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Sunday, July 15, 2018

How do engineers plan for thermal expansion when laying traintracks in deserts where the daytime and nighttime temperatures are vastly different?

How do engineers plan for thermal expansion when laying traintracks in deserts where the daytime and nighttime temperatures are vastly different?


How do engineers plan for thermal expansion when laying traintracks in deserts where the daytime and nighttime temperatures are vastly different?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 04:20 PM PDT

Do the lattice constants of NaCl and KCl change when water is added, if so do these changes remain when the water is removed or do the lattice constants return to their original lengths?

Posted: 15 Jul 2018 06:29 AM PDT

Does the water-temperature affect the effectiveness of how a water-surfactant solution binds to hydrophobic material?

Posted: 15 Jul 2018 04:30 AM PDT

Title.

All answers appreciated!

submitted by /u/Painaple
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Why do computer monitors change colors when the VGA cable is loose?

Posted: 15 Jul 2018 04:01 AM PDT

I've noticed when the VGA cable is about to fall out the monitors starts displaying everything pink or yellow or shows lines. Why?

submitted by /u/MexicanZorro
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What's this "Steering Ratio" on Tanks?

Posted: 15 Jul 2018 06:54 AM PDT

No, not a steering ratio on cars, only on tanks with tracks.

The thing about Steering Ratio on tanks is that there's a narrow range of ratio of the distance between the two side of the track, and the length the track that have a contact to the ground. Tanks that are too wide or too long will have a higher tendency to break their track than tanks that are following this ratio.

This guy talks about it at one point in his video (https://youtu.be/KfgifHh5R4Y?t=19m8s) and I would like to know what's the exact ratio for this "steering ratio" tank.

PS. If this is a wrong subreddit, please direct me to a correct one.

submitted by /u/Akyer_Besiege
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How do different objects in the field of view get "routed" to the area of the brain that can process them?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 10:10 PM PDT

My understanding is that certain areas of the brain specialize in processing different types of objects, like faces. So if a person is looking at say two different faces and many other objects, how do the regions of visual input containing faces get sent to the appropriate area of the brain? Or does every brain region constantly scan the entire input for the thing it specializes in, like a convolutional neural network?

submitted by /u/PlentifulCoast
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How effective is carbon capture currently?

Posted: 15 Jul 2018 07:07 AM PDT

So, I'm a politics student and IIRC, I read that people and politicians aren't as green (ecologically) because they have faith that carbon capture will become effective enough to reverse or at least slow the effects of man-made climate change. So, are we close to an effective system that can achieve that?

submitted by /u/HenriGP
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Why do so many experiments studying the effects of a substance use rats?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 09:05 PM PDT

For example:

X substance tested on rats showed the rats died/lived/experienced some sort of symptom.

Why are rats to popular in studies? Is there some sort of correlation in the way rats experience things that is similar to the way humans do?

submitted by /u/flamesfan99
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Do SSDs need to be overwritten for safe file deletion?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 01:37 PM PDT

How do temporary autoimmune responses cause permanent damage?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 04:13 PM PDT

Say, nerve damage, if specificity helps. If the immune system temporarily attacks myelin, why would the damage be permanent? Myelin doesn't heal quickly, but it does heal. And if the immune system can attack the non-regenerating axons, why? There would seem to be a lot of evolutionary pressure against that. (I mean, things don't get selected out overnight, but immune and nervous systems as we know them are both pretty damn old, aren't they?) Thanks!

submitted by /u/T2QTIW31hmtGbNsq
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If we don't know the limit of the observable universe how are we able to see the Cosmic Microwave Background and early glimpses of the universe?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 07:47 PM PDT

Wouldn't neutrinos have near infinite mass according to Special Relativity rules?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 10:42 PM PDT

So research shows that neutrinos have some small mass and they're traveling at speeds approaching the speed of light. The equation for mass dilation says the mass of an object equals m / sqrt(1 - v^2 / c^2), where m is its mass at rest. Therefore, since neutrinos have some mass and a speed close to or equal to c, wouldn't they have a huge mass?

submitted by /u/_golden_goat
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Does the Big Bang Theory, with everything starting from a point, violate Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 08:19 PM PDT

How does one "shoot" alpha particles at something?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 01:58 PM PDT

I was in chem the other day and we were talking about rutherford's famous experiment and how he shot alpha particles at gold foil. I know what alpha particles are but . . . how do you shoot them?

submitted by /u/s_buttars
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Can an Imago retain any memories of things that happened to it as a Larva?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 04:10 PM PDT

Was originally thinking of Caterpillars and Moths when I wrote this, but in general, grubs/beetles, anything.

submitted by /u/Bcadren
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Neutrinos are fermions; technically they can't occupy the same space; so what happens?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 09:50 AM PDT

Neutrinos are fermions; technically they can't occupy the same space, and thus could (however improbably) collide.

So what happens? What force / exchange particle modulates such a collision?

submitted by /u/recipriversexcluson
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If all different types of waves on the electromagnetic spectrum are just higher frequencies, why can't we make a 'box' to produce all of them?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 03:32 PM PDT

I was reading through Feynman's Six Easy Pieces, and he talks about waving a piece of paper fast enough to produce different types of waves. I know that it's an illustration and not reality, but it got me wondering: Would it be possible to make a box with a dial on the front and a little oscillator inside that vibrates faster and faster to produce different waves depending on the selection?

submitted by /u/thepuppet33r
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Does the moon have volcanic eruptions?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 03:29 PM PDT

Im currently watching a science channel show about the moon, then got thinking about plate tectonics. So does the moon have earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

submitted by /u/lastlvllastlife
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What would happen to Sun-equivalent masses consisting purely of a single element, for various other elements?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 11:46 AM PDT

Why can't fermions share quantum states, but bosons can?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 11:50 AM PDT

So it's my understanding that fermions can't share quantum states and when the become close to doing so, they will interact and "collide". So what property about bosons, allows them to not collide? Also, does this extend to multiparticle bosons, such as mesons or alpha particles?

submitted by /u/sbcloatitr
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Saturday, July 14, 2018

Are there stars so hot they would appear black to the human eye?

Are there stars so hot they would appear black to the human eye?


Are there stars so hot they would appear black to the human eye?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 01:36 PM PDT

Since stars are almost blackbodies, are there known stars so hot that their blackbody radiation completely falls into the UV wavelenghts so they emit no visible light at all?

And if there aren't, would they be theoretically possible?

submitted by /u/Authwarth
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Why does an atom need a neutron?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 10:28 AM PDT

It has no energy, why?

submitted by /u/ClarkVv
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If rapidly cooling a metal increases its hardness, does the speed at which it's cooled always affect the end result (in terms of hardness)?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 07:13 AM PDT

I was reading about how a vacuum furnace works and the wiki page talked about how the main purpose is to keep out oxygen to prevent oxidation.... one point talked about using argon in situations where the metal needs to be rapidly cooled for hardness.

It made me wonder: does cooling a melted metal faster than the "normal" rate give it a higher hardness? For example, if I melted steel in a vacuum furnace, and then flooded the space with extremely cold argon (still a gas, let's say -295 degrees F), would that change the properties of the metal as compared to doing the exact same thing but using argon at room temp?

submitted by /u/Elbynerual
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Would a person with higher blood pressure bleed out faster than a person with lower blood pressure?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 03:13 AM PDT

Why is desert sand more fine compared to beach sand?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 11:11 PM PDT

Does the rotation of the Earth effect the movement of plates?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 10:36 PM PDT

Might be a stupid question, but recently I've been wondering about a scenario where the earth spins backwards. The Coriolis effect effects the air and ocean currents, but does it effect the mantle currents? If there was an alternate earth that spun in a different way from ours, would its continents look different at all?

submitted by /u/foggy__
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ISS Radiation shielding which perform better Polyethylene, Kevlar, Plastic or water?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 06:12 AM PDT

Do pirhanas have pstrong redatory responses even without the presence of blood in their water?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 06:05 AM PDT

I know, like sharks, pirhanas are really good at detecting the presence of blood in their water, and react very strongly to it, but let's say I want to cross a river which has pirhanas in it, will they attack me if I have no cuts/any « blood leak » anywhere on my body? I guess they will, but at what point? Also, sorry for any wrong phrases in the title, it sounds wrong but I couldn't word it better

submitted by /u/SmallerButton
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Is blue flame hotter than red/yellow flame?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 09:10 PM PDT

I understand that blue light is higher energy than red light because it has higher frequency, E = hf. But in a wood fire, the flame is color red/yellow. But a gas lighter is bluish color near source and reddish/yellow near the end of flame. Does the color of flame depend only on Material in combustion? Or does actual color show which flame is hotter. For example, if you where shown three fires, one with red, one with yellow and one with blue flame, which one would you rather not touch? Sorry bad example, thanks in advance.

Edit: But isnt heat just infrared radiation? So color shouldnt matter?

submitted by /u/reznik99
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How do know so much about dinosaurs’ diets?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 09:02 PM PDT

With a bunch of bones we have found out quite a bit. How do we know the things they ate?

submitted by /u/claudedeyarmond
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What exactly does diesel do when spilled on asphalt?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 09:20 PM PDT

So I work at a marina and recently somebody spilled diesel in one of the storage warehouses. They didn't bother cleaning it up and it sat in puddles for about 24 hours. When it was finally noticed and mopped up, the asphalt underneath the puddles was soft. Now we have to shovel out the soft asphalt and dispose of it in a safe manner since I assume its soaked in diesel. My question is why did the diesel liquify the asphalt?

submitted by /u/Equinox9876
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How early does the brain start to flip images we see right side up?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 04:17 AM PDT

Most diagrams of the eye, like this one, will show the image getting flipped after passing through the lens of your eye. This is rectified by the brain flipping what you see right side up when being processed. Do we know how early on in a persons life this process begins?

submitted by /u/Kherda0
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What's the difference between a panic attack and a nervous breakdown?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 12:09 AM PDT

Was told to try posting this here, already got pretty sufficient answers from r/askreddit

submitted by /u/sewagedump
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What is the phase composition of water when heated isobarically through the triple point? (state function)

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 09:34 PM PDT

The triple point is the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor may exist in equilibrium with one another. However, at this pressure and temperature there are still infinite values of specific enthalpy for this 3-phase mixture, because it requires heat to melt/vaporize the components.

If we are heating ice at 611.2 Pa, then we can define the enthalpy of pure ice at 611.2 Pa and 273.16 K to be some value H. If we add heat until it is completely vapor, then the pressure will still be 611.2 Pa and the temperature will be 273.16 K, but the enthalpy will be some value H + ΔH.

At any given enthalpy between H and H + ΔH, there will be 3 phases in equilibrium - solid, liquid, and vapor. I'd like to figure out the composition (i.e. %solid, %liquid, %vapor) as a function of enthalpy between these two values and I'm very much struggling with this. Does anybody have insight into this?

I'm presuming that at first, ~100% of the added heat goes into melting the solid and as the amount of solid approaches zero, ~100% of the added heat goes into vaporizing the liquid. What happens in the middle is much more complicated. I made a graph of what I think it would look like, but this definitely isn't a state function by any means. If somebody could give me an equation or an article about this, I'd be super grateful. Thanks!

https://imgur.com/GYEM8vE

To add clarity, it would be equivalent to calculating composition as you move left-to-right on the triple point line of this plot:

https://imgur.com/NSDd7cB

submitted by /u/GahdDangitBobby
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Why is the H/H blood group more common in India compared to the rest of the world?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 11:14 PM PDT

I read on wikipedia that the percentage of people with the Bombay blood type is 0.0004% and in India it is about 0.01%.

submitted by /u/shaktimaanlannister
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Chernobyl safetiness today. Are there any studies?

Posted: 14 Jul 2018 02:49 AM PDT

Hey guys,

I was wondering if there are any studies about safetiness of Chernobyl today.

submitted by /u/gamnog
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Will a piece of metal rust faster when water is running over it, or with water resting on it?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 02:43 PM PDT

Assuming no edge effects where the water, metal, and air meet, would metal fully submerged in water rust faster in a water current or in stagnant water? Thanks!

submitted by /u/RupsterDupster
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Do humans have symbiotic gut amoebas?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 09:19 PM PDT

We have a vast gut microbiome with beneficial gut bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Are there any non parasitic amoebas in the gut and help us? Are there any other organisms that also live in our guts and help us like nematodes?

submitted by /u/Jaloss
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Can you layer sun protection products and is their SP factor cumulative?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 11:15 PM PDT

Friday, July 13, 2018

What are the actual negative effects of Japan’s 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster today?

What are the actual negative effects of Japan’s 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster today?


What are the actual negative effects of Japan’s 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster today?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 06:28 PM PDT

I'm hearing that Japan is in danger a lot more serious than Chernobyl, it is expanding, getting worse, and that the government is silencing the truth about these and blinding the world and even their own people due to political and economical reasonings. Am I to believe that the government is really pushing campaigns for Fukushima to encourage other Japanese residents and the world to consume Fukushima products?

However, I'm also hearing that these are all just conspiracy theory and since it's already been 7 years since the incident, as long as people don't travel within the gates of nuclear plants, there isn't much inherent danger and threat against the tourists and even the residents. Am I to believe that there is no more radiation flowing or expanding and that less than 0.0001% of the world population is in minor danger?

Are there any Anthropologist, Radiologist, Nutritionist, Geologist, or Environmentalists alike who does not live in or near Japan who can confirm the negative effects of the radiation expansion of Japan and its product distribution around the world?

submitted by /u/PinkAnigav
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Why does Death Valley get so hot relative to other places at the same latitude? I'd expect the hottest recorded temperature to be close to the equator but DV is nowhere near the equator. What causes the extreme heat there but not in other places?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 01:51 AM PDT

Why do we use the Joule-Thomson Effect for refrigeration?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 06:53 AM PDT

Putting compressed gas through a nozzle to let it expand and cool (Joule-Thomson Effect, as used in every fridge and air conditioner) seems inefficient for cooling. Why don't we instead take the same volume, pressure and temperature compressed gas and make it do work by putting it through a turbine?

Even if the energy from doing the work were entirely wasted, the resulting gas would be significantly colder, and therefore better for refrigeration.

In reality, we could also use the energy from the turbine, potentially gearing it to the compressor to reduce electricity usage.

EDIT: It seems what I'm describing is a turboexpander. Wikipedia reports them as more efficient than regular throttling nozzles, so I guess my question becomes "Why doesn't everyone do this if they're more efficient?".

submitted by /u/londons_explorer
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How does the photon emission of a solar cell benefit the efficiency?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 03:40 AM PDT

Counterintuitive as it sounds, the better a solar cell is at emitting photons, the higher its voltage and the greater its efficiency. But how does this contribution to the efficiency work?

The issue is adressed in this article for example

https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/04/solar-cells-must-emit-light-to-attain-perfection-research-suggests/

submitted by /u/Lulleauxx
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How is the Telescope Hubble able to have an exposure of one week if earth rotates?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 03:42 AM PDT

My guess would be, it waits for the earth to move for 24h but it keeps moving and its also rotating around the sun. Is it just calculated that exacly?

submitted by /u/Corey1845
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Does glass absorb odors?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 07:05 AM PDT

For a superconductor of a certain size, is there a limit to how much current can run through it?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 07:06 AM PDT

My thoughts are that with normal(copper, aluminum) conductors, the main current limits come from resistance in the conductor causing the conductor to heat up when too much current is passed through it. If the conductor had no resistance, however, what would that limit be, if there was one?

submitted by /u/froggison
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Why do certain vaccines contain elements like Mercury?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 10:38 PM PDT

This is probably an incredibly stupid question, and I apologize.

I've been told that vaccines contain mercury. I've accepted the explanation that even though mercury in it's pure form is toxic, when in compound form it can be helpful.

My question is, don't vaccines contain a weakened form of a germ? What is mercury doing in vaccines?

submitted by /u/minnoo16
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Why is the sun so much more intense midday than in the morning or evening?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 05:39 AM PDT

It's so much easier to get sunburned in the early afternoon compared to the morning and evening, and the sun can be felt to be much more intense.

submitted by /u/Totallynotatimelord
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What star has the largest sphere of influence as seen from Earth?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 04:08 PM PDT

Obviously Im excluding the sun in this question, but Im curious what star or binary stars sphere of influence has the greatest angular diameter as seen from Earth and how big is it compared to the Moons angular diameter? I am also curious as to how big the Moons sphere of influence appears from Earth?

submitted by /u/RelaxtJosh
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How does an Atom Interferometer Work??

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 04:09 AM PDT

I understand how an atomic clock works. What I really don't understand is why atom interferometers require two arms. Couldn't you just use a single arm? As atom interferometers work like an atomic clock, which produces a stable fringe with a single beam, I don't see the need for a second beam path. And what even is being interfered exactly?

submitted by /u/cr0pcircles
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If a blue hypergiant 15,000,000x brighter than the Sun appeared within 0.1 light year, how bright would it seem? What impact would it have on Earth?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 12:19 PM PDT

ok ,how large it in the sky,how interesting of it in science?

submitted by /u/emperorcrow
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Why do most lower-altitude clouds seem to have flat bottoms?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 02:57 PM PDT

Is dry subduction (no ocean above) possible?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 02:10 PM PDT

Do stationary electrons generate a magnetic field?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 07:44 PM PDT

So, moving electrons (i.e. an electric current) generate a magnetic field, yeah?

But that implies that stationary electrons have no magnetic field, which isn't true, because their spin gives them little magnetic fields, doesn't it?

With electromagnets, rather than having an electric current going through them, couldn't we just have a bunch of stationary electrons, since they're like little magnets?

Why do moving electrons generate a magnetic field in the first place?

And why does their spin give them a magnetic field? I know it's not literal a spin like a spinning top. What exactly is it?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/potatomar
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What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics actually saying?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 04:46 PM PDT

"The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other."*

What exactly does that mean? I read it as basically if Body 1 is X degrees and Body 2 is X degrees, than some third body is X degrees. I don't think I have that right, because that doesn't make sense. Can someone explain it to me?

submitted by /u/RichHomieJake
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In the movie Apollo 13, when the rocket is taking off it almost looks as if pieces are breaking off on launch. Is this real or just a movie effect?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 12:45 AM PDT

If you look closely you see a ton of debris falling. Just curious what this is.

submitted by /u/NasaFakedTheBigBang
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What is the most conclusive theory on the origin of the Nastapoka arc ?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 10:47 AM PDT

Will animals eventually evolve to have human-like intelligence?

Posted: 13 Jul 2018 12:08 AM PDT

If somehow I'm transported a couple hundred thousand years or even further into the future, could I see an Earth with multiple advanced species with language and culture? Or are there certain environmental pressures that'll pretty much ensure no other species will become as intelligent and advanced as humans?

Basically will my cat's descendants ever be able to talk to my descendants as if two modern humans are conversing?

submitted by /u/GrimTurtle666
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I it possible to continuously accelerate at the same rate (relative to an observer on the object) without reaching the speed of light?

Posted: 12 Jul 2018 12:07 PM PDT

Lets say that and object was accelerating at a constant rate, say 10m/s/s, and there was an observer on the object. Would it be possible for the object to appear to keep its constant acceleration from the perspective of the observer on the object but appear to have its acceleration slow down as it approached the speed of light from the perspective of an observer not on the object?

submitted by /u/Barry_Benson
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