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Saturday, August 25, 2018

Can cancer be transferred from host to host?

Can cancer be transferred from host to host?


Can cancer be transferred from host to host?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 07:47 PM PDT

Okay, so say cancer cells or a tumor are removed from a human or animal, and are then surgically placed inside of another hosts body, will the cancer cells survive and continue to duplicate? Or will the process of them leaving the host be enough to kill them in the first place?

submitted by /u/alextomato
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How far back in human history would we have to go before modern humans could not reproduce with their ancestors?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 01:11 PM PDT

i.e. how far back would we have to go to be technically considered a different species?

submitted by /u/bizzehdee
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How does Vanta Black work when it comes to absorbing light?

Posted: 25 Aug 2018 06:29 AM PDT

Specifically, what happens to the light it absorbs? Is there a limit of how much light it can absorb? Does the fact that it absorbs light mean it actually stops the photons?

submitted by /u/twelveinchmeatlong
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Is there a point/determination which a trans person is considered male or female when gender specific health/medical information is involved?

Posted: 25 Aug 2018 05:38 AM PDT

Something that I've often wondered is when a transgender person is considered their cisgender equivalent in terms of government advice on health and alcohol consumption, but also taking 'gendered' multivitamins among many other possibilities.

For example, regarding:

"Doctors suggest that women should drink less than men. This is because women's body tissue absorbs higher concentration of alcohol than men's."

When does it matter that a trans person follow the guidelines for their cisgender equivalent? Does it at all?

Hormone replacement therapy does redistribute fat and change a bunch of other things like the ability to gain and maintain muscle mass, so I'm wondering when these types of advice above becomes relevant.

If I had to make an educated guess, would it be based on the dominant sex hormone(s) over a certain period of time, or the mere fact that a sex hormone is dominant to begin with (regardless of a timescale)?

submitted by /u/firebyte
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Why do very few high order derivatives not show up very often in equations of motion?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 02:22 PM PDT

I've seen a lot of equations of motion in terms of velocity and acceleration. But I've never seen ones where dn x/dtn for n > 2 show up or even the n-th integral of x with respect to t ever pop up. This even seems to happen in what I've read about quantum mechanics and relativity, (although I haven't read much about relativity).

Why would the laws of physics pretty much limit itself to only using distance, velocity, and acceleration when there's an infinite amount of higher order derivatives that it could use?

submitted by /u/ddotquantum
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Why there is potential energy inside the nucleus of an atom?

Posted: 25 Aug 2018 05:20 AM PDT

I dont understand why there is a lot of potential energy inside atoms and why fission and fusion release energy. I dont understand the relationship between binding energy and electrostatic force.

submitted by /u/calistosystem
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Why is it that objects are exposed to great heat and friction when entering into Earth’s atmosphere coming from space, to the ground, when those same objects that leave earth do not seem to be affected by the same forces?

Posted: 25 Aug 2018 04:45 AM PDT

When objects are coming from space back to earth's ground surface, they experience great heat, friction and other forces when entering the atmosphere. Why is it that rockets don't seem to be subjected to the same fear of burning due to friction leaving earth, as they do returning?

Obviously, rockets can explode and they can break apart due to gravitational forces and pressures, but unless I am fundamentally misunderstanding physics, they don't seem to share the same kinds of concerns leaving, as opposed to entering. What is the cause for reentry friction, as opposed to initial take off friction and heat?

submitted by /u/xXTheCitrusReaperXx
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Why do neutral atoms of almost all elements release energy when an electron is added to them,why do some elements deviate from this behaviour?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 01:10 PM PDT

I don't quite understand why electron gain enthalpy is negative.

submitted by /u/NAYAN_SEES
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We can't specify the position of an electron around the atom, applying the same principle we also can't specify the position of the nucleus, right?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 01:20 PM PDT

Why is it that some scents (cigarette smoke) cling to our clothes or other objects, and others do not?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 10:57 AM PDT

Are there any physical or chemical differences between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 03:13 PM PDT

For years, I've been told all about my "fast twitch" and "slow twitch" muscle fibers when being coached for cross country, track, and tennis. However, I've never stopped to think about what makes muscle fibers one or the other.

Here are some of my main questions about it: 1) Are there any actual differences between them? 2) Are muscle fibers either fast twitch or slow twitch? If yes, can they switch from being fast twitch to slow twitch, or are they only either one? 3) Do the differences come from the way they are formed, or utilized (difference in signals coming from the brain)? If the differences come from being formed, how does your body know what type to form and where to form them?

If there are no differences, am I thinking into this too much? Is it just that there's a difference when you're doing aerobic versus anaerobic exercise? Clearly, I don't know much about this topic. Please try to help me understand :)

submitted by /u/Jaetpack
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Does Mars have enough of an atmosphere to allow sound to travel through it?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 02:56 PM PDT

This picture of Godzilla on Mars made me wonder if Mars has enough of an atmosphere to allow sound to travel through it. Such as Godzilla's distinctive roar (assuming it could even roar with so much carbon dioxide)

If we had a microphone, or even a human standing on Mars in an EVA suit, would they be able to hear sounds from any large distance? Or would they even feel the vibrations through the soles of their shoes from a sound originating above ground level?

submitted by /u/ChuunibyouImouto
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How do our brains know to send the correct signal to move a specific part of our body (i.e a specific finger or toe)?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 11:40 AM PDT

I've read that it is estimated that something between 60% and 90% of all species are insects. Regardless of the actual number: why are insects such a rich and diverse class of species?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 01:58 PM PDT

Is there any practical reason as to why there are so many species that are insects compared to other classes? Or is it just that our way of classifying animals makes the insects somehow a broader class than others?

submitted by /u/whatkindofred
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Can what someone looked like in life be reconstructed with DNA alone? Can we use the DNA of people who died before photography and reconstruct their appearance? (For example, King Richard III's bones/DNA)

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 03:14 PM PDT

What kind of fish and other aquatic creatures lived along side cavemen?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 02:48 PM PDT

Is it true that time stops at the surface of a black hole? How does that happen?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 07:45 AM PDT

What purpose does HBr serve in medications?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 08:08 AM PDT

I'm super interested in medications and chemistry. Obviously I know this is Hydrobromide, but what purpose does it serve? Thank you for your responses!

submitted by /u/mumblrrr
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Is a particle's probability wave a wave in the quantum field?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 08:31 AM PDT

A particle is an excitation in some quantum field. Before measurement, when the particle is best described as a probability wave, is that waviness something happening in the field, or is the probability distribution itself a description applied separately to the field. In other words, is the probability wave a wave in the quantum field, or a statement of uncertainty about what is happening in the quantum field?

submitted by /u/harumphfrog
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Do Bosonic and Fermionic isotopes tend to have different chemical properties?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 08:00 AM PDT

Friday, August 24, 2018

How does water get hot enough to evaporate and form clouds? It needs to get at least 100°C and that seems tough, especially in the winter.

How does water get hot enough to evaporate and form clouds? It needs to get at least 100°C and that seems tough, especially in the winter.


How does water get hot enough to evaporate and form clouds? It needs to get at least 100°C and that seems tough, especially in the winter.

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 12:49 AM PDT

How fast are ions moving during electrolysis?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 10:10 PM PDT

Could a room temperature plasma exist?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 05:41 AM PDT

To be brief: Generally in nature we see matter in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. The state of an element or compound is generally dependent upon its chemical / atomic properties and the outside forces acting on it. Could there be an element or compound not yet discovered that exists as a plasma at close to what we would consider "room temperature"? I was thinking about high temperature superconductors and mentally started down this little rabbit hole, but don't know enough about plasmas to even make an intelligent guess.

submitted by /u/musicmunky
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How big of a role does drag play in atmospheric reentry breakup?

Posted: 24 Aug 2018 02:04 AM PDT

Are there any natural processes that involve the weak nuclear force?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 10:36 PM PDT

Why is it that for some things (like pulling the seal off a milk bottle), you need dry fingers or rough textures, but for other things (like opening a plastic carrier bag) you need wet fingers and smooth textures?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 01:54 PM PDT

Why do two seemingly similar surfaces need such different approaches to generate grip?

submitted by /u/claireauriga
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Is there a limit for an optical telescope and how further it can look? Is there a limit in general for how further we can look into space?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 05:47 PM PDT

I was curious if there is any limit for an optical telescope with lenses and mirrors to look further into space. If we make big optical telescope with giant lenses will it be good and can look much further? I also read about electro-magnetic telescope, but didn't fully understand how it can pictures or simulate how far away objects look like. With the kinds of telescope there are today, how do you mkae better telescope. I mean what are the technical things to do for making a telescope or any kind of technology to look further into space, and making a picture that a normal person can see and understand how the object looks like.

submitted by /u/Yuval2B
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How are species that change sex when the male/female population is too low able to trigger the response?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 03:31 PM PDT

It's my understanding that certain species will change sex when the opposite sex has disproportionate population numbers. How are they able to react to the lack of mates? Is it chemical signaling? If so, how is this communicated between the organisms?

submitted by /u/Para2014
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The earth is an oblate spheroid. What effect does it have on plate tectonics when plates move over regions with differing curvature?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 10:43 AM PDT

Why is does a pot make sounds right before the water starts to boil?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 12:59 PM PDT

Is the epicenter for fore and aftershocks generally the same as for the main earthquake? How spread out are they generally?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 06:04 PM PDT

Also, is there a general "size" of the epicenter? Like, how detailed do we make the epicenter map? For instance, this map shows the epicenter for the 2015 Nepali Earthquakes. How zoomed in on that epicenter could I go and still have a definite line?

submitted by /u/Sophia_Forever
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Is air a homogeneous or heterogenous mixture?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 02:20 PM PDT

Today in Chemistry class, we were going over the types of solutions/compounds and the teacher classified air (just "in general") as a homogenous mixture. However, its contents aren't defined and it's not uniform in its composition. Is it still homogenous due to its average composition, or it it heterogenous because it doesn't fit normal definitions?

submitted by /u/video-brain-games
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How are we able to distinguish between two sounds that are the same pitch but come from different instruments?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 07:39 AM PDT

For example how come a violin playing a note with a frequency of 196Hz sounds different than a trumpet playing at 196Hz?

submitted by /u/TriathlonBoy1
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How does a single transistor malfunctioning not render an entire computer unusable?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 03:10 AM PDT

I dont know of this is the correct sub to ask, but anyway this is my question.

If I change one + sign in my code to - the whole program gives rubbish results. Then how does a computer which depends upon thousands of transistors not turn into garbage with a single transistor going dead.

submitted by /u/IG_Monkey
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How is there ice on top of Mt. Everest if it's closer to the sun?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 09:54 PM PDT

Ok so I've asked a couple of smart people I know this (I'm not the brightest :P) and they've made guesses like:

It's not real heat, its solar radiation that comes from the sun and they because of the laws of energy conservation, it's converted to heat when it's reflected or absorbed on the Earth's surface (like how white reflects and black absorbs), this kind of makes sense but I want to know the real answer. Thanks!!

submitted by /u/Sergeantboingo
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Am i blinding spiders?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 10:29 PM PDT

I have one of those super bright tactical flashlights that have warnings NOT to shine them in people's eyes due to possible retina damage. I use my flashlight at night outside in my yard and like to look at all the spiders and check out how neat they are. Then it occurred to me, could I be blinding them because my light is too bright? I've noticed several of the really cool ones are gone and I'm worried it's my fault.

submitted by /u/amanda0369
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What is the physiological cause of death in excited delirium patients?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 09:56 AM PDT

I'm struggling to understand what exactly causes the sudden respiratory and then cardiac arrest. Is it actually related to the "excited delirium" or is it due to extraneous factors, such as being accidentally smothered by the police?

submitted by /u/Lilalu182
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Thursday, August 23, 2018

mtDNA is passed down from females to all of their children; shouldn't there be people around who carry denisovan or neanderthal mtDNA because they had a great- great- (etc) grandmother who was denisovan or neanderthal?

mtDNA is passed down from females to all of their children; shouldn't there be people around who carry denisovan or neanderthal mtDNA because they had a great- great- (etc) grandmother who was denisovan or neanderthal?


mtDNA is passed down from females to all of their children; shouldn't there be people around who carry denisovan or neanderthal mtDNA because they had a great- great- (etc) grandmother who was denisovan or neanderthal?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 06:12 AM PDT

in 2012, pestalotiopsis microspora was discovered to be able to live entirely on polyurethane. Has anything developed since then for practical application as a biodegrader?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 09:34 AM PDT

Would it be possible to design a spring with variable stiffness depending on an applied electrical current?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 06:10 AM PDT

Say I want to design a constant force translational spring with a decent amount of play. For a constant force Fc, I guess the spring would have to obey Hooke's law F = kx, where k would equal to Fc/x.

Are there any materials where one could vary the stiffness using a current, or otherwise achieve a similar result? Current designs for constant force springs seem to have very little play. I could use an actuator but want to keep it as light as possible.

submitted by /u/FadieZ
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Does a large-scale terrain irregularity database exist?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 06:37 AM PDT

Greetings.

Considering that:

  1. The mountain/non-mountain distinction is subjective;

  2. "Land can have a degree of ruggedness whether or not it is described as a mountain. Moreover, land at low elevations can be more rugged than land at higher elevations."1

I'd like to know whether a database showing the proportion or index of large-scale terrain irregularities - i.e. of tens of miles or more - by country exists. The purpose is to infer the level of difficulty in the laying of infrastructure and to carry out cross-country comparisons.

Ideally the database would allow to restrict the data to land with the exclusion of body of waters such as lakes or rivers.

Thanks.


1 "Consider the analogy of hills. Hills can be of varying degrees of steepness; the steeper the hill, the more exertion required to get to the top. Yet there is never any debate over whether an inclination is a hill. Indeed, public roads often display gradient ratios indicating precisely how steep a hill is: 1:10; 1:8, etc. Such quantifications make calculations of the energy required to traverse the hill possible (or, alternatively, which gear to put your car or bicycle in); a sign reading "Hill" or "Not a Hill" would not."

submitted by /u/In_der_Tat
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If the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, does that imply that certain parts of the universe are in principle unobservable/unknowable?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 05:27 PM PDT

Color Blindness in Men?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 05:45 AM PDT

I read somewhere that color blindness affects men much, much more than it affects women (approx 1/12 men vs 1/200 women). Can anyone explain why that is the case? I'm sure there probably isn't much research in this particular topic, but if anyone has some leads or ideas that'd be great.

submitted by /u/B1toE2
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Discussion in Hawaii: Do the two 14,000 ft. mountains on Hawaii Island, especially massive Mauna Loa, impact the path of approaching hurricanes?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 04:48 PM PDT

Exerting influence on them so they tend to veer off? Question being much discussed today with Hurricane Lane bearing down.

Speculation is that if a hurricane had a direct path to the Big Island, it would strike and devastate, but if the storm skirts the island to begin with, the mountains might act to amplify movement towards open ocean.

submitted by /u/Markdd8
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If there's a cosmic horizon and we can never go outside it, are we not inside a black hole right now?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 09:08 PM PDT

I thought of this because I was told in billions of years we would be unable to travel outside our local supercluster due to space expansion. Isn't this the same thing as being inside the event horizon of a black hole where the contents (mass) of the black hole were just the galaxies of our local supercluster?

submitted by /u/TheNarwhaaaaal
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What are the metals the most hazardous to humans?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 03:24 AM PDT

Which metals in their elemental state would pose the most serious hazard if they enter the body?

Also does metal toxicity get worse as the metal is heavier, or are there other factors?

submitted by /u/88880
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How does an ovary decide which egg to drop?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 09:38 AM PDT

When the body drops an egg from the ovary in anticipation of being fertilized, how is the specific egg chosen? Is there a queue of eggs waiting in a funnel-like system that switches every other month? Is it completely random?

submitted by /u/upsidetoolkit
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How do IR detection cards work?

Posted: 23 Aug 2018 02:49 AM PDT

I recently saw this vid: https://youtu.be/iR1Ku5dnbH8 . And it showcased an infrared detection card, which seemed like magic to me. How do they work?

submitted by /u/Pauliusvaliuke
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Why is Young's Modulus of metals the same for compression and tension?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 04:44 PM PDT

I've found numerous sources that say Young's Modulus for most metals is the same for compression and tension. This confuses me because I've also found numerous sources that show that the repulsion forces between atoms increases more sharply with respect to deviations from the undeformed position than do the attraction forces. See this picture. This would imply that Young's Modulus would be greater for compression than tension, since compression deformation would have to overcome more atomic force than tension deformation. Is it because when deformations are small the change in repulsion and attraction forces is approximately symmetrical as shown in this picture from this website?

submitted by /u/bnpm
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Are there North American species that have invaded other countries/continents causing issues or extinctions through human travel like we experience?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 06:55 PM PDT

For example killer bees, carp, zebra mussel.

submitted by /u/Trumphantsurprise
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What happens to individual solar systems when galaxies collide?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 06:14 PM PDT

For example, in a few billion years the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies are going to collide...what will happen to the our solar system at that point?

submitted by /u/Bradadiah
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Why do I look different on my camera than I do in the mirror? Which is what I most closely look like in person?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 04:55 PM PDT

So on my selfie camera my face looks a lot redder and you can see pores being pronounced . In the mirror I look much better with my face all clear.

submitted by /u/0288572
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Why does CO2 trap heat in the atmosphere instead of preventing heat from entering the atmosphere?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 02:02 PM PDT

When an electron and positron collide with each other two gamma rays will be produced and the angle betwenn these two is 180°. Why must the angle be 180°?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 11:38 AM PDT

What happens if hurricane hits a volcano?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 11:28 AM PDT

This may be a dumb question, but the current events in Hawaii made me curious.

Thanks for your time.

submitted by /u/SeederLol
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Can an electromagnetic an wave exist only within certain frames of reference?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 07:10 AM PDT

I was once pointed out this paradox by a physics teacher:


Imagine an isolated Moon with enough gravity, in vacuum to be more "dramatic". There is a pedestrian standing on its surface. At the same time, up there there is a unlucky space-diver who is in free fall towards the same ground the pedestrian is standing. This space-diver is holding an electron between his thumb and his index finger.

Whether inertial or not frames of references, it happens to be that the pedestrian can observe an electromagnetic wave coming out from that electron, because it's an accelerated charge. But at the same time the space-diver can't observe the wave because on his frame the charge has no motion (therefore no acceleration). How happen that the E.M. wave exists in one frame but doesn't exits in the other?


My teacher already told us that this is still an unsolved paradox, and that Maxwell Equations and relativistic electrodynamics still hasn't a clear answer. I had been believing him for a decade, but the question poped-up in my head recently. Was my teacher right?

submitted by /u/Lmuser
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On a cellular level, how does aging manifest itself?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 10:38 AM PDT

How do 'old' cells compare to 'young' ones?

submitted by /u/gzorro
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Is there an electromagnetic equivalent of a black hole where charged particles would need to travel at the speed of light to escape the electric force exerted on it?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 05:07 AM PDT

Temperature is related to average KE. Interstellar space is said to have a temperature of 3 degrees K. Does that mean interstellar particles are barely moving?

Posted: 22 Aug 2018 08:25 AM PDT

I understand that a warm thermometer in space would eventually radiate nearly all its energy, finally coming to thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, and display 3 degrees K. But how does this square with the fact that space particles are zipping around at high velocities and high KE (I presume)?

submitted by /u/xaplexus
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