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Thursday, August 16, 2018

Is there a spot where the big bang happened? do we know where it is? Is it the center of the universe? If you go there, is there a net force of zero acting on you in all directions ( gravity)

Is there a spot where the big bang happened? do we know where it is? Is it the center of the universe? If you go there, is there a net force of zero acting on you in all directions ( gravity)


Is there a spot where the big bang happened? do we know where it is? Is it the center of the universe? If you go there, is there a net force of zero acting on you in all directions ( gravity)

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 12:30 PM PDT

EDIT: Wow thanks for all of the answers and the support, this is my most popular post yet and first time on trending page of this sub! (i'm new to reddit)

submitted by /u/skylerchaikin
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If we can see 13.2 billion light years away with the Ultra Deep Field, does that mean that the universe was that big 13.2 billion years ago?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 12:28 AM PDT

So first let me say I am so excited to find this page, I've been looking for something like this for a long time.

So the universe started x number of years ago (13.6 billion?) and so that is the limit of what we would be able to see. Ultra deep field I believe saw up to around 13.2? Billion light years away (essentially 13.2 billion years into the past).

And I believe it would have been the same story if it was pointed at a completely different part of the sky. And also would be the same if someone way out there had one pointing at us.

Which would make not only everywhere the center, but everywhere also the edge (of the observable universe).

So my question/confusion comes in, because doesn't that mean that the universe was that big that long ago?

Or even more, what if (theoretically) you leap frogged the telescopes, and we saw 13 billion light years away (13 billion years into the past) and then put a telescope there pointing in the same direction, and so on?

I feel like I'm making an incorrect assumption somewhere.

submitted by /u/brianenergy
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The quasar quasar PKS1353-341 is 46 billion times brighter than the sun. What does that mean for the surrounding galaxies?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 02:53 AM PDT

A very bright quasar was found to be obscuring hundreds of galaxies.

Quoting from the article:

the quasar's light is so bright that it has obscured hundreds of galaxies clustered around it.

In their new analysis, the researchers estimate that there are hundreds of individual galaxies in the cluster, which, all told, is about as massive as 690 trillion suns. Our Milky Way galaxy, for comparison, weighs in at around 400 billion solar masses.

The team also calculates that the quasar at the center of the cluster is 46 billion times brighter than the sun.

What does this mean in practice? How far away would you have to be for the light not to be unbearable?

submitted by /u/mvuijlst
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Why does a seemingly-small global temperature change, say a couple degrees cause so many changes and why is it so catastrophic?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 03:28 PM PDT

Do chimpanzees have unique fingerprints just like humans? If they do, do they also form patterns of swirls, loops or arches?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 08:12 PM PDT

Basically just wondering if a chimpanzee could use TouchID on a smartphone.

submitted by /u/Zandirian
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Supposing a primordial Black hole of one Earth mass fell into the Earth, about how much time would it take to absorb our planet?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 08:16 PM PDT

Pretty much what it says.

Supposing there is such a thing, I suppose it would be very small and have a very limited surface to interact with Earth while it sort of orbits around the center of mass in the core.

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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Why is the color in rain filled clouds so dark?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 11:38 PM PDT

I spent a weird amount of time the other day observing the color of rain filled clouds, and so I was wondering, why are rainy clouds dark grey, when in fact it's conformed of water droplets which are transparent. I thought maybe it had to do with the temperature of the water, but hot water is just less clear than cold water, not darker in any way; so, why are those clouds so dark? Is it because of the way it refracts light? I would really love an answer to this question because it truly does intrigue me deeply.

submitted by /u/lindamarin
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How are music instruments sounds affected by a different gravity on another planet?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 01:37 AM PDT

Why exactly is speed of light speed limit?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 10:41 AM PDT

For so long I have been trying to find explanation to why speed of light is speed limit.

The answers that I get are: "Because time stops" or "You would need infinite energy to reach speed limit" or "You can only reach 99.99% of speed of light", other explanations that are formula-a-like contain constants like Planck length or vacuum permittivity which again contain c. I have been stuck in this loop for a long time and I would be very grateful if someone could explain why speed of light is maximum speed limit give me some directions to some videos for graphical explanation or some literature with some formulas that I could plug in numbers.

submitted by /u/Let_me_tug_it
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If glass has no regular crystalline structure, why does tempered glass tend to break into rectangles instead of completely randomly shaped pieces?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 10:00 PM PDT

Is it possible to distill in room temperature, just slowly?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 01:22 AM PDT

For instance, you put alcohol in room temperature 'boiler' and then just run the thing through condenser. Wouldn't the alcohol just vaporize making the distillation happen only slowly?

submitted by /u/buggaz
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Why is magnetism seen in elements like Iron - but not elements like Carbon or Silicon?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 08:36 PM PDT

I've read that magnetism in elements like iron - is caused by lone electrons in orbitals that spin in 1 direction and that magnetism is merely the cumulative effect of these electrical charges moving through space with 1 spin.

But according to Hund's rule, the electron configuration of many elements with 4 valence electrons such as Carbon or Silicon also have their outer orbitals filled with electrons spinning in only 1 direction.

So why are elements like Iron magnetic but not elements like Carbon or Silicon?

submitted by /u/Phamellie
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How aerodynamic are hatchbacks?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 12:05 AM PDT

How do hatchbacks compare with sedans when it comes to induced drag? Which is more aerodynamic, and why?

submitted by /u/88880
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How does unpolarized light work? If unpolarized light is a collection of waves of random polarization and phase, distributed randomly, wouldn’t the electric field at any point add up to zero?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 07:32 PM PDT

What is the highest electrical resistance possible?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 02:46 PM PDT

Most questions answer this in terms of conductive material such as aluminum vs. rubber etc. What about air? What about a vacuum?

I recently bought Corona Dope for an electric fence project that was shorting out, and I was wondering wtf that stuff is made of that it stopped the shorts between two contacts that were arcing in just air. Is this material more resistive than air?

submitted by /u/stevenette
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Can we expect a decisive answer about the existence of a ninth planet any time soon? Or is progress difficult and slow?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 11:23 PM PDT

Do vegans have different gut bacteria?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 05:16 PM PDT

I know that animals like horses and cows have different bacteria in their GI tracts due to only eating plants and no meat, which is why their manure can be used as fertilizer. If humans eat a strictly vegan diet long enough, do their GI tracts adjust the bacteria in the same way?

submitted by /u/bearmahogany
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What thermal quantity do we sense?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 07:00 PM PDT

Obviously we can distinguish between hot or cold, but what exact physical quantity do our bodies "measure" or sense? For example, temperature, thermal capacity, heat flux, heat rate, etc.

I don't think we sense temperature, because a metal at room temperature will feel colder than a nonmetal at room temperature.

What thermal quantity do we sense when we touch things?

submitted by /u/AdventureMan5000
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For how long has animal psychopathology been a field of study?

Posted: 16 Aug 2018 01:33 AM PDT

I would assume that ''strange behaviour in animals'' has been studied for quite a while, but not as psychopathologies.

I tried to do some googling and the earliest book I could find is ''Origins of Madness: Psychopathology in animal life(1979)'' by J.D. Keehn, but I'm not sure if this is the earliest instance of it.

Sorry, I'm not sure if this falls under biology or psychology.

submitted by /u/SpeaksWithPictures
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Why does the shape of the moon change depending on where you are on the Earth?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 01:36 PM PDT

For example, I live in England and the moon waxes and wanes in a lateral, sideways motion day to day (so the crescent is shaped in a C). However, I'm currently on the equator and it waxes and wanes upwards and downwards (so the crescent is shaped like a U). I can't quite figure it out.

submitted by /u/cr214
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In quantum theory, how do particles get entangled?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 01:15 PM PDT

I'm trying to understand entanglement, and there are a lot of articles about it, but I have yet to find one that explains how to entangle particles or photons in the first place. To simplify the question, would it be possible to explain how to entangle two electrons, and some of the implications of this. No complex maths, please (I only did physics to A level some years ago).

submitted by /u/RegularHovercraft
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Does keeping a spring compressed cause it to become looser? (This question coming from Nerf, but applies in many contexts)

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 06:08 PM PDT

Let me explain the context from which my question is coming, but ultimately, it is a general question. In Nerf, some blasters use magazines to feed darts. The magazine has a spring, which pushes the darts upward so they can be fed. Some people say leaving the magazines loaded is a bad idea because keeping the spring compressed will cause it to degrade performance. Some say that doesn't happen, or that wouldn't happen in a period of time that relates to play.

Similarly, some blasters are spring powered. Again, some people say to not leave the blasters primed where the spring is in a compressed position. Some say it doesn't matter.

There seems to be conflicting information in google searches. Some say compression causes deformation, some talk about fatigue limits, elastic regions, and so on. It seems that a lot of people are trying to apply their common sense, but it's not clear whether it works in this case for practical applications.

So, does keeping a spring compressed cause it to lose decompression power?

submitted by /u/Okumam
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Wednesday, August 15, 2018

When Pangea divided, the seperate land masses gradually grew further apart. Does this mean that one day, they will again reunite on the opposite sides? Hypothetically, how long would that process take?

When Pangea divided, the seperate land masses gradually grew further apart. Does this mean that one day, they will again reunite on the opposite sides? Hypothetically, how long would that process take?


When Pangea divided, the seperate land masses gradually grew further apart. Does this mean that one day, they will again reunite on the opposite sides? Hypothetically, how long would that process take?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 09:01 PM PDT

All the depictions of Pangea that I've seen show one landmass on one side of the globe. What if anything is on the other side? Or, did the landmass span around the globe and the representation is just for simplicity of illustration?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 04:59 AM PDT

Why does air humidity make temperature feel hotter?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 07:41 PM PDT

Does it have something to do with making the air more thermal conductive? Or something else?

submitted by /u/Blazin_Potato
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Why is there a big gap in salamander range between southern China and Manchuria?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 09:38 PM PDT

According to Wikipedia's salamander range map, there is a discontinuity in salamander range. They don't inhabit a large core area of north China, but they inhabit areas to its north (Manchuria) and south. The article says their Old World habitat is Holarctic, and Wikipedia's Holarctic map fully covers north China.

submitted by /u/-n-y
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Are Mosquito Effected by Drug Content in Blood?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 10:49 AM PDT

If someone takes medication like Aderall, and then a mosquito sucks their blood, does the drug (amphetamines in this case) have any effect on the mosquito sucking it? Would a mosquito become drunk from drinking blood with a high alcohol content?

submitted by /u/trustMeImDoge
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Why aren’t/can’t non-recyclable plastics be processed and used as aggregate in construction applications?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 07:52 PM PDT

Is it possible to detetc canine distemper virus with a pregnancy test?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 10:13 PM PDT

My vet recommend me to aply a CDV test to my dog cause he has a runny nose (clear, aqueous snot) constantly sneeze, and sometimes reverse sneeze. I thought it was flue or allergy, but my vet told me to make the test just to be sure despite my dog is vaccinated against the virus. Anyway, I boarded the "omg, my dog probably has CDV, he's going to die" train and ask my vet to do the test. Latter he came with a pregnancy test and I was like "wtf, that's a pregnancy test", but he told me it worked for CDV too, a was really anxious and wasn't thinking straight and told him "yeah, whatever you're the vet, I don't want my dog to die". The test was performed with a snot and ocular fluid sample, with a negative result at the end. He told me "ok, seems like is just a flue" and I go home with a prescription for the flue. Then I remember the little I learned about antibodies in college and read about how pregnancy tests work, antigens, antibodies and shit. And now it seems to me that my vet trick me to get some extra money, or he simply doesn't know what he is doing, also I'm worried again about my dog.

tl;dr: my vet applied a pregnancy test to my dog to detect canine distemper virus, and now I think he trick me to get extra money or he doesn't know what he is doing. Can that work?

submitted by /u/Lau-G
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How did organisms find themselves with different numbers of chromosomes from species to species? Humans have 46 while fruit flies have 8.

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 06:17 PM PDT

I have been trying to do some reading and asking around about the following question, but I feel like I am confused, probably because I am missing an important point or five:

So, through the slow processes of evolution, new genes arise out of mutations, where new gentic information can be introduced into DNA and ultimately the gene pool.

What I do not understand is how organisms have a different number of chromosomes differing species to species. How is it that a unit as large as a chromosome, packed with an immense amount of genetic information, varies among the plant and animal world? Is a chromosome added or reduced suddenly, or introduced/chipped away gradually over time, becoming a new, or lost chromosome?

If an additional chromosome is added or taken out in the next generation, how could that animal survive? Down syndrome, where organisms have an additional chromosome due to issues with crossing-over, are in almost all cases mentally inequipt to survive the dangers of life. A reduction of an entire chromosome can also have many ill-effects.

In addition, organisms that have different chromosomes are unable to mate and produce viable offspring when mating with an orgnasm of another species, due to the different number and types of chromosomes. So, how is it that if an orgasim survived a change in the number of chromosomes where able to pass that new line of genetic information on, if the number of chromosomes dictates what can breed and what can't?

I'm obviously missing some important, fundamental information.

submitted by /u/BlackSheep717
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Is water subducted along with crust?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 05:26 AM PDT

At the marianas trench, for example, ocean crust is subducted down into the mantle. I was wondering if water goes along with the crust.

Follow ups:

  1. If so, how much water, in general?

  2. Does that mean there was more surface water in the past than there is now? If so, how much? How do we know? If not, what mechanism is there to return water to the surface?

  3. What happens to the water that is subducted along with the crust? Does it bond with magma? Does it remain in liquid form or steam? Does it aid in cooling?

submitted by /u/heisenberger
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Does water, in its liquid state, exist as H2O molecules or H+ and OH- ions?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 05:12 AM PDT

Why do radio signals of the same frequency not mix, but rather, one overpowers the other?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 02:03 PM PDT

For clarity: I live in between the ranges of two radio broadcasts of the same frequency, often when I am listening to one, the other takes over; why wouldn't the signals always combine to form an amalgamation of both broadcasts?

submitted by /u/MasterTorgo
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How are annual meteor showers annual?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 03:05 PM PDT

How does the process for using cream of tartar to remove silver tarnish work?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 01:25 PM PDT

The process is described here: https://www.stain-removal-101.com/homemade-silver-cleaner.html The short summary is that dissolved cream of tartar in water when there's silver and aluminum in the water and touching each other cleans off tarnish from the silver. How does this work? Given that the aluminum and silver need to be in contact, it seems like this is some sort of battery-like process.

submitted by /u/JoshuaZ1
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Why can't herbivores eat meat, and why can't carnivores eat plants?

Posted: 15 Aug 2018 01:21 AM PDT

Is there a fundamental difference in the digestion process? Is it psychological? I know very little about animal anatomy or biology, but I would love to learn more!

submitted by /u/Mr_Industrial
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What are the current roadblocks to creating practical quantum computers?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 07:22 PM PDT

Are there places where glaciers are growing?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 12:11 PM PDT

Do oranges and vitamin C actually help agaisnt colds or is this just one of those wide spread missinformations?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 02:59 PM PDT

If it does help, how does it help?

submitted by /u/Dwolfknight
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How do they 3D print things in space if there is no gravity to hold it down?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 05:41 PM PDT

Why do we have ulna AND radius ? Is it something with shock absorbing ?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 03:19 PM PDT

Why did the oxygen levels changed so wildly in the Carboniferous period?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 11:14 AM PDT

I'v seen some videos that got me extra curious.

From what i understand in very basic fashion is that somehow the trees 'evolutionized' this lignin stuff and started wrapping themselves in it like growing bark, except this bark grew like a mf and averaged like 1 part actual tree and 8 parts bark around it (max 20-1) . this made trees like towers and when they did finally outgrew themselves and fall over non of the decomposing stuff that was around could get through the bark. this made carbon rise and oxygen to rise and then animals and insects started getting huge. after a while the decomposing stuff learned how to eat lignin and stuff setelled.

Now this right here i don't get, every living thing has that evolution story of how it managed to get by, like fins, gills, wings and such, but usually these changes help the species like get by more easily or bump them up 1 or 2 in a few cases to the top of the food chain. Lignin f'ed up the world for like 60 million years, can anyone provide like a not heavy on chemistry explanation about how long did it take decomposeroids to learn how to eat lignin, how did the trees came up with that insane stuff in the first place..???

submitted by /u/viktor_vaizale
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How do doctors get the blood pressure of patients with amputated limbs?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 06:57 AM PDT

Does every galaxy have a supermassive black hole?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 01:11 PM PDT

I came across this article and it had me wonder, "doesn't every galaxy have a supermassive black hole at the center?".

I'm assuming I'm wrong here, is there one that has no black hole at the center?

submitted by /u/FlusteredByBoobs
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What happens to the adrenal gland during a kidney transplant?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 02:45 PM PDT

I read that the donor's adrenal gland is left behind, but is the recipient's gland somehow reconnected? If not, do patients experience problems with adrenal fatigue with one gland that has to work extra?

submitted by /u/AggressiveOil
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Tuesday, August 14, 2018

Is it difficult to determine the password for an encryption if you are given both the encrypted and unencrypted message?

Is it difficult to determine the password for an encryption if you are given both the encrypted and unencrypted message?


Is it difficult to determine the password for an encryption if you are given both the encrypted and unencrypted message?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 05:33 AM PDT

By "difficult" I mean requiring an inordinate amount of computation. If given both an encrypted and unencrypted file/message, is it reasonable to be able to recover the password that was used to encrypt the file/message?

submitted by /u/XiAxis
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Do any of the Perseids actually "land"?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 07:00 PM PDT

Does the presence of heavy elements in the Earth indicate we are made from a remnants of a former supernova? Was it part of the Milky Way? Do we know anything about its nature, stellar environment, or even when it occurred?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 07:30 PM PDT

Why do train overhead catenaries use pulleys for tension?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 04:17 AM PDT

Why is a multiple pulley system like in this picture necessary? Why not have weights directly connected to the wire with only one pulley?

submitted by /u/Gamatan
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The Nand Game (nandgame.com) shows how all logic gates can be built out of NAND gates. Can this be done with any logic gate as a starting point, and if not, what makes NAND (and any other gates with which it's possible, if any) special?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 07:31 PM PDT

What is the life expectancy of a modern high rise building?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 04:42 PM PDT

For a modern or not so modern skyscraper (i.e. Empire State), what is the forecasted due date? I mean, I guess they build and design them with some kind of expected life time. Or are these buildings able to stand up forever as long as they are properly maintained? I am talking about the structural integrity mainly, not so much about all the installations inside.

I work with aircrafts and we frequently joke that an aircraft can fly forever if properly maintained (see B52s and many of the war birds from WW2 and earlier still flying). But... Can the structure of a building be "maintained"?

submitted by /u/Kkbelos
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Why do some drugs and medications (even in generic form) come in specific shapes, like diamonds, squares and circles?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 07:06 PM PDT

How does CAR-T cell therapy work?

Posted: 14 Aug 2018 04:25 AM PDT

I've heard good things about the response to CAR-T cell therapy, but fail to grasp exactly how it works.

I'm aware there is a Wikipedia article on this, but it seems I'm missing some prerequisite knowledge to fully 'get it'.

Reading suggestions also welcome (I have no background in neurology, medicine, oncology).

submitted by /u/WTFWaffles
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Is there a type of 3-Phase power where the phases are offset 90 degrees?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 08:32 PM PDT

I have a book that briefly goes over electrical theory and 3-phase power. It shows a sine wave graph with the phases offset 90 degrees (which would leave one 180 degree gap). The paragraph describing this alignment doesn't seem to follow either. I know normally it's 120 degrees apart, but I just wanted to make sure this isn't some special kind of 3-phase. Thanks for the help

submitted by /u/asdfgdhtns
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What exactly is a Laplace Transform?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 01:00 PM PDT

I am pretty much done differential equations and I know how to do them, but I don't quite understand what they are.

I know the derivative of a function is the rate of change at any given point, and the integral of a function is the area under the curve, but what is the Laplace Transform of a function?

submitted by /u/SolShadows
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Medicine Can somebody explain to me why viruses aren't considered living cells?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 03:42 PM PDT

My knowledge is little about the general structure of viruses but upon research I've come across many debates on whether viruses are or are not living cells. Would anybody be able to clarify this for me?

submitted by /u/guest700
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How does an inductive transmitter clamp work? Like one used in pipe locating.

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 09:49 PM PDT

These are circular attachments that go over pipes to energize them for utility line locating. I can't seem to find any graphics of the magnetic field lines or schematics of the inside or anything like that.

Is it an iron or metal ring that has part of it wrapped in copper wire with a current ran through it? Really I am trying to build one myself but can't find out what it's made of and they aren't cheap.

submitted by /u/MarkjoinGwar
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How do we know that the Earth is as old as it is?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 03:27 PM PDT

I understand there are many methods of testing radioactive elements in rock, and that the rate of decay can be used to measure how long those elements have been in those rocks, thus telling us approximately when the rock was formed.

I also understand that rock, specifically sedimentary rock, forms in layers. rock at the bottom of the Grand Canyon was there before the rock at the top of it; it's impossible to be otherwise.

So, we just need to dig a hole as far down as we can and measure that rock, right? Well... once we get to a certain point, it's not the same rock anymore. It either changes into a metamorphic rock, or gets down far enough to melt into magma and then perhaps become igneous rock through some other process.

This means, in my mind, there must be a limit to how deep we can go before we run out of rocks we can reliably test. Either this is true, and there is some method of testing I don't understand, or I don't understand the rock cycle. Either way, please teach me!

submitted by /u/Dessum
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Is it much harder to synthesize the 119 element than the 118, just because its a new period? If yes, why?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 02:28 PM PDT

Ive heard about the hypothetical new orbitals that the 8th period and so on would have, but Id like to know how hard is it to actually create it using the methods we have used for the 115-118 elements?

submitted by /u/Pauliusvaliuke
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How do plants "ingest" water, nutrients and minerals?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 03:44 PM PDT

What is the role of the ridges (rugae) on the roof of your mouth?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 06:36 AM PDT

Why do we make calculations regarding radioactive decay in base e instead of base 1/2?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 03:55 PM PDT

The equations in base 0.5 seems so much more straightforward: N0 = Nt (0.5)t/h Instead of in the base e where lambda have to be introduced as L = ln2/h And then plugged into the equation: N0 = Nt (e)-Lt

submitted by /u/Y-Woo
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Why can’t you use petrol in a Diesel engine?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 01:55 PM PDT

What about the molecular shape and size make this impossible? Or am I completely off about it being that?

submitted by /u/rconnolly46
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How can misfolded proteins cause other proteins to misfold too?

Posted: 13 Aug 2018 01:01 AM PDT