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Monday, June 11, 2018

Why does hitting the top of a bottle of beer with another bottle of beer create that much froth?

Why does hitting the top of a bottle of beer with another bottle of beer create that much froth?


Why does hitting the top of a bottle of beer with another bottle of beer create that much froth?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 09:17 AM PDT

My toothpaste contains something called "liquid calcium". What is liquid calcium?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 03:24 AM PDT

From my limited chemistry knowledge, I think its pretty obvious that calcium does not exist as a liquid in standard conditions.

I'm guessing that its simply dissolved calcium, which I think is a good thing to have in toothpaste.

The sperg in me finds it perplexing that this toothpaste brand has "NEW FORMULA CONTAINS FLUORINE AND LIQUID CALCIUM" as the main selling point. I keep picturing some dude brushing his teeth with molten hot calcium.

Of course I could be wrong, just like science intended.

submitted by /u/APtema
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Do sea creatures (dolphins, fish, whales) see as well outside water as in it?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 10:33 PM PDT

And what about, for instance, baluga whales in tanks that can see people through the glass. How well are they seeing them?

submitted by /u/BeUnconventional
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When we talk about breathing, we only mention carbon dioxide and oxygen. What about all the other gases in the atmosphere?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 04:42 AM PDT

How often do our planets actually align?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 02:22 AM PDT

Is it possible to create an optical filter that polarizes a narrow band of frequencies, but lets the rest of the light bandwidth to pass through unchanged?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 12:01 AM PDT

When patients get blood transfusions, does the blood need to be warmed up to body temperature or can it just go in cold?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 05:24 PM PDT

I've seen on a lot of medical dramas (I know that they're not always accurate though) that blood bags are kept in coolers. But when the doctors put the blood into a patient, is it warmed up? If so, is there a specific tempature it needs to be at?

submitted by /u/ursamini
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Is overcharging a thing and how does it work?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 02:49 AM PDT

When it says charge this device for 2 hours. If I charge it for 6 will the battery life of the device shorten? If so how does this happen?

submitted by /u/Ryanatix
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Is it still possible to discover/create a new element?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 08:20 AM PDT

I know about the existence of nuclear transmutation and decay, and that those can transform an element into another, but is it possible to accidentally, or purposefully "create" a new element? Or is it possible that there are elements that we haven't discovered yet?

submitted by /u/LucasGod27
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when you get fat does your skin stretch or do you get more of it?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 11:18 PM PDT

What is the relationship between wave impedance and the characteristic impedance in, say, a coaxial line?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 06:35 PM PDT

I know that wave impedance is defined as the ratio of the transverse components of the E-field and the H-field.

I also know that the characteristic impedance of a coaxial line can be simplified as the square-root of the ratio of inductance (L) and capacitance (C). I know that inductance is related to the amount of energy stored in the magnetic field (H). I also know that capacitance is related to the amount of energy stored in the electric field (E). And I'm familiar with the circuit topology used to represent a transmission line.

I just can't help but wonder if there is more to these two relationships and that these two must be tied together in some intrinsic way, but I lack the intuition, energy, creativity, etc. to see what such a connection would be.

submitted by /u/EasterEggshells
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How are atomic bombs triggered?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 07:30 AM PDT

What is lab-grown meat fed with?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 01:13 AM PDT

Why does aluminum foil cool so quickly?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 06:35 PM PDT

How do we get so much information from gravitational waves?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 12:46 AM PDT

So one issue I am having trouble connecting about gravitational waves is how we get some much information from a seemingly simple (though incredibly precise) measurement. Let me explain how I think it works and you folks correct me as needed. For all I know, I'm way off.

My idea is that one big difficulty in astronomy is knowing where to point our telescopes to see the more fleeting events like supernovas and joining black holes and such. There is a lot of space and only so many massive telescopes, we can't watch everything all at once.

What LIGO is doing is telling us where to aim our telescopes using something similar to finding the epicenter of an earthquake. When the detectors get hit, we triangulate the measurements giving us a precise direction to look in. We aim our telescopes and BOOM! We see two black holes merging. Something we would have missed if we were just scouring the sky manually.

Not to mention, seeing the event proves that LIGO is working, because if it was a bad reading we would have looked and seen nothing out there.

So /r/askscience. How far off am I?

submitted by /u/sibre2001
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How do we know that ∫ exp(x^2) dx is unsolvable in terms of elementary functions?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 01:26 PM PDT

Why do doctors leave in the kidney during a kidney transplant?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 08:14 PM PDT

Where do seashells come from?

Posted: 11 Jun 2018 03:44 AM PDT

How do you determine how many electrons, protons, or neutrons an atom has?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 02:34 PM PDT

And I mean experimentally. Any info is appreciated.

submitted by /u/Unorthodo_x
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How Does Blowing Out a Flame Work?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 05:45 PM PDT

What's going on when an open flame, say, from a candle, gets blown out by wind or someone exhaling on it?

submitted by /u/BirdmanMBirdman
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Are solar panels in hotter places more efficient than solar panels in other, cooler temperatures?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 08:32 PM PDT

By hotter places, I mean surface level temperature and the temperature you see on the weather

Does it even make a difference ? If so by how much?

submitted by /u/Meer_is_peak
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How are electric fields generated inside a particle accelerator?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 04:53 PM PDT

I know that electric fields are required to strip the electron off of the hydrogen nuclei, but could no reference as to how these electric fields are generated.The searches kept feeding back to electromagnetic fields and static electric fields.

submitted by /u/62888881004
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Do parrots know they're speaking English or just making imitative noises?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 02:55 PM PDT

Why does hitting a bottle of soda or sugary drink that's been in the freezer for awhile make it automatically change from liquid to solid?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 03:29 PM PDT

Sunday, June 10, 2018

Why do sunburns seem to "radiate" heat?

Why do sunburns seem to "radiate" heat?


Why do sunburns seem to "radiate" heat?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 12:46 PM PDT

Why do pimples develop on the face far more than rest of the body?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 11:48 AM PDT

Why do my clothes feel “crunchy” after drying them on a clothesline?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 10:27 AM PDT

I'm American, and normally dry my clothes in a machine dryer and they always come out feeling soft, even if I don't use any fabric softener or dryer sheets. I'm on vacation in Italy and have had to dry my clothes outside on clotheslines in several places, but they always feel rough and crunchy once they're completely dry. What's the difference?

submitted by /u/brickwallwaterfall
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After the recent eruption in Hawaii, it is clear to see how it affects life on land. My question now is how does it affect life in the ocean? Does the water in contact with the lava super heat it, killing off any organisms living close by?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 11:31 AM PDT

Why do the electric and magnetic fields of a light wave peak and trough at the same time?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 02:09 AM PDT

I know simultaneously that the energy of a wave is constant, and is determined by E = hf. I also know that the energy in an electric field and magnetic field is proportional to E and B squared respectively. Hence, since the two perpendicular waves are in phase, there are points in space where they have no energy stored (since they're both zero) in the electric and magnetic field. Where, therefore, is this energy conserved? Is there an equation for the amount of energy stored instantaneously in the derivative-dependent parts of Faraday's law and the Ampere-Maxwell law?

submitted by /u/HellBriinger
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[Planetary Sciences] Why is it that sometimes lightnings have no sound? And why does this seem to happen only when there is no rain?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 03:17 PM PDT

I'm just watching some really cool 'dry lightning' storm out of my place right now. In the midst of the coolness of the show, I started thinking about this! Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/fuckwatergivemewine
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Do the tides affect the Earth's mantle? How much?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 02:33 AM PDT

Are there any theories on the relationship between gravitational forces and electromagnetic forces?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 01:19 AM PDT

These forces are considered fundamental (along with the strong and weak forces). Electromagnetism used to be thought of as 2 different forces, the electrical and magnetic, until they're relationship was discovered. Has their been any work done on finding if they're is a correlation with the electromagnetic and gravitational forces?

submitted by /u/sabi0
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Why are the states of matter distinct phases, rather than a gradient?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 11:19 AM PDT

From my understanding, the (main) states of matter depend on how much energy an atom has or how much it is moving around, so the atoms of something solid would be still or barely moving, the atoms of a liquid would be moving fairly quickly, and the atoms of a gas would be moving very quickly. Then, the state of matter changes based on temperature.

So, here's my question: Why does matter suddenly shift states at boiling and melting points instead of kind of just getting less and less solid, or more gaseous, etc?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/MARCVS-PORCIVS-CATO
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How does Cherenkov Radiation actually work?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 07:55 PM PDT

I understand it is a particle exceeding the speed of light in the medium it is travelling through (and not exceeding the hard constant c).

But I don't understand how it actually works.

Also given that c can be exceeded in a medium, why can't it be exceeded in a vacuum?

submitted by /u/Unrealparagon
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What would happen if a single atom slid down a slope?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 10:38 PM PDT

I'm trying to understand why gravity can be resolved into a vertical and horizontal component. Such as when a snowboarder goes down a hill. To me it seems that gravity is purely a downward force. So it seems like the horizontal force comes out of nowhere.

I understand that the horizontal force is some kind of reaction off the inclined plane. But if the object has no horizontal force to start with (because gravity is not horizontal), how can the plane produce a horizontal reaction force?

I suspect the answer is something to do with how atoms interact. But every explanation I find just hand-waves as to where the horizontal force actually comes from.

So what if there was just a single atom sliding down a perfect slope of atoms? How would a horizontal force be produced in this case?

submitted by /u/ten_mile_river
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What would the first living cells have been feeding on?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 12:00 PM PDT

Could they have survived on dirt and air?

submitted by /u/Wasting_my_time_FR
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What is the heaviest particle on baryons ?

Posted: 10 Jun 2018 02:02 AM PDT

There was no certain info about it on the web sites i searched. I only saw bottom omega is heavier than others but there was not too much on the list and if i know correctly there is around 300 of them :D

submitted by /u/kaancl3344
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Why do a lot of hobby rockets use sugar and potassium nitrate as fuel?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 03:21 PM PDT

Seems like every video I've seen uses a combination of sugar and potassium nitrate as fuel, what makes these two work so well together?

submitted by /u/kool_kolumbine_kid
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How do we estimate the annual emission of CO2 from volcanoes?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 04:05 PM PDT

My brother is skeptical of global warming and thinks that the amount of CO2 emitted by volcanoes is much greater than the amount of CO2 by industry. I'm curious as to how this number is measured seeing that the USGS among other sites say that the amount by volcanoes is lesser than the amount from industry

submitted by /u/MegaFatcat100
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Why is Silicon irradiated in nuclear reactors?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 03:57 PM PDT

I was watching this video when they mentioned uncontrollably irradiating silicon boules for semiconductors. I was under the impression it takes ultra pure silicon for the semiconductor industry to manufacture chips with precision. Are they doing this for non-precise electronic components like diodes? Why is this happening?

submitted by /u/ConstantHat
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Can the human body have too much blood?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 11:01 AM PDT

Can a cloud travel all the way round the earth?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 12:20 PM PDT

This was posed by my daughter and I don't know but we wondered if a cloud could travel all the way round the world and remain intact, even if it expands, shrinks, merges with other clouds or breaks off. Not really sure how you define a cloud and identify it but is it possible?

submitted by /u/Hamsternoir
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Does a video of an empty, stationary room have a smaller file size than a video of things moving?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 12:43 PM PDT

Saturday, June 9, 2018

How do they keep patients alive during heart surgery when they switch out the the heart for the new one?

How do they keep patients alive during heart surgery when they switch out the the heart for the new one?


How do they keep patients alive during heart surgery when they switch out the the heart for the new one?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 09:55 PM PDT

What happens to light after it hits the cone or rod cells in our eyes?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 04:59 AM PDT

I was wondering if it just someone floats out of the eye, if it's just absorbed, or whatever. If it is absorbed, does that affect the cell itself in anyway?

submitted by /u/Smewai
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Could Venus have supported life in the distant past?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 04:31 AM PDT

It's roughly the same size as Earth, and by some estimates it's in the Sun's habitable zone. Could it have supported life, and if so, what happened to make it the way it is today?

submitted by /u/JamieBGood1
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Why do we still use/need SIM cards?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 03:25 AM PDT

Why do we still need a physical chip to access mobile network instead of an account?/ is it just because it would mean to modify the structure? int that case wouldn't it still be more convenient to emulate SIM cards with through an IC embedded in the phone?

submitted by /u/M1573R_W0LF
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How did people classify molds before the invention of the microscope? Did they classify them as plants, fungi, or something else?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 11:04 PM PDT

Is mammal hair a "descendent/divergence" of feathers?

Posted: 09 Jun 2018 04:58 AM PDT

A strange question I guess. I have been watching a lot of dinosaur documentaries recently (a caveat about the extent of my knowledge), it seems evidence for feathers in dinosaurs is getting pushed back earlier and earlier in the timeline. Is it possible (or even likely) that mammal hair comes from the same source as these early proto-feathers?

submitted by /u/tholovar
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What is the mechanism that allow dolphins and whales to stay underwater for such a long time?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 12:28 PM PDT

Does the distribution of plastic in our oceans help us learn about ocean movements?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 12:26 PM PDT

Since I'd imagine researchers can't dump things in the ocean to follow en masse, I wondered if the plastic deposits are giving us insight into where things left in certain parts of oceans inevitably end up?

submitted by /u/olioli86
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if hot air goes up, why are the top of mountains cold?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 09:29 AM PDT

When people experience head trauma, why are they told NOT to sleep?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 09:42 AM PDT

What does sleeping does to the brain that it's not advisable to sleep after a head trauma?

submitted by /u/Fafafee
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What is the difference between the six types of quarks?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 09:00 AM PDT

I know that there are 6 different types of quarks (up, down, charm, etc.) But what exactly is the difference between them? How was it determined which combinations make up protons, neutrons, and so on? On a side note, are they small enough to be considered on the Planck scale? By throwing h = E in Einstein's E=mc2, m=2.281 x 10-42kg for something with one quantum of energy, so are quarks small enough to be on that scale? (I'm sure I'm not making much sense, but if you get what I'm trying to ask, I'm curious about it)

submitted by /u/duuuhhh98
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What limits the size of a cell? (in particular I'm interested how long it takes for enzymes/nutrients etc to travel within a cell to a place they need to be)?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 12:40 PM PDT

I googled and read this http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/What-limits-cell-size.php, but I was under the impression that cell size was limited because the larger they got, the longer it took to send (for lack of a better word) signals or nutrients from one place to another. Is this not a concern? Is it only a secondary concern? Like, if a cell managed to overcome all the issues in the above link, it would then be primarily limited in size because of this issue?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/Oldkingcole225
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What population impacts were observed from adding iodine to table salt?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 11:28 AM PDT

I found a study referenced in Wikipedia that stated that the wide-scale adoption of iodine into salt resulted in increased IQ among that age cohort. It stated also that: "We also document a large increase in thyroid-related deaths following the countrywide adoption of iodized salt, which affected mostly older individuals in localities with high prevalence of iodine deficiency."

I don't have access to the full text. I was curious if there was a proposed causal mechanism for the mortality among older individuals.

submitted by /u/MuskieGo
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[also engineering] How do roller coasters maintain the same speeds with so many different loads of people?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 10:44 AM PDT

Say you're riding a roller coaster with a group of 100 pound kids on a field trip. Then the next time you ride it it's all 200+ pound adults. How do they keep the coaster from hitting turns or inversions with too much speed? How is there a guarantee that you'll clear an airtime hill if everyone on your ride is heavy? I know that there are brake runs and sometimes launched coasters like Top Thrill Dragster or Kingda Ka will have roll backs, but it seems like there should be a lot more variation than there is.

submitted by /u/WargWrestler
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How do we know how many stars are in a galaxy?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 01:22 PM PDT

How do charge carriers deliver energy to a circuit element, without a change in their kinetic energy?

Posted: 08 Jun 2018 06:31 AM PDT

As an amount of charge passes through a circuit element, a drop in potential energy indicates the transfer of electrical energy into the component. It could be converted to heat/light etc. depending on the component. The amount of energy transfer will = drop in potential.

I am trying to wrap my head around where the energy actually comes from, given that there is no drop in Kinetic Energy of the charge carriers, since that would cause a differing current density at the output of the component with respect to the input (which is not what happens)?

Please help me intuitively see how everything is conserved!

submitted by /u/marmiteandeggs
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