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Wednesday, May 2, 2018

How was the first parachute tested?

How was the first parachute tested?


How was the first parachute tested?

Posted: 02 May 2018 02:59 AM PDT

Weight considerations aside, would lining a spacecraft with lead protect astronauts from harmful cosmic radiation?

Posted: 02 May 2018 12:50 AM PDT

If it could be layered in the outside walls of the craft/station, how thick would the layer need to be?

submitted by /u/thereal_ninjabill
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Have Insects ever been observed playing?

Posted: 02 May 2018 05:33 AM PDT

As we know the young of most species engage in some play with their littermates or parents, Has any species of Insects ever been known or documented to have ever played for the sake of enjoyment or is that limited to higher functioning organisms?

submitted by /u/Schruteboxes
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Can two circular polarisers be used for polarised microscopy or does it work only with two linear ones ?

Posted: 02 May 2018 04:53 AM PDT

I think I can't use two circular ones but I'm not sure as I'm not 100% sure how the circular ones work. Thanks in advance 🙂

submitted by /u/jeezokay
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What exactly is Particle-Wave Duality of Light?

Posted: 02 May 2018 05:45 AM PDT

I have read a little bit about Quantum Mechanics and this is a bizarre phenomenon(for someone who didn't take GCSE Physics) that I've come across that isn't explained very well.. So I was wondering if someone can perhaps provide me with a more comprehensive explanation with suitable analogies so that I have a better intuitive understanding of the subject.

submitted by /u/Ikizai
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Was Apollo 11's route precalculated and launched independently or did the crew have to fly it manually? If so, how much impact did the crew have mid-flight?

Posted: 01 May 2018 08:55 PM PDT

Why don't nuclear power plants use direct air cycle turbines?

Posted: 01 May 2018 05:51 PM PDT

DACT were successfully spun up during the nuclear propulsion program but nuclear aircraft were not viable for obvious reasons.

However they seem to make a lot of sense, why heat steam and run a turbine when you can run the turbine directly off the heat of the core? Wouldn't this be more efficient?

submitted by /u/Nautique210
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I'm getting ammonia readings in a confined space with seawater and barnacles. Where does the ammonia come from?

Posted: 02 May 2018 05:46 AM PDT

I work in a coal power plant. Part of the process is using seawater for cooling.

Sometimes our monitors detect ammonia inside the confined spaces when the condensers and tunnels are opened to be cleaned.

The cleaning involves scraping away the masses of barnacles in these areas.

Are the barnacles releasing ammonia somehow? When they die and start to decompose? Could the ammonia be introduced by something else in the seawater?

submitted by /u/Oddisphere
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Is an infinitely self sustaining exothermic chemical reaction theoretically possible?

Posted: 02 May 2018 07:07 AM PDT

My thinking is that a chemical reaction, or a group of reactions, create byproducts that can react with each other in a closed environment. If the system is completely isolated, there won't be any gasses/reactants escaping. This would basically be a kind of free energy. Is this theoretically possible?

submitted by /u/Maenethal
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What happens if the ISS passes directly above a ground-based optical telescope while it is observing the sky?

Posted: 01 May 2018 10:19 PM PDT

Why does tellurium poisoning make your breath smell like garlic?

Posted: 01 May 2018 07:06 PM PDT

A few months ago, I was assigned to do some basic research on tellurium for a school project. When researching I found out that Tellurium breath has a garlicky odor it never said why though. It is some chemical reaction or just a coincidence?

submitted by /u/W334
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Is it possible to fill a football with just enough helium to match the density of air, making it float in place?

Posted: 01 May 2018 04:35 PM PDT

It just came across my mind, throwing a football that does not come down. Would it be possible?

submitted by /u/LlamasOnFire
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 02 May 2018 08:13 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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What makes something bouncy?

Posted: 02 May 2018 07:37 AM PDT

How Do Skyscrapers Get Around the Square-Cube Law?

Posted: 02 May 2018 07:34 AM PDT

Does our internal body temperature fluctuate depending on the temperature outside?

Posted: 01 May 2018 08:24 PM PDT

I am learning general principles of sampling, in particular, importance sampling. I am looking for a good explanation for reweighting. Can anyone please explain when and why we need reweighting? What is the intuition behind reweighting in general? What does it accomplish?

Posted: 01 May 2018 04:13 PM PDT

I am a student in chemistry. I struggle understanding complicated notations used in statistics papers.

submitted by /u/FSylvestris
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How do hydrocarbons form on other planets, etc.?

Posted: 01 May 2018 08:49 PM PDT

Organic chemistry is very much not my strong suit, but I was wondering what the chemical processes involved in hydrocarbons forming without some type of biomass looks like, as on bodies such at Titan. And to add to that, are similar processes found on earth in a notable amount, or do all of our hydrocarbons form from biomass?

submitted by /u/FallenShadow1000
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Do galaxies spin like a vortex?

Posted: 01 May 2018 10:32 AM PDT

(I'm tasked with artistic license on this one) but do galaxies revolve like a vortex; faster towards the center? or is it a static 'bicycle wheel' rotation?

also if it is like a wheel, how come?

submitted by /u/zoid78
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How does the aiming work for the lunar Laser Ranging Retro-reflector experiment?

Posted: 01 May 2018 11:23 AM PDT

How are the earth-based lasers aimed for this experiment? Is it necessary to be accurate down to the precise location of where the reflector is placed on the moon? Or, is there enough beam dispersion over the long distance that you only need to be pointing generally in that direction?

submitted by /u/ButMoreToThePoint
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How Can This Paleontology Paper Be Using C14 Dating if the Longest Half-Life of any Carbon Isotope is C-14 (5,730 years)?

Posted: 01 May 2018 10:47 AM PDT

Here is the Paper.

I understand radioactive decay, but I don't understand how this paper concerning a fossil of 420 million years can use carbon dating (of any isotope) and receive accurate data.

Edit: So it seems the paper is not dating the specimen via carbon dating, but instead measuring the ratio of stable isotopes (C-12 and C-13) relative to each other. This makes more sense. Thank you all!

submitted by /u/FE21
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Do fingerprints change as you age? For instance if your fingerprinted at 5 years old will it have any similarity to your fingerprints at 20?

Posted: 01 May 2018 09:40 AM PDT

What is the speed of light in a non-inertial frame of reference?

Posted: 01 May 2018 07:17 AM PDT

I recently watched a VSauce video where they said that light travels at a constant speed for everyone as long as you aren't accelerating. So what happens when you accelerate? Does the speed of light change, and if so how can we calculate the new speed?

submitted by /u/2Gud2beHuman
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Tuesday, May 1, 2018

How Precisely Are Satellites put into orbit? Is it to the meter?

How Precisely Are Satellites put into orbit? Is it to the meter?


How Precisely Are Satellites put into orbit? Is it to the meter?

Posted: 01 May 2018 02:38 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We're a climate scientist and filmmaker with Vox exploring the melting Arctic and the impact it's having on global weather. AUA!

Posted: 01 May 2018 04:00 AM PDT

Hi /r/AskScience! I'm Jennifer Francis, a research professor at Rutgers University. I study the Arctic - how and why it's changing so fast, and how rapid Arctic warming and ice loss will likely cause more frequent extreme weather events in mid-latitudes where most of us live. Think strings of bomb cyclones, drought, heat waves, and even long cold spells.

And I'm Eli Kintisch, host/writer of Vox's THAW video series which explores the melting arctic in a series of three mini-docs. I got the chance to travel north in the middle of the Polar night on board a research vessel to share this story firsthand. We'll be on at 3 PM ET (19 UT), ask us anything!

Thanks to Vox and the /r/AskScience mods for setting this up. We'll be answering questions from the /u/vox account but signing off individually on each reply.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Are there advantages to rockets being aerodynamically shaped once they have left the atmosphere?

Posted: 01 May 2018 02:26 AM PDT

How much of a threat is space debris?

Posted: 01 May 2018 06:54 AM PDT

We keep seeing reports of how space debris is increasing continuously and yet we see new satellites being shot up daily. So is space debris that much of a threat or is it grossly overstated by the media? And if it is what can we do about it?

submitted by /u/A_confusedlover
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Being that graphene can theoretically occur naturally, would it be considered a mineral?

Posted: 01 May 2018 07:05 AM PDT

Could graphene be considered a mineral? The reason I ask is because, since graphene is harder than diamond, the Mohs Hardness Scale would have to somehow factor in graphene. Could this possibly lead to adding an 11th hardness point Why, or why not?

submitted by /u/JCWMM_
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How could hadrons containing top quark be produced?

Posted: 01 May 2018 06:34 AM PDT

I know that top quarks cannot produce hadrons because of their incredibly short lifetime.

Disregarding that; how can top quark conceivably produce hadrons, even if in bizarre conditions?

submitted by /u/88880
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Why do so many people suffering sleep paralysis experience a threatening creature or presence?

Posted: 01 May 2018 12:55 AM PDT

I've noticed that most people who experience sleep paralysis describe something that could be construed as being scared of some kind of presence in their room, be it aliens, demons, succubi, ghosts and similar. What part of the human brain makes us hallucinate this, why is it activated as we go to sleep and why does the presence almost universally seem threatening or scary? It's so common that I assume there must be some part of the brain that specifically produces this experience. For bonus points, could this part of the brain also be responsible for religious experiences, i.e. something similarly supernatural but benign rather than threatening?

submitted by /u/Yurksdude
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Why do we get vitamin D from the sun? Could we make a light that gives off vitamin D?

Posted: 01 May 2018 05:25 AM PDT

Why can't prosthetic fingers just "tie" to the muscle?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 07:18 PM PDT

From what I understand, the finger is essentially just a string pulled by the muscles in your arms. If you lost half a finger, why can't a prosthetic just have a replacement string stuck onto the remaining half of the string? You wouldn't have feeling in the finger, but it should function the same as the original.

submitted by /u/Joshless
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How did we figure out the shape of proteins and other organic compounds?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 07:23 PM PDT

How did scientists discover the true and exact shape of such tiny patterns? The structures of some biomolecules seem to be perfectly 3D scanned shapes

submitted by /u/KitKatEater
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Which region of the United States has the lowest probability of both meteorological and geological natural disasters occurring?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 08:42 PM PDT

Essentially, what region of the United States is evidently the safest place to live if you wished to avoid being hit with all the natural disasters possible in North America (including, but not limited to, volcanic, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flooding, fires, etc...)?

Obviously, nowhere is 100% completely safe and there are many other factors that can come into play in deciding this. But looking past the possible outside factors, which livable region has the lowest probability for disaster?

submitted by /u/RadiationDM
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Why does the ANS have a two-neuron pathway versus the single neuron pathway involved in the Somatic Nervous System?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 10:00 PM PDT

Are there advantages (or drawbacks) of using two neurons? Evolutionarily speaking, where did this difference arise? Also: Is there a functional difference in the preganglionic neuron being myelinated in the sympathetic system versus the ganaglionic neuron being myelinated in the parasympathetic system?

submitted by /u/brothernature487
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Why is it when a glass of waters sits out for a long period of time bubbles start to form?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 01:36 PM PDT

Do lights produce thrust?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 09:04 AM PDT

I'm at my desk pretending my flashlight is a rocket. Does it actually produce any (super tiny) thrust if I left it going from the photons it emits?

Bonus question: if the answer is yes, how big of a flashlight would I need to leave earth?

submitted by /u/ActualPasta
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Why are there weight limits on roads?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 03:57 PM PDT

Is it possible to efficiently divide our attention in two?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 10:11 AM PDT

Is it possible to think at two different things at the same time while still being efficient in what we are doing? By that I mean thinking about two complex notion like doing an algebra problem whike writing a dissertation.

Would it be possible to train our brain in doing two different things at one?

submitted by /u/Thekingiselsewhere
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[Chemistry] What is the reaction happening in my US MRE heater bags? What gas is being produced?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 11:04 AM PDT

I occasionally use US MRE when I am out on a hike or for a long day of fishing and I was wondering what was going on in there?

submitted by /u/Pwnzored1
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Where do permanent magnets get their energy from?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 11:14 AM PDT

When a permanent magnet gets close to magnetic materials like iron, it attracts that material. To move matter you need to turn some form of energy into kinetic energy, following the law of conservation of energy. Where does that energy come from in the case of permanent magnets? Do they get weaker over time?

submitted by /u/gamerscreed
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How do we know that polar bears can smell prey from 32km away?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 11:27 AM PDT

Do the put food 32km away (and clear everything beyond that radius) to see if the polar bear can smell it?

submitted by /u/Eydunsson
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Monday, April 30, 2018

Why the electron cannot be view as a spinning charged sphere?

Why the electron cannot be view as a spinning charged sphere?


Why the electron cannot be view as a spinning charged sphere?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 05:59 AM PDT

Are there any health benefits associated with sleeping on a schedule VS sleeping when you feel like it?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 01:55 AM PDT

I was listening to Matthew Walker (Neuroscientist) speak on Joe Rogan's podcast, and it got me thinking...

If someone is hypothetically in a position where they don't have any deadlines associated with their work so they just sleep whenever they're tired... For example 4 hours here, 10 hours there, 2 or 3 naps one day, more sleep than necessary the next, etc. Is that any more or less beneficial than forcing yourself into a routine that doesn't feel natural?

In other words, I understand we train children growing up to sleep according to a specific schedule, but I wonder if that is simply a product of a functioning society or if it is actually good for you physiologically? It seems like the body naturally wants to shift the cycle, and that we have to force ourselves into consistency.

submitted by /u/phpworm
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Can you get Vitamid D from a large enough fire?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 05:22 AM PDT

The sun is essentially a huge bonfire way way far away, so can a smaller fire that's closer provide us with Vitamin D?

submitted by /u/Turtlphant
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Is a 128 Gb memory stick just made up of two 64 Gb chips "glued" together or is it an entirely different technology that suddenly occupies half the space?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 08:18 AM PDT

Memory sticks are so big on comparison to the chip inside them, so I guess they could stick 10 chips in it and create the "biggest ever" memory stick rather easily...

submitted by /u/disintegrationist
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When people are in a coma, do hospital staff maintain their dental hygiene?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 03:27 PM PDT

I would imagine just like when you sleep, bacteria are still growing on your teeth. Do they wake up with a bunch of cavities?

submitted by /u/noodlelimbs
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Can extremely high-pitched sounds send compression waves through single molecules?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 03:03 AM PDT

Also the inverse question: can single molecules be made to vibrate as to produce sound?

submitted by /u/Matt-ayo
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How come we never have the red eyes effect on pictures nowadays? What changed in cameras?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 09:28 AM PDT

Does the body all die at once if the brain dies first? Or do things shut down at different times?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 04:27 PM PDT

Can I launch something small into orbit?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 08:46 PM PDT

Friend and I are starting an aeronautics and aerospace club at my school. I know you can get weather balloons ~30km up fairly easily, but is it possible to get something in orbit? at least for a little while?

submitted by /u/BeeDick
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Just watched a program about how the moon may have been formed, couple of questions in text?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 10:08 PM PDT

My take away is, BM (before moon) the Earth had a 5 hour rotation OMG right?, AM (after moon) the moon has added 19 hours to our daily rotation. 1, is the Earth still slowing down? and by how much over how much time 2. will the Earth slow down to match the moons rotation reaching a kind of equilibrium? essentially having the moon locked in one place over on the Earth? 3. or will the Earth eventually stop rotating because of the moon?, and the moon just goes around the Earth while the Earth has stopped spinning?

submitted by /u/FBIsurveillanceVan22
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How was it decided upon that there are 360 degrees in a circle? What makes a degree, a degree?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 08:52 PM PDT

After large organ removal, what, if anything, goes back in?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 06:34 PM PDT

I'm thinking specifically about when a lung is removed but I wonder the same thing about large sections of liver or intestine.

Left behind, I imagine, is a large void, nearly half your upper torso in the case of a lung. Is anything put there during surgery to fill that large void? Does it fill in naturally somehow?

submitted by /u/jordy1971
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How did the Red Rocks form in Colorado? (Red Rock Amphitheater)

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 02:58 PM PDT

Tried Wikipedia-ing it and I didn't understand half the words used.

submitted by /u/pnr32
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How does a submarime ascend and descend?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 10:50 PM PDT

What is the need of n-dimensional geometry in mathematics, with n greater than 3 ?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 02:30 PM PDT

Why don't the Appalachian mountains cause a rain shadow?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 10:23 PM PDT

Is there a reason a greenscreen has to be green? Can other colours be used?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 10:09 AM PDT

Are people with mental illnesses more likely to develop neurological diseases such as dementia and Alzheimers?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 05:57 PM PDT

How do meteors burn and dissolve in the mesosphere when its -100 C out there?

Posted: 30 Apr 2018 03:10 AM PDT

I kinda know it's because of friction, but I need some elaboration.

submitted by /u/saainte
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We think Earth has a magnetic field because of the iron in the core. But the sun and moon also have magnetic fields. What causes their magnetic fields)?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 01:50 PM PDT

Tangled Cords = Slower Speed?

Posted: 29 Apr 2018 08:34 PM PDT

If a cord is tangled, will it fractionally reduce the speed of the information travelling along it?

I imagine it would be faster to travel in a straight line than it would through knots and turns.

May be a stupid question, I'm not the best with electronics.

submitted by /u/anonathen
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