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Monday, August 6, 2018

Are larger planets/stars more "rare" than smaller ones?

Are larger planets/stars more "rare" than smaller ones?

Are larger planets/stars more "rare" than smaller ones?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 09:47 PM PDT

I'm wondering if there is an average size of all the stars/planets in the universe. Are there more smaller ones than larger ones / are larger ones more rare?

submitted by /u/regarizer
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Why does it appear most craters on the moon are fairly true circles?

Posted: 06 Aug 2018 06:29 AM PDT

I was looking at a video of the moon and noticed that all the craters I could make out appeared to be nearly perfect circles. I would think that an object striking the moon at an angle would form a less perfectly circular crater than a direct hit. If the moon's gravitational pull isn't very large, and it has no atmosphere to slow objects down, why does it appear that most impacts come at a very high angle?

submitted by /u/Jeciron
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Why makes Euclid's Postulate 5 so difficult to prove?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 08:12 PM PDT

As I understand it the 5th postulate states that 2 lines of sufficient length whose sum of interior angles are less than than 180 degrees will cross at some point.

I'm not really a math person but I'm curious why this so difficult to prove?

submitted by /u/lulz85
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Why is anger a symptom of hyperglycemia?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 07:08 PM PDT

What is special about high blood sugar that causes an emotional response like anger?

submitted by /u/onegregwiley
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Do batteries change in mass at all when charged?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 10:52 PM PDT

If the corpus callosum is severed in individuals can half the brain sleep while the other half remains active/awake?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 05:05 PM PDT

Do insects sweat or show any other type of physical signs to excessive heat?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 11:01 AM PDT

Why do rivers not have sandy beaches, but some ponds and lakes do?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 07:43 PM PDT

Do worker bees have genitals?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 12:45 PM PDT

Do worker bees have genitals? I know that worker bees are all "females" in the sense they have two sets of chromosomes and are sisters of the queen, but do they actually have any vestigal reproductive organs?

submitted by /u/pythonidae_love
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[GEOLOGY] How can you tell apart green chrysocolla from malachite?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 07:30 PM PDT

There is hardly any info about it online.

Both minerals can have varieties in the same hue.

submitted by /u/biopudin
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Biochemically, what happens to insulin after binding with a receptor?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 05:11 PM PDT

I'm learning about insulin resistance and I'm curious what happens to insulin after it binds with a receptor. Is it metabolized so that the receptor can bind again? Does the binding prevent the receptor from being used, like a one time activation? Does the receptor release the insulin which is then free to rebind or be filtered by the liver?

submitted by /u/stant0n
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How long did dinosaurs live?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 08:53 AM PDT

Why does laser engraving make sound?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 03:25 PM PDT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4OV2UofPFg

My only guess is that the laser is making the metal vibrate as it engraves it, but how does the frequency change?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why is the oil we drill out of the ground black but the gasoline we put in our cars clear?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 09:58 AM PDT

I know that ground oil is processed before getting turned into the type of gasoline that powers cars but what changes the color change from black to clear?

submitted by /u/AvailableWrongdoer
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Other than North America, do tornadoes happen elsewhere in the world?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 10:40 AM PDT

In terms of physics, electronic screens have major differences from natural sights (refresh rates, frequency. etc.). What about natural sound vs. artificial sound from loudspeakers? How are they different from each other in terms of physics?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 05:55 AM PDT
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Sunday, August 5, 2018

AskScience Panel of Scientists XIX

AskScience Panel of Scientists XIX

AskScience Panel of Scientists XIX

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 05:56 PM PDT

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!

You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.

Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.

Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4.

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Vaginas contain lactobacillus, which are needed for healthy digestion. Do we know if performing oral sex in one can have health beneficts?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 11:11 AM PDT

Sorry for the stupid question, but I couldn't get this out of my head. Also, sorry for the maybe weird phrasing of the question, English isn't my first language

submitted by /u/UndercoverDoll49
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Is there a critical mass for a body of water to experience tides? If so, what is it?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 10:13 AM PDT

How is meth different from ADHD meds?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 05:35 AM PDT

You know, other than the obvious, like how meth is made on the streets. I am just curious to know if it is basically the same as, lets say, adderal. But is more damaging because of how it is taken, or is meth different somehow?

submitted by /u/Psychocrates
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How fast can a white blood cell travel?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 07:56 AM PDT

Since white blood cells are transmigratory (or something like that), meaning that they can travel through the walls of blood vessels. So, in theory, if I pull some Magic School Bus shenanigans and shrink down, how fast would it seem to be?

submitted by /u/DIO_DA
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How often do ice ages occur? Are we due one?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 02:35 AM PDT

I'm just watching Ice age with my kid and it prompted this thought, just curious.

submitted by /u/jimbluenosecrab
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would an EMP wipe out usb thumb drives and other storage devices, or does it have more of an effect on processor circuitry?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 04:10 PM PDT

Why do neutrons decay with predictable regularity?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 02:46 AM PDT

For example with carbon dating, or any unstable isotope. What causes neutron decay at a regular, predictable pattern instead of being released all at once?

submitted by /u/SalemStarburn
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Does the universe have a non-zero angular momentum?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 01:50 PM PDT

Does the universe spin? Is this a question which even makes sense? Do we even know / have any way to ever find out?

submitted by /u/Cebo494
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How do wildfires start "spontaneously", when the flashpoint of wood is over 400 C?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 04:21 PM PDT

I saw a news report about the heatwave in Spain, which said that several wildfires have started due to the high temperatures. I can understand why hot days and dry weather would exacerbate a fire once it has started, but I don't see how the fires started in the first place, unless they were all started by cigarettes or campfires.

submitted by /u/Pesto_Power
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Why does Iodine have a lower melting point then Sodium iodide ?

Posted: 05 Aug 2018 03:17 AM PDT

What do mosquitoes contribute to the environment?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 03:54 PM PDT

Do the physical properties of ice change at different temperatures?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 11:40 PM PDT

Does ice change at all at different temperatures (below 0°c obviously), for example does it become in any way harder the colder it is?

submitted by /u/pawwwly
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What would the MPG equivalence of a human on a bicycle be?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 04:52 PM PDT

Why was earth warmer in the past, even if the CO2 PPM was the same?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 02:12 PM PDT

In the Pliocene, CO2 PPM was at modern levels (400 PPM), however it is estimated that it was 3 - 4 degrees warmer than today.

Why?

Does this mean as well that such degrees are already locked in?

submitted by /u/Farade
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Is there a table listing all known atomic/molecular line frequencies?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 09:42 AM PDT

I am simply curious about finding various types of energy levels (e.g. rotational, vibrational, hyperfine) that can emit photons, for example, from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. All the information I want is: frequency, atom/molecule, initial state, and final state. Is there such a database that easily provides this information?

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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Is there a way to quantify climate damaging gases?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 10:29 AM PDT

For example: "1kg of Methane will heat the Earth up by 0.00005 degrees Celsius over 100 years"

submitted by /u/MrLamebro1
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What causes, “high” and “low” tide?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 07:35 PM PDT

Is it true that one identical twin is basically a 'copy' of the other twin?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 09:31 AM PDT

As an identical twin myself I actually don't know.

Identical twins come from the same zygote, meaning there was one zygote at first.

Now is my question basically: is it so that one twin formed out of that 'original' zygote, and copied the other twin? If so, could science possibly determine which twin is the 'original' and which twin is the 'copy'?

Or is it so that both twins were basically half part of that original zygote and separated because it duplicated? Or what happened really? Internet research didn't really give me an answer to this question.

submitted by /u/augusts99
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Saturday, August 4, 2018

How far do you have to go beneath the ocean floor before the earth becomes dry again?

How far do you have to go beneath the ocean floor before the earth becomes dry again?

How far do you have to go beneath the ocean floor before the earth becomes dry again?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 01:36 PM PDT

If you dig deep enough through the ocean floor, assuming no water backfills your hole, how far until you reach dry crust again?

Edit: clarification - how far down does the ocean saturate the earths crust.

submitted by /u/The_Nightman_82
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How did astronomers determine the mass of the rogue planet SIMP J01365663+0933473 if it’s not orbiting a star and has no known natural satellites?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 08:00 AM PDT

I heard about this planet yesterday from this post over at /r/space and haven't got an answer yet

https://www.reddit.com/r/space/comments/94dfoe/astronomers_discover_a_bizarre_rogue_planet/

According to the post / article, the free-range planet is said to be 13 times the mass of Jupiter but does not orbit a star and no moons have been found yet.

If this is the case, how could have astronomers determined its mass without looking at its gravitational effects on other bodies?

submitted by /u/ganymede94
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How does a herbivorous digestive system differ from a carnivorous one?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 05:47 AM PDT

Does artificial gravity require lots of energy to maintain rotation?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 06:54 AM PDT

If there is a donut shaped room rotating at constant speed (along the axis through the center of donut), and two people standing at the opposite side of the room (heads facing center of donut of course), can the system theoretically spin at this rate without major loss in kinetic energy, just like how the earth is spinning? If so, would the two people be able to feel constant gravity for a very long time, making artificial gravity an extremely maintainable phenomenon? Yet it seems very hard and energy-consuming to implement in practice.

submitted by /u/TommyX12
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Why are photons considered to be massless if mass is just "pent up energy"? Shouldn't photons simply have a very small mass related to the amount of energy they contain?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 08:08 AM PDT

Followup question: Would it theoretically be possible to slow a photon enough to measure its restmass or fire a knowable number of photons at a measurement device?

submitted by /u/rsiii
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What happens when our stomachs grumble?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 05:33 PM PDT

I'm sitting at home and my gut is trying it's best whale impersonation and it got me thinking, what exactly is happening?

submitted by /u/ndyng
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Lone pairs affect the angles of molecules, can they affect the strength of a bond?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 03:49 AM PDT

Lone pairs affect the angles of molecules, can they affect the strength of a bond? Besides repulsion, how else do they affect bonds between atoms? If some one could please help, thanks.

Zackhie

submitted by /u/Zackhie
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When were sonic booms first discovered?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 03:30 PM PDT

Were they discovered as the technology allowed aircrafts to travel faster than the speed of sound, thus creating the phenomena? Or were they theorized before technological capabilities allowed them fly at such speeds?

submitted by /u/cameronduke98
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Why does wave diffraction happen?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 03:23 AM PDT

I know that wave diffraction happens when a wave length is close to the size of the opening through which the waves passes. Only I've been wondering why the waves bend due to a small gap. The only thing I can find about diffraction is that it has to do with the relative size of the opening with the wavelength, but why makes said opening bend a wave? Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Swarley______
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Are the isotope composition of a person of 1940, 1970 and 2018 different?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 10:21 PM PDT

Are any differences easy to detect? Would differences be dependent on where each person grew up, say near nuclear testing sites?

submitted by /u/fasda
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When someone has some kind of head trauma what is it about keeping them awake that can keep them alive; and vice versa?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 11:56 PM PDT

Are terrastrial and marine food chains disconnected? If they are connected, how and to what degree?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 02:22 PM PDT

Does plankton end up in a cow living on a farm on a macroscopic scale? How about a terrastrial apex predator living hundreds, if not thousands of miles away from the closesr ocean? Is bottom of their food chain in the ocean? Is there research about this topic?

I can not imagine them being disconnected, and I would really like to know how e.g. nutrients and vitamins end up from the ocean to our food plate (in form of terrastrial plants or meat).

submitted by /u/kappale
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Why do non-Newtonian liquids behave differently than regular liquids?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 05:26 AM PDT

The number 8 in Einstein's General Relativity Field Equation feels arbitrary. Why 8?

Posted: 04 Aug 2018 01:26 AM PDT

![EFE](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dc8476392d219aea5dbed160b57296570ae4286)

I watched a couple of YouTube videos explaining the left and right side of the equations, but they don't touch on the number 8.

Also there's a number 4. Why is C to the power of 4?

submitted by /u/AenTan
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Why doesn’t California cloud seed more to help with dryness during the summer?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 04:59 PM PDT

I know cloud seeding is used sometimes, but the research I've found says they mostly seed during the winter to help with snowfall. Why don't they cloud seed more during the spring? Is it just too dry to cloud seed?

submitted by /u/usgator088
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Have we seen any evolution in nature due to the impact made by humans?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 04:25 PM PDT

Why can't we precisely compute orbits?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 06:31 PM PDT

I know some of it is due to relativistic effects, but what natural forces/processes lead to the uncertainty?

submitted by /u/nordee
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Why are Geothermal Power Stations location-dependent when the Earth gets hotter as you go deeper no matter where you are?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 04:46 PM PDT

Could you orbit mirrors around the sun to make a laser to launch probes at nearby stars for fly through missions?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 06:24 PM PDT

So, could you orbit a series of massive mirrors in the suns upper atmosphere to redirect, focus, and pump a beam? Then just fire the bastard at a target until it hit Plutos orbital neighborhood. Enough power and a light enough target could get you to a decent percentage of c before beam coherence became a limiting factor in accelerating - but ought to have enough oomph to power your probes.

submitted by /u/throwaway9903123a
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Why is angular momentum conserved? Yes I know about Newton's laws regarding momentum, but why not just linear momentum?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 10:03 PM PDT

I've thought about this for a while. We all know the Earth keeps spinning because there is nothing to stop it, but if it is spinning, then any orientation on the Earth is changing direction constantly which to my small mind is a contradiction of the first law of motion. The next thing I thought of is centripetal force. If you spin a ball on a string your arm has to try hard to pull it inward. But I haven't found an answer that is satisfactory for me. Help!

submitted by /u/UThMaxx42
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Why does locked knees cause fainting?

Posted: 03 Aug 2018 04:05 PM PDT

When people stand in one place for a long time they are told to not lock their knees to prevent fainting. What do knees have to do with consciousness?

submitted by /u/IndigestibleSociable
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