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Tuesday, May 22, 2018

If dividing by zero is undefined and causes so much trouble, why not define the result as a constant and build the theory around it? (Like 'i' was defined to be the sqrt of -1 and the complex numbers)

If dividing by zero is undefined and causes so much trouble, why not define the result as a constant and build the theory around it? (Like 'i' was defined to be the sqrt of -1 and the complex numbers)


If dividing by zero is undefined and causes so much trouble, why not define the result as a constant and build the theory around it? (Like 'i' was defined to be the sqrt of -1 and the complex numbers)

Posted: 22 May 2018 01:26 AM PDT

How do we know what dinosaurs ate exactly if only their bones were fossilized?

Posted: 21 May 2018 10:41 AM PDT

Without their internal organs like the stomach, preserved or fossilized, how do we know?

Edit: Thank you all for your very informative answers!

submitted by /u/its_me_michael
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Why does a hydrogen bomb need deuterium (aka heavy hydrogen) yet the sun does just fine with regular hydrogen?

Posted: 21 May 2018 11:51 PM PDT

If the neutron in the deuterium atom is needed to sustain the chain reaction in a hydrogen bomb explosion, why isn't it needed in the sun?

submitted by /u/bryceguy72
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What research is currently being done to help cure the HSV-1/2 virus?

Posted: 21 May 2018 10:39 AM PDT

Not sure if this is the best place to post this, would be happy to delete and post somewhere more appropriate

What research is currently being done to help combat the HSV1 and HSV32 virus in humans?

Why is it hard to find a cure for this illness?

What are the limitations in what can be done, chemically speaking when it comes to medicine for it?

submitted by /u/DracoLannister
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Why does fruit not ripen sometimes?

Posted: 22 May 2018 05:33 AM PDT

Do amputees produce less blood than the rest of us? Or do veins/arteries "stretch" to fit the extra volume?

Posted: 22 May 2018 02:48 AM PDT

When conducting a dual-slit experiment, what kind of sensor can detect photons without preventing them from passing through the slit?

Posted: 22 May 2018 01:29 AM PDT

All the photon detectors I'm familiar with would occlude the slit in order to measure the photons that would pass through that slit. In this case, though, by adding one of these, aren't you basically back down to a single slit?

submitted by /u/cramduck
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Why is it that the ratio of men to women is rather uniform across humans?

Posted: 22 May 2018 12:37 AM PDT

Why is it that there is, with some variations due to war and such, generally speaking a near 50/50 distribution of men to women in humans when it would seem that due to the way reproduction works having more women than men would be beneficial?

Also on a side note is there any crazy variations on this distribution outside of countries with less men due to war? Do other animals also have similar ratios?

submitted by /u/DragonBank
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When two objects transfer electrons through friction, what determines which one receives the majority of electrons? In other words, what determines which object becomes positively charged and which one becomes negatively charged?

Posted: 22 May 2018 07:10 AM PDT

Why do all of the planets go around the sun in the same direction and what would happen if they went the other way?

Posted: 22 May 2018 05:28 AM PDT

Why isn´t it possible to calculate the energy which the laser emits on the particle and know both: momentum and position? Would this make 'seeing the future' possible as you know both now?

Posted: 22 May 2018 05:26 AM PDT

Due to Heisenbergs uncertainty principle we cannot know position and momentum both, due to for example a high energy laser messing with the momentum of the particle - if I´m not correct here please tell me, im not a physicist in any way Im just curious.

submitted by /u/Damoklessword
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Is there a difference between natural sleep and sleep via medication?

Posted: 21 May 2018 02:42 PM PDT

Does your body heal up the same way? What about cognitive ability? Is there actually a difference from when you fall asleep naturally compared to taking a sleeping pill? Or even getting black out drunk?

submitted by /u/laminin1
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1 Can anybody who knows psychology explain to me what is going on when people experience serious mental block in front of a camera?

Posted: 22 May 2018 12:50 AM PDT

I am talking about this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJdNrCeUdhc And let us ignore the point Kimmel is trying to make. I refuse to believe that so many people are not able to name a book when asked in front of the camera. Even if they don't read, I'm sure those people could have come up with an answer if asked casually by a friend. So what is actually going on? Is it some form of stage fright?

submitted by /u/AldrS
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As Li-ion batteries age and hold less charge, what actually changes about them chemically?

Posted: 21 May 2018 02:34 PM PDT

And, when these batteries reach their end of life and are disposed of, can they just be sent back to the factory to be melted down for raw materials and turned into new batteries, or would additional material inputs be needed?

submitted by /u/StarManta
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Why does heat reduce pain?

Posted: 21 May 2018 11:54 PM PDT

At the physio and I get heat pads to reduce back pains? How and why do they help?

submitted by /u/harrywiltshire
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If we can find hundreds of exoplanets orbiting stars hundreds of light-years away, why do we have a hard time conclusively confirming Planet Nine within our own solar system?

Posted: 21 May 2018 12:13 PM PDT

What exactly causes people to form different accents?

Posted: 21 May 2018 03:06 PM PDT

Why is Neoprene more resistant against ozone?

Posted: 22 May 2018 01:11 AM PDT

Why is Neoprene more resistant against ozone than regular rubber (latex)?

Regularly, I think that the dubble bonds in the rubber polymers burst when they react with ozone, so that the whole rubber eventually ruptures. This doesn't occur to the same extent with Neoprene (polychloroprene). Why? Does it have something to do with the chlorine in the rubber, that the chlorine reacts with the ozone instead of the dubble bonds? Please explain!

submitted by /u/stwul
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What is mesons role in Standard Model?

Posted: 21 May 2018 08:48 PM PDT

Standard Model tells us that quarks are the building blocks for hadrons (i.e. baryons and mesons), baryons in turn are those for atom's nuclei. Earlier they considered mesons as mediators for strong interaction, but now gluons are the ones 'responsible' for. So, why mesons are still important?

submitted by /u/jimmereeno
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Are there materials microwaves won't heat up?

Posted: 21 May 2018 05:57 PM PDT

Is there an equation predicting the Hooke's law constant for a simple spiral spring based on: the material and the spring geometry?

Posted: 21 May 2018 11:47 AM PDT

I have been using my 3d printer to print simple springs (the common spiral kind, not sure of the name). And I can test them to work out the [k constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law#Formal_definition) (k*Displacement = Force). Is there a general equation where you just put in (I assume): a material property, the height, the width, the thickness of the spring coil, and the number of coils.

EDIT: Thank you u/nastienate15 for catching my typo.

submitted by /u/RickAndMorty101Years
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is pi different for a circle in a curved surface?

Posted: 21 May 2018 05:34 PM PDT

Monday, May 21, 2018

What population density could t-rex realistically have had?

What population density could t-rex realistically have had?


What population density could t-rex realistically have had?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:42 PM PDT

Put another way, how big does Isla Nublar have to be to stop a t-rex from starving? Or if I build a time machine, how many square kilometers of the Cretaceous do I need to check before finally actually seeing one?

Extant predators can take up a lot of space, and usually need a lot of ecology to support the top of the food chain. If you take the maximum mass and maximum territory size of a Siberian tiger and try to blindly guesstimate up to a 9 ton dinosaur, you get an area almost the size of Rhode Island per dinosaur. This seems unrealistic because they'd hardly ever be able to find eachother to make babies.

Do we know anything at all about how closely you could pack large predatory dinosaurs in general? Did they have meetups and spawning grounds? Arms are too short to use Tinder.

submitted by /u/CosineDanger
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Can film exist in a format that isn't a series of still frames? Whether analog or digital?

Posted: 20 May 2018 10:33 AM PDT

Instead of many still images creating the illusion of motion, are there other ways of depicting film without a film reel with separate negatives (analog) or a video file (digital) without frames?

submitted by /u/Thonster
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How does the hippocampus transfer short term to long term memory?

Posted: 21 May 2018 04:33 AM PDT

Why does lava release so many dangerous gases and particles when it touches sea water? Where are all those poisonous gases/materials exactly coming from?

Posted: 20 May 2018 10:46 PM PDT

With Jupiter being a gaseous planet, what is happening at the poles, both magnetically, and thermally? What would a compass do, and is there ice?

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:58 PM PDT

What is the best way to "break in" a new cellphone battery?

Posted: 21 May 2018 05:43 AM PDT

So a brand new phone/tablet, out of the box, is there any particular procedure regarding the first charge?

We've all heard the advice, some say you must charge the battery first, some say you must use the phone until it's flat then charge it. Others say you must use the battery to below 20% but above 15%. The list goes on.

Does it matter? If so, what's the real recommendation and what's the science behind it??

submitted by /u/RangerZA
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Are there any viruses (viri?) that are beneficial to humans?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:08 PM PDT

Have we found any evidence that eukaryotic organisms have existed at any point in time outside the 5 kingdoms?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:07 PM PDT

Since we have plenty of examples of other levels of the taxonomic tree of life going extinct (individual species, genuses, etc), what's the furthest "branch" we can go out from the center that is now extinct? Was there an entire class, phylum, kingdom or maybe even domain of organism that no longer exists today?

submitted by /u/Pokemaster131
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Do slower animals, such as turtles, slugs, snails, etc have a sense of feeling on the parts of their bodies that touch the ground? If so, how do they deal with hot and cold surfaces for such a long period of time?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:28 PM PDT

Why are batteries different sizes? What is the difference between using four AAA vs. two D batteries?

Posted: 20 May 2018 12:52 PM PDT

Wondering after looking a some flashlights of mine. One uses a couple D batteries while some use AAAs and some use AAs. Do the size differences have to do with voltage, or "amount" of battery? Could you theoretically change something that runs off a D to run off two AAs?

submitted by /u/RagnarDannesgold
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How do insects with queens (ants/bees) develop genetic diversity?

Posted: 20 May 2018 03:40 PM PDT

If a colony has only one female that makes offsprings, genetic diversity will not be strong. Wouldn't that be a major setback for evolution? Yet, ants are thriving.

submitted by /u/merdouille44
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Exactly what makes certain materials/plants to reflect the light that they do? (Why are strawberries red, etc?)

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:02 PM PDT

What allows horses (and other equines) to carry so much weight?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:01 PM PDT

More specifically, to carry so much weight without injury. I know other mammals, such as dogs, can sustain serious injuries (such as hip dysplasia or back injuries) when they carry large amounts of weight, and that being the reason why parents should never allow children to 'ride' these animals.

submitted by /u/Liars-Syndrome
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How does risk of psychosis compare between recreational drugs?

Posted: 20 May 2018 09:14 PM PDT

X-post from r/askdrugnerds

Which drugs have the highest and lowest risk of triggering psychosis? I'd imagine cannabis to be high on the list, and I've heard PCP is also especially likely to cause psychosis. But I'd like some info on how they all compare. If you're aware of any studies or other resources that compare all the drugs, please post the links here.

submitted by /u/shirtlifterdownunder
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Why do some people struggle to pronounce certain words?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:46 PM PDT

Does red/blue shift have any effect on spectroscopy and if so how do they account for it?

Posted: 20 May 2018 04:42 PM PDT

I just learned about spectroscopy today, and watched a video about how it works. To my understanding we can understand the composition of the planets by looking at the wavelengths they emit or absorb and matching those wavelengths up with their respective elements. I was curious if red/blue shift had any effect on this process or if spectroscopy is only reliable up to a certain distance? Thanks!

submitted by /u/Iwanttohearyouscream
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What’s the difference between analog and digital, in terms of electronics?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:12 PM PDT

Someone was telling me about the shift from analog record players to digital, and I had no clue what they meant. Can anyone clarify the difference here?

submitted by /u/SheLovesCacti
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Why does a laptop overheat?

Posted: 21 May 2018 12:00 AM PDT

When a laptop is running intensive programs like games, which part(s) cause overheating and why does it overheat?

submitted by /u/rdivine
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How do shoe waterproofing sprays work?

Posted: 20 May 2018 11:50 PM PDT

What are they made off? Is the same chemicals used for other applications when not marketed as a shoe product? Can they potentially damage textile or leather?

submitted by /u/sonomodata
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What is worse on our skin, a strong acid or a strong base?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:28 PM PDT

How can medication cause side effects that counter effect each other?

Posted: 20 May 2018 03:24 PM PDT

For example, side effects such as tiredness and fatigue are caused by a medication, but also insomnia or even increased energy. "How is it that medication causes side effects that are opposites of each other?" may be a more appropriate question.

submitted by /u/Razor_101
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What happens on a cellular level when a person "crashes" after a sugar rush?

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:06 PM PDT

What's the limits of the spectrum of normal memory? How much do people usually remember?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:34 PM PDT

This question came upon after reflecting upon my childhood memories (or lack thereof, really). One of my good friends can vividly recall specific days or conversations he had while 5-8 years old. I remember 3-4 birthdays, a few christmas'. Only still pictures, and never any conversations. How much is it normal to remember?

submitted by /u/Daftmachine
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Sunday, May 20, 2018

Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?

Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?


Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?

Posted: 19 May 2018 02:22 PM PDT

Do bees know they’ll die if they sting another animal?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:12 PM PDT

How can the mass of a neutral pion be determined, if its quark content can be either (up + anti-up) or (down + anti-down)?

Posted: 19 May 2018 10:36 PM PDT

Since u and d have different masses. And if the masses of these two possibilities are not the same, why don't we have two particles?

submitted by /u/ten_mile_river
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What is heat lightening?

Posted: 19 May 2018 06:40 PM PDT

I've always been told that heat lightening doesn't exist and that it's just far off storms where you can't hear the thunder. Have I been lied to my whole life?

submitted by /u/points4trying
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How does a record player turn a vinyl disk into the music we hear?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:54 PM PDT

Why do all gas giants in our solar system have rings but none of the inner planets with rocky cores? Is this a phenomenon of how our solar system was formed or is it indicative of all gas giants in the universe?

Posted: 19 May 2018 12:00 PM PDT

Is nuclear cheaper than renewables?

Posted: 19 May 2018 03:44 PM PDT

What exactly is happening inside this vacuum causing plasma to appear from a Tesla coil?

Posted: 19 May 2018 11:17 AM PDT

https://gfycat.com/brightsoulfulgallowaycow

If theres a vacuum in the syringe, what particles are being charged up to glow like this? Is it just electrons flwoing from the nail into the tube?

submitted by /u/NoMaans
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What happens to cancer cells once the host body has perished?

Posted: 19 May 2018 01:27 PM PDT

Do antler animals feel their antlers?

Posted: 19 May 2018 09:52 AM PDT

Meaning if some was to cut them off while that animal was alive would they feel it and register it as pain?

submitted by /u/Fresgd
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How did tortoises get to the Galapagos islands?

Posted: 19 May 2018 07:35 PM PDT

When building a bridge how do you overcome differences of elevation on both sides, and also when pylons are placed. Logistically how do they make a level bridge?

Posted: 19 May 2018 07:33 PM PDT

Is there a mathematical relationship or equation that describes the relationship between bond energies and electronegativity?

Posted: 19 May 2018 12:27 PM PDT

Would it be possible to calculate the bond energy for a bond given the electronegativity of the 2 atoms?

submitted by /u/Kevat
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Do animals have the same ailments as humans (pulled muscles, common cold, etc)?

Posted: 19 May 2018 05:50 PM PDT

As the title suggests, there are a lot of things that humans have to deal with. We work too hard, we pull or strain a muscle. We get the 'common cold', we have people with certain things like anemia or diabetes.

Do other animals share these types of things, or are some of them uniquely human?

submitted by /u/EazyPeazyLemonSqueaz
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Is there a difference between claws, talons, and nails?

Posted: 19 May 2018 11:28 AM PDT

Or are they synonyms of one another?

submitted by /u/AwwNickYeah
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Why is visible plasma often purple in color?

Posted: 19 May 2018 04:30 PM PDT

Why are the Rankine and Brayton cycles so commonly studied?

Posted: 19 May 2018 03:45 PM PDT

Rankine is utilized for external combustion while Brayton for internal combustion. Is it for historical and/or pragmatic reasons these two are predominant? I am just trying to understand intuitively why thermodynamic cycles involving adiabatic compression, isobaric heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and isobaric heat rejection are preferred versus any others (e.g. Carnot, Otto, Scuderi, Manson, Lenoir)? Is there anything inherent about the processes?

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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Can a versican antibody be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:12 AM PDT

I read a medical publication (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15985535) and was quite confused as to the implications of the research. If versican is secreted by cancerous cells, can't versican antibodies be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer? Please tell me if I'm misconstruing the research. Cheers :)

submitted by /u/neeeeeeel
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how did scientists figure out what's inside a cell?also can a cell be cut in half using an obsidian blade while viewing under a microscope?

Posted: 18 May 2018 10:58 PM PDT

After i came home from biology class. i am wondering how scientists figured out what's inside a cell.also can a cell be cut in half using an obsidian blade while viewing under a microscope

submitted by /u/randomcomicguy101
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How do herbicides distinguish between plants and weeds?

Posted: 19 May 2018 06:19 AM PDT