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Sunday, May 13, 2018

Are we producing more atmosphere than we lose at this point in time?

Are we producing more atmosphere than we lose at this point in time?

Are we producing more atmosphere than we lose at this point in time?

Posted: 13 May 2018 04:14 AM PDT

I guess my question is pretty simple. At this point in time is the planet producing more atmosphere than we are losing to solar wind or are we slowly losing atmosphere?

What are some of the factors affecting our atmospheric production or decline?

Is our atmosphere undergoing any kind of changing state? As in, more oxygen rich, less oxygen rich? Etc....

submitted by /u/Runtowardsdanger
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How much electrical conductance (if any) is lost, when a metal is oxidized?

Posted: 13 May 2018 04:13 AM PDT

Why does egg turn white when you cook it?

Posted: 12 May 2018 08:16 PM PDT

What are the effects on copper pipes when they are connected to a house's electrical ground?

Posted: 12 May 2018 08:04 PM PDT

In some regions, if a house has a buried copper water supply line, it must be connected to the electrical ground.

How does this affect the copper pipe? I've read frequently that people suspect it increases corrosion, but if only copper and brass are used, I'm not sure how that would happen.

submitted by /u/Hatsuwr
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What's the deepest point through the planet that we believe life to exist?

Posted: 12 May 2018 09:39 PM PDT

How do magnetic poles spontaneously flip?

Posted: 12 May 2018 01:16 PM PDT

Every so often the Earth's magnetic field flips. What is the cause of this. How does it relate to a small magnet flipping poles? Bonus: In the instant the poles flip is there a instant when there is no magnetic field?

submitted by /u/usualservice
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Do non-human primates have dominant handedness like humans do?

Posted: 12 May 2018 10:09 AM PDT

How can I visualize a matrix product with a vector?

Posted: 12 May 2018 12:19 PM PDT

I have trouble wrapping my head around it. For example: say you have a matrix A, vector x, and a new vector Ax=x'. How can I tell what the components of x' stand for? In what way is it connected to a change in basis?

submitted by /u/SlimShady123_
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If cancer and psoriasis are both overactive cell growth, what is it that makes them different?

Posted: 12 May 2018 11:07 AM PDT

If you were to compare skin cancer vs. psoriasis they are both described as overactive cell growth, though with different results and degrees of danger. A) how are they different, and B) what is it that makes cancer more dangerous than psoriasis?

submitted by /u/_migraine
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Why do grapes and raisins differ in health benefits?

Posted: 12 May 2018 11:27 AM PDT

Why are the most common screen resolutions multiples of 360?

Posted: 12 May 2018 11:06 AM PDT

There used to be a variety of screen resolutions and different aspect ratios... TVs were 4:3, monitors were all over the place and it seemed like 16:10 might become the standard when HDTV came out and everything shifted towards 16:9.

For a while we had 720p (1280 horizontal x 720 vertical pixels), then 1080p (1080 vertical pixels). Those vertical resolutions are 3602 and 3603.

Some monitors are now 1440p (3604), and 4K televisions are 2160p (3606). I guess poor 1800p (360*5) was unwanted.

Anyway, why are all of the common resolutions multiples of 360? Is it just a coincidence, or is there some reason for it? There were 1600 x 900 monitors, and other 16:9 resolutions are out there. There are a lot of options for multiples of 9 that could have been used... did 40*9 just get to be the lucky winner?

submitted by /u/chocoboat
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Can the beam quality parameter (M^2) for a laser be less than 1?

Posted: 12 May 2018 10:17 PM PDT

Like the title asks, is it physically possible for the beam quality parameter of a laser to be less than 1? Or is this just not how the M2 parameter works?

submitted by /u/Sullivanseyes
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Why is there a small oxygen absorber package in a bag of Beef Jerky?

Posted: 12 May 2018 11:24 AM PDT

Title.

submitted by /u/Andratini
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How "big" is the window-of-opportunity for re-entry into Earth's atmosphere, from a burn-up/skip off perspective?

Posted: 12 May 2018 09:20 PM PDT

Are mosquitos considered venomous?

Posted: 12 May 2018 08:27 PM PDT

What is an intermediate?

Posted: 12 May 2018 04:37 PM PDT

How do we know intermediate steps take place in a chemical reaction if they cannot be measured. Additionally, why are they important in measuring rates.

submitted by /u/WithMayo
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How would you determine the molecular identity of the ion that is being transported through a receptor activated channel? Have there been any experiments that were designed to accomplish this?

Posted: 12 May 2018 10:20 AM PDT

Can you accelerate "virtual objects" above c m/s?

Posted: 12 May 2018 11:25 AM PDT

Couldn't you theoretically make a virtual object e.g. a point on a screen faster than light speed and thus transfer information faster than c? Or imagine a laser pointing at a wall in great distance and the laser rotates at light speed, isn't the point then faster than light?

submitted by /u/shwarzee
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What affects the pH of water? (Sea water or normal)

Posted: 12 May 2018 01:03 PM PDT
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Saturday, May 12, 2018

Why do ice cubes crack when liquid is poured over them?

Why do ice cubes crack when liquid is poured over them?

Why do ice cubes crack when liquid is poured over them?

Posted: 12 May 2018 03:56 AM PDT

Is there anything special about the visible spectrum that would have caused organisms to evolve to see it?

Posted: 12 May 2018 05:38 AM PDT

I hope that makes sense. I'm wondering if there is a known or possible reason that visible light is...well, visible to organisms and not other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, or if the first organisms to evolve sight just happened to see in the visible wavelengths and it just perpetuated.

Not sure if this belonged in biology or physics but I guessed biology edit: I guessed wrong, it's more of a physics thing according to answers so far so I changed the flair for those who come after

submitted by /u/thestray
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Why does (what role) HIV infected children have higher prevalence of staphylococcus aureus than for other staphylococcus species?

Posted: 12 May 2018 05:39 AM PDT

Almost all studies on prevalence of staphylococcus among HIV children indicate higher prevalence for staphylococcus aureus than for other staphylococcus species. Why is this the case? What role does HIV infection play to contribute to this?

submitted by /u/opkyei
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Why does volcanic ash stay up for so long? Isn’t it relatively heavy?

Posted: 12 May 2018 02:19 AM PDT

Why does the first ionization energy go down from Nitrogen to Oxygen?

Posted: 12 May 2018 03:47 AM PDT

If the neutron does not possess any charge, how coud exists an antineutron?

Posted: 12 May 2018 03:20 AM PDT

I'm not physicist, but the intuitive concept of antimater that I have is that an antiparticle is just the same as the particle but with the oposite charge. Then, how can an antineutron exists and be detected?

submitted by /u/felmoltor
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Why can't we create a perfectly straight beam of light with optics? What makes lasers so special?

Posted: 12 May 2018 06:41 AM PDT

Just looking at the inside of camera lenses, it seems we know optics well enough to control light with a pretty high degree of precision. So, why is it that I've never seen light focused into a perfectly straight beam via glass lenses or mirrors before, and instead lasers beams have to be generated through special laser sources?

It seems like with our understanding of optics, it should be decently trivial to focus light onto a tiny spot then use a lense at that spot to straighten the beam out. Is there some inherent property with regular light that stops this from happening?

Edit: just to clarify, I understand that the waves on a laser beam are temporally and spatially coherent. I'd just like to know why it is that a beam of light that isn't coherent seemingly can't hold a straight beam.

submitted by /u/karlzhao314
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If a pregnant woman does not consume enough calcium during the babies development. Does her body choose to pull calcium from her own bones, or underdeveloped the bones of the child?

Posted: 11 May 2018 08:34 AM PDT

Is there a sort of priority for all of the babies development? Is the mother's own body a priority, or the childs? Mostly curious about the bones.

submitted by /u/PretendHumanoid
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Why are Copper(ii) compounds such as copper acetaf, bad for the Environment/people try to limit its exposure to the environment?

Posted: 12 May 2018 12:39 AM PDT

What would a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram look like if it's normalized based on MacAdam ellipse?

Posted: 12 May 2018 03:39 AM PDT

Here is a standard CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram with MacAdam ellipse: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference#/media/File:CIExy1931_MacAdam.png

You can see that the ellipses are not identical, with different shapes and sizes. That means the diagram is not isotropic on the basis of human perception. What if we modified the shape of the diagram, so that the MacAdam ellipses all become perfect circles with identical sizes. What would the diagram look like then?

submitted by /u/mteechan
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Does our native language effect the tone/ pitch of our voice?

Posted: 11 May 2018 09:29 AM PDT

I feel like I've had this preconceived notion that people with different native languages tend to have different pitched voices than others, as a trend. Like native German speakers have a deeper voice than native Italian speakers.

I'm not sure this is even true or not, but if it is, what causes it? Just the language itself and the way our mouth forms the different sounds needed to speak that language?

submitted by /u/hung-like-a-horsefly
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When a chemical "binds to my receptors" what is actually happening?

Posted: 11 May 2018 10:24 AM PDT

I have a liquid on me which is an irritant. My arms feel like they are burning/on fire, and wiki says the compound binds to the receptors which are responsible for the regulation of skin temperature, hence i assume, making the skin hot like its on fire.

A few hours later im fine, until I wash, then it gets re-activated, and i'm in the same pain as earlier. What is actually happening. Is the chemical compound sticking to cells and transforming them or something, and how does this even work?

submitted by /u/electricp0ww0w
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Why is the CMB cold spot more significant than other cold spots?

Posted: 11 May 2018 03:57 PM PDT

Looking at images of the CMB, I can see many cold regions of the universe. Some of them even appear larger than the one we know as "the cold spot". Are the colors visually misleading of the numbers they represent?

submitted by /u/nitemike
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Why are there moving shadows on the floor in front of my space heater?

Posted: 11 May 2018 04:36 PM PDT

Looking at the electric heater from above, there are moving shadows in front of it. The lighting comes from above. There is no smoke, so does the heat move, or bend, the light from above to concentrate it in some areas and remove it from others? Or, is it slowing the light down in some areas, something I'm pretty sure is impossible?

submitted by /u/spudzilla
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How is foreign DNA extracted from exhumed bodies?

Posted: 11 May 2018 07:19 PM PDT

I just read a thread where the killer was found on DNA evidence after the victim's body was exhumed over 20 years later.

How is foreign DNA, such as semen, able to survive within a rotting corpse for over 20 years and how is foreign DNA isolated and tested in that condition?

submitted by /u/countessmeemee
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Is there any liquid more thin then water?

Posted: 11 May 2018 12:00 PM PDT

In the 18th century, astronomers went around the globe to observe the transit of Venus knowing that if they compare their measurements, they could figure out how far the sun is. How does this work?

Posted: 11 May 2018 08:21 AM PDT

Does operating temperature actually affect a electronic device's performance?

Posted: 11 May 2018 04:10 PM PDT

Efficiency/reliability aside, does the temperature of a circuit make a meaningful impact? For example, would cooler processors work faster than hot ones? (Or vice versa?) Would this vary depending on the component?

submitted by /u/guacamoleman141
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Does Earth have Cryovolcanoes? If not, why?

Posted: 11 May 2018 11:30 AM PDT

Cryovolcanoes have been found on Enceladus, and there's evidence for them on many other moons like Titan and Triton. They're apparently pretty common in the solar system, and probably elsewhere.

Does Earth have any cryovolcanoes? We have geysers, but I'm not sure if these are the same thing since they have a different geological mechanism, and we don't call Earth's geysers "cryovolcanoes".

submitted by /u/StarlightDown
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What did the early (Vostok) cosmonauts carry with them when they returned to Earth?

Posted: 11 May 2018 10:09 AM PDT

There's all these online links with survival kits that cosmonauts carried after 1968 (the NAZ-3 survival kit), and the awesome TP-82 after 1982 for protection against wolves and bears in the wilderness, but what did the early Vostok cosmonauts (Gagarin, Titov etc) who landed without their capsule carry with them? In particular in terms of weapons, or any kind of survival kit for when they returned to Earth?

Did they typically land very far away from their capsule? Did the cosmonauts just wait for help or go to find people? How did the rescue teams find them? And how long did it usually take rescue teams to find them?

http://theappendix.net/posts/2013/11/the-cosmonauts-survival-kit

submitted by /u/its_a_science
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Friday, May 11, 2018

Moving water is one of the quickest ways to cool something down, but also to defrost it- why?

Moving water is one of the quickest ways to cool something down, but also to defrost it- why?

Moving water is one of the quickest ways to cool something down, but also to defrost it- why?

Posted: 11 May 2018 04:58 AM PDT

I remember learning a while ago that many rural and poor communities throughout the world use running water as refrigeration for food and that it's an incredibly fast way of cooling something. I recently discovered that running water is also practically the quickest way we have of defrosting things.

I understand that water is a great insulator and heat conductor but that doesn't explain the counter-intuity here. Is there something else going on?

submitted by /u/Dux0r
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Is the digestive process always first-in, first-out, or can quickly digestible meals "pass" slower digesting meals in the intestines?

Posted: 10 May 2018 03:33 PM PDT

Google searches only seem to bring up information on constipation.

submitted by /u/mrfiveby3
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Why are moles often the site of skin cancer? Doesn't more melanin mean more protection from the sun?

Posted: 10 May 2018 06:47 PM PDT

How significant is effect of friction losses in fluid transmission lines?

Posted: 11 May 2018 01:00 AM PDT

In comparison to other losses in the system, e.g. consider a simple circuit of a pump and motor connected

How would this change with line length?

submitted by /u/mawst
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How sure are that the K-T extinction event was caused by the Chicxulub asteroid?

Posted: 11 May 2018 06:50 AM PDT

What are the effects of lithium levels (on the range of 0-50 mg/L) in drinking water?

Posted: 10 May 2018 05:58 PM PDT

I was reading about lithium in well water and came across a few interesting articles:

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2145074-lithium-in-tap-water-seems-to-both-raise-and-lower-dementia-risk/

Says low levels can raise or lower dementia risk, depending on dose

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2002.10719188

Says low water lithium levels are correlated with some negative behaviors

http://www.jpands.org/vol20no4/marshall.pdf

Looks super sketchy, and pretty much says lithium is the best thing ever.

Since I can't bring myself to trust that last one, I was hoping r/askscience might be able to give some input.

submitted by /u/Hatsuwr
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What causes gasses to be different colors?

Posted: 11 May 2018 07:22 AM PDT

Like how oxygen and water vapor are colorless or how nitrogen is white right after it boils and then colorless once it settles.

submitted by /u/riphitter
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I have studied that that blood vessels, like any tissue, need nutrients and hence there are tiny blood vessels on their walls known as "vasa vasorum". The question here is, how these tiny structures get their own supply?

Posted: 11 May 2018 07:20 AM PDT

What’s the consensus on using combination antibiotics in order to reduce the effect of bacterial resistance?

Posted: 11 May 2018 07:17 AM PDT

I've read little bits from several different places on ways in which we can combat bacterial resistance. One study mentioned the use of several different antibiotics all targeting different essential pathways of a bacteria in order to reduce the chances that a certain amount of the population will survive and proliferate. It was something along the lines of: say the chance bacteria A has a mutation M1 which allows it to survive antibiotic 1 is 1/1000 and the chance it has mutation M2 to survive antibiotic 2 is also 1/1000. Then if we use both antibiotics 1 and 2 together the odds of any one bacteria having the exact two mutations necessary for survival decreases drastically as the probability becomes (1/1000)2. What if we use 3 antibiotics? Or 10?

Are we already doing this? If so is it general practice? If we aren't why not? I read something which mentioned the interactions between antibiotics being a difficult factor to control for but surely we could work this out and we would work this out in order to fight something so threatening such as bacterial resistance? Thanks in advance :)

submitted by /u/Fellainis_Elbows
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Transplants, what's done before they happen?

Posted: 11 May 2018 06:54 AM PDT

Like compatibility with donor and receiver. Why do some fail after some years? Are blood test done before such as mixing of the blood?

submitted by /u/ocj213
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Is it possible to have an anaphylactic reaction upon your first exposure to the allergen?

Posted: 11 May 2018 05:49 AM PDT

Second year medical student here - as I'm currently preparing for my immunology exam, I was reading up on anaphylactic response. As far as my textbook says, the 1st type of hypersensitivity reaction is the cause for anaphylaxis, but it says that such a reaction (anaphylaxis) can only occur in a later exposure - so I presume you can only get an allergic anaphylactic reaction upon your second exposure to the allergen.

However, I was wondering - since common anaphylaxis triggers are venom from insect bites or stings, I was wondering, in a hypothetical situation - if I was bitten by a poisonous snake (e.g. by a common adder) - is it possible to get an anaphylactic response immediately or would I have to be bitten twice by the same species?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/TrustTheUniverse
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Are sound waves affected by gravity?

Posted: 11 May 2018 04:47 AM PDT

I was just reading a different post about volcanoes and someone had brought up a (I'm dumbing this down because phone) super loud eruption that was heard clearly 3000 miles away from its source. Following that statement was a fun fact of the sound waves circling earth four times. Is this possible? Wouldn't it go in a straight line either way and not stop until leaving the atmosphere?

submitted by /u/MisterDomino15
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Can scientist predict volcanic activity and why hasn't anything like Pompeii happened recently and how long after an eruption does a place recover?

Posted: 10 May 2018 10:49 AM PDT

So, after watching the news about the volcanic activity in Hawaii, I had a few different questions that are all related.

1.) Can scientists predict a volcano eruption, and if so how soon can they do it and how?

2.) Why has there not been any crazy volcanic activity like what you read about with Pompeii, etc.?

3.) How long does it take an area to recover/become habitable after a volcanic eruption?

submitted by /u/theresalwaysthatone
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Is a shockwave different from a sound?

Posted: 10 May 2018 08:33 PM PDT

So I was holding a loaf of bread once as someone slammed the microwave door fairly hard on the other side of the kitchen. The sound wasn't too loud, but I could also sense something in the bread as the door slammed, like it was vibrating at that moment.

So I assume that was the shockwave, somehow. I guess my question is, why can I only seem to feel this sensation when I'm holding literally nothing but a loaf of bread, when I can hear the sound just fine? If it's of any importance, the loaf is fairly 'sealed' from the outer layer, so it acts sort of like a balloon.

submitted by /u/Reed1981
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How much "lag" is there in the human brain?

Posted: 10 May 2018 03:50 PM PDT

It seems no matter where you go the brain is always compared to a computer. Since your neurons don't transmit at the speed of light in a vacuum there has to be some form of lag. I first thought well maybe it's reaction time but I'm more wondering about the time it takes for the senses to transmit and the brain to receive that information

submitted by /u/TheRealSchackAttack
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Can birds get fat?

Posted: 10 May 2018 02:36 PM PDT

How do we know, or do we know, that the parts of an atom are round?

Posted: 10 May 2018 09:52 PM PDT

Every representation of parts of an atom, the protons, neutrons, and electrons, they're always presented as being round. Is this something we know or something that is at least likely, or is this just some rudimentary way of representing the parts, and if they are at least likely or we know they're round how do we come to this conclusion?

submitted by /u/mysticclay
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How does tidal heating work?

Posted: 10 May 2018 05:28 PM PDT

I was watching a video and someone said that some Jupiter's moons aren't as cold due to a process called tidal heating but didn't add much to it. Can someone explain because it sounds cool?

submitted by /u/kbX1
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Why don't strong magnetic fields disrupt the normal electrical activity of cells?

Posted: 10 May 2018 05:03 PM PDT

If cells rely on charged particles for function, such as the electrochemical gradient of a nerve cell, it seems like a strong magnetic field should change the alignment/direction/movement of the molecules.

submitted by /u/emergency_seal
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How do radio stations know how many receivers are listening to them?

Posted: 10 May 2018 08:47 AM PDT

Why is both helium 3 and deuterium required for a fusion reaction?

Posted: 10 May 2018 11:33 AM PDT

I was watching a video (https://youtu.be/mZsaaturR6E) (yep I'm not too versed) and they said that both deuterium and tritium or helium 3 was required for the fusion reaction.

Why can deuterium not fuse with itself?

If the plasma was hot/dense enough would this be possible?

submitted by /u/MalgrugrousStudent
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