond the ear drum can they?

submitted by /u/freewaterfalls
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Exoplanets - is it lucky to find one?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 11:01 AM PDT

I know that as of March this year, over 2,300 confirmed exoplanets have been discovered, but considering the methods by which they're discovered, surely we're very lucky to find any at all. Transits of Venus arguably happen every 243 years, and aren't transits exactly how we discover exoplanets? Or is there another way we can search for them that doesn't rely on the exoplanet placing itself between its host star and us?

submitted by /u/BodaciousBuns
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How is a stamped hologram on a credit card different from other holograms, such that the image can be cut in half?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 06:19 PM PDT

Through reading about holograms, I have learned that a hologram cut in half should show the whole image, but through a more limited perspective. But this is not how the hologram on my credit card behaved when I cut it in half. I just got half of the image, as you would with a photograph.

Why would this happen with this sort of hologram and not with others?

Thanks.

Image: https://i.imgur.com/njuyVLm.jpg

submitted by /u/Sword_of_Apollo
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What’s the mechanism of muscle memory? Will cut and healed muscle keep its memory?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 08:59 AM PDT

Atoms have roughly the same number of protons and neutrons. How much of a coincidence is that?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 11:01 AM PDT

Does every known animal require sleep?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 01:53 AM PDT

Is vision universally optimal or optimal for us?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 01:47 AM PDT

So the "visual spectrum" for humans is 700-400 ish nm light. I know certain insects see in the ultraviolet band as well. I would assume some animals see somewhat lower into the infrared. My question is, what makes that narrow portion of thr em spectrum optimal? Is it optimal? Or did it evolve because other life interacted with that band and so early photoreceptors evolved to sense it? Would it be conceivable that some alien species sees in microwaves, for instance and has named small slices of that the way we name colors? So for them our visual spectrum would be lumped in with the "infra red" or "radio" bands?

submitted by /u/rao000
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Will a car accelerate quicker driving with the rotation of the earth or slower going against the rotation of the earth or does it have no effect?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 05:26 AM PDT

When we do maths, what goes on in the neurons in our brains?

Posted: 08 Sep 2018 04:28 AM PDT

I believe computers have transistors that directly input and output answers when doing maths like addition or multiplication, but what goes on in our neurons when we do maths that makes us much slower than computers?

submitted by /u/corimaith
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Why do things like laughing really hard and yawning make your eyes water?

Posted: 07 Sep 2018 10:16 PM PDT