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Monday, April 23, 2018

How is it so that several (all?) mammals grow and lose a set of "baby teeth" before growing their final dentition? Why stop at two sets when other vertebrates such as sharks regenerate their teeth constantly?

How is it so that several (all?) mammals grow and lose a set of "baby teeth" before growing their final dentition? Why stop at two sets when other vertebrates such as sharks regenerate their teeth constantly?


How is it so that several (all?) mammals grow and lose a set of "baby teeth" before growing their final dentition? Why stop at two sets when other vertebrates such as sharks regenerate their teeth constantly?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 08:36 PM PDT

How does hydrogen embrittlement work?

Posted: 23 Apr 2018 04:57 AM PDT

If placed in a controlled environment, do trees that normally undergo seasonal leaf Abcission stop losing their leaves?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 03:40 PM PDT

How do our eyes avoid being commonly infected through things like rubbing our eyes or the pollutants in the air?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 04:26 PM PDT

Whats the difference between an explosive, a propellant and an accelerant?

Posted: 23 Apr 2018 12:30 AM PDT

I'm a bit confused about the differences and whether individual substances might sometimes overlap in function depending on how they're used or if perhaps some are subcategories of another.

submitted by /u/infamousnexus
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Would it be possible to have a ball of electrons?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 11:14 PM PDT

Forgive me i have no way to phrase that doesnt make me sound uneducated. Im working on writing a story for another thread, r/HFY and this as an idea for"faster than light travel"

Obviously I'm no scientist, but like I said I'm just trying to slap some science into my story.

Would it be possible to contain electrons without a neutron or proton to bond to, in one mass? Enough of them perhaps that this mass, would have it's own gravitational pull.

Further more what happens if an object were to be pulled continuously into this gravity? Would it just continue accelerating or is there a cut off point?

submitted by /u/FaultlessBark
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Does Ocean Salinity Drop During/After a Rainstorm?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 11:05 PM PDT

I was listening to the "Water's Not Wet" guy, and it got me thinking. The ocean may not "get wet" but rainwater and ocean water are very different in composition. The ocean is salt water and rain is fresh water (or at least has less salinity than the ocean). So my question is this: Does the salinity of the surface of the ocean drop during/after a rainstorm? If so, by how much, and how deep? (Obviously, the bottom of the ocean wouldn't be affected much/quickly by rain at the surface.) Is this something that can be measured, and has it been?

If it doesn't change much, is it due to the fact that the ocean is so large that a rainstorm's worth of water won't affect the salinity, even locally?

submitted by /u/AdmiralMemo
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Statistical Regression: Why don't we care about the t-stat / p-value for the intercept term ?

Posted: 23 Apr 2018 12:40 AM PDT

For doing linear regressions, we do care about the t-stat/p-value for coefficients for the independent variables because we would like to see if the estimated coefficients are significantly different from zero.

From what I have heard, we don't care much if the t-stat/p-value for the constant/intercept term indicates that the estimated value of the intercept is not significantly different than zero.

Why exactly is this though? The value of the intercept is still used in our regression formula, so wouldn't we care about its value too? (Not sure if this is the appropriate question to ask?)

Thanks!

submitted by /u/MAIRJ23
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Do nocturnal animals prefer sleeping conditions that are dimly lit or bright in contrast to humans which prefer dark conditions?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 09:57 AM PDT

How for down into the mantle do we have to go before the temperature is hotter than the surface?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 08:55 PM PDT

Is this depth consistent at all latitudes?

submitted by /u/iarrrrpirate
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Would objects orbiting Earth, such as space debris, satellites, the ISS, be hot or cold to the touch?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 02:14 PM PDT

Either way, how hot or cold would the object be that has been orbiting Earth for years?

submitted by /u/WeslyCrushrsBuffant
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Are women born with all their eggs?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 05:18 PM PDT

I've always been told that women are born with a set number of eggs and once they run out they're gone. Recently I've also heard that this isn't true. So, are women born with all their eggs? Do we know for sure?

If you could link any articles of studies that would be great!

submitted by /u/RigbyAtNight
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How can we tell if someone we can’t see is shouting from far away or whispering close to us?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 12:41 PM PDT

Ignoring echo from being in a room how do we know.

submitted by /u/bobby_blobby
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How do phones keep cool with small heatsinks and no fans?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 10:16 AM PDT

[Medicine] What leads a body to reject or accept donated organs?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 11:53 AM PDT

Why are shadows casted from objects more crisp depending on how far the object is from the ground?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 11:50 AM PDT

If the human body has evolved over millions of years to swell up in response to an injury, why are we instructed to apply ice to prevent our evolutionary swelling response?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 04:14 AM PDT

How does a train engine, pulling miles of cars and many tons of load, get enough traction to actually move everything?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 08:33 AM PDT

What are public and private keys and what do they do for a server when transferring information?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 05:02 PM PDT

What is the shape of a transmissions wave? Can this shape be changed? Can motion significantly affect the shape?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 10:55 PM PDT

This is probably in both the physics department. Consider a perfectly straight line separating point A and B. The line is significantly lengthy, but not infinite. There is a car that will travel from A, to B, carrying a transmitter emitting a microwave. I'm automatically assuming that the transmission of the car, while stationary, is perfectly spherical.

However, when the car starts moving forward what happens to the shape?

  1. Does the shape of the transmission's microwave be cone shaped with the tip of the cone being the car itself and the widest base of the cone be point A?

  2. Let's introduce a new point, C. As the car moves forward, so does C. Point C can be anywhere ahead of the car. If you are at point C, how would you observe the shape of the microwave? Would it look like a cone to you? Or a perfect sphere with the car at it's center?

For the sake of this terribly worded exercise, please assume the car can move very fast, just not faster than the speed of light. Basically, what is the shape of a microwave, and does motion affect it?

submitted by /u/Xerxys
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Are there earthquakes in other planets?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 09:08 PM PDT

Why wouldn't they be? What makes our planet so special to have tectonic plaques that produce earthquakes? Or is that why there are not earthquakes in space, as there is nowhere their earth or, whatever their soil is made of, move?

Maybe this is a very stupid question, but I guess... why wouldn't they be?

submitted by /u/Poch391
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Why don’t we sneeze in our sleep?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 11:00 AM PDT

Studies have shown that small movements in the throat occur during an internal dialogue--does that happen when music plays in your head, too?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 04:28 AM PDT

The movements are similar to the ones used during speech and even certain parts of the brain are active both during the internal dialogue and speaking (IIRC).

But what about the music that plays in your head? Be it some earworm or a personal favorite, most people have music in their head at one time or another throughout the day. Does the same activity in the brain and throat occur with the music and the vocals? What about the memories of someone speaking?

submitted by /u/WadeEffingWilson
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Sunday, April 22, 2018

How does a master key work?

How does a master key work?


How does a master key work?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 03:45 AM PDT

Why does sunburnt skin feel hot to the touch?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 03:42 PM PDT

Been sunny in the uk and ouch

submitted by /u/thelongpartofaspoon
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When you shake up a carbonated drink, where does the pressure go once it’s ‘settled’?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 06:43 PM PDT

What makes people see tennis balls as either yellow or green?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 05:15 AM PDT

I talked to a friend and we came to different conclusions as to what color a tennis ball is. How come there is a difference at all?

I first assumed it was like the dress but there was only ever one photo with questionable background while pretty much everyone of us has seen a tennis ball in more than one occasion and context.

submitted by /u/bluefirex
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Air molecules travel at 1000 mph. Can we harness that kinetic energy?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 12:27 AM PDT

Air molecules are travelling at around 1000 mph at room temperature. Why is it not possible to harness all that kinetic energy to produce electricity?

I guess the answer is that for every molecule travelling in one direction, there is another travelling in the opposite direction. Could a structure be designed to trap more energy from molecules travelling in one particular direction? Eg nano-scale V shapes. Air molecules hitting the top of the V would have to bounce back out again, imparting a lot of energy. Molecules hitting the underside would only need a small deflection, imparting less, leading to a downward force on the V.

submitted by /u/Freeewheeler
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Do mental illnesses run in families? Will they be the same mental illness or can they vary between each offspring?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 10:32 PM PDT

How were the subduction zones discovered and observed?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 05:30 PM PDT

In my chemistry class yesterday we learned about the pathlength of gas molecules in a gas at STP. What is the pathlength of interstellar hydrogen? What about the intergalactic medium?

Posted: 22 Apr 2018 12:09 AM PDT

What factors affect the orbit of our sun around the galaxy?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 03:30 PM PDT

Our solar system circles the milky way, but it also "bops" up and down in relation to the plane of the (mostly flat) galaxy. Are we orbiting something massive besides the galactic center of mass? Or are we "oscillating" back and forth through a stable position, destines to come to a rest at some point in the future? Is the current consensus that this movement has some effect on our climate or the risk of impact from celestial objects, or that it is mostly meaningless?

submitted by /u/OlfertFischer
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Why do images on a monitor become negtive when viewed from a certain angle?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 01:05 PM PDT

How far in advance can we predict a major tectonic event?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 02:54 PM PDT

Is it even possible to guess based off other events that have happened?

submitted by /u/Nemnexous
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What kind of PRNG algorithm(s) are used by supercomputers running simulations for things like weather modeling or orbital dynamics?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 08:25 PM PDT

For a specific example, what do ECMWF use in their tropical cyclone simulations? Or, amm I totally off base thinking these simulations need the speed of a PRNG?

submitted by /u/WildWildSouth
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In many-worlds interpretation, when exactly branchings happen?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 11:25 PM PDT

According to my youtube-video-level understanding of M-W, the universe splits each time particles interact, forming ever growing tree of branches. But isn't the concept of simultaneity undefined in special relativity, making it impossible to form tree with clearly ordered branches? Also, isn't the concept of "particles interacting" just a special case of continuous wave functions interacting? So how do we define branching when every wave function interacts with every other wavefunction, to different degrees, at each moment?

submitted by /u/NotGonnaCooment
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Are there physical or practical limits to how much power batteries can store in a given amount of space?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 07:21 PM PDT

Why doesn't concentration affect the rate constant?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 02:47 PM PDT

From the arrhenius equation, it seems the A (or frequency factor) is partially describing the frequency of collisions. Wouldn't A increase with an increasing number of one or both of the reactants?

submitted by /u/readlock
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How is fuel efficiency defined?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 11:17 PM PDT

Hello community,

I am not a physicist by background but I like to learn. I have always been confused by the concept of fuel efficiency. How is it defined? On one side, I feel that it can be described as how many miles per gallon a vehicle can travel but then I get asked why isn't it the amount of horsepower or torque that can extracted from the fuel.

I can say "Hey Mazda is pretty fuel efficient as they can use 2.0 liter engine and give you 35 mpg" but what about "hey my Mitsubishi evo X can product 800 hp from a 2.0 liter engine" .

To me, they both hold fair arguments. However, I would to ask experts what fuel efficiency is? Is it defined as an equation of horsepower/torque or is it defined as an equation of distance traveled? Why?

Thanks

submitted by /u/SkynetGenisys
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How does a catalyst affect activation energy?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 08:48 AM PDT

I have seen diagrams of catalysts which hold molecules in place so that they are in the correct orientation for reactions to occur but my textbook says that they provide a alternative route which lowers activation energy.

Does that mean orientation is factored into activation energy or are they separate things?

If so how do catalysts reduce activation energy? Does it do with the way they deform the electron shells of a molecule?

submitted by /u/PocketCharacter
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How often do collisions in LEO happen?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 09:05 AM PDT

The humanity has been sending quite an amount of satellites, space shuttles etc. to the Earths orbit for the past ~60 years and from my understanding the LEO (Low Earth Orbit) is getting quite crowded by lost satellites, parts of shuttles and smaller debris.

My question is: How often do collisions between currently operational satellites and the ISS happen and how impactful are they?

As a side question, If we somehow created a device that could pull all the unwanted debris towards Earth to burn up in the atmosphere, how impactful would the emissions be on the Earth/would we even notice?

submitted by /u/TaZjec
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Why is majority of the world right-handed?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 06:28 AM PDT

Just curious about this, there must be some explanation, right?

submitted by /u/Alsttr
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Why does the United States generally have a colder climate than most of Western Europe despite being at the same lattitude, and some parts even being further south?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 01:48 AM PDT

Do bees have spatial memory when foraging for food?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 01:33 AM PDT

Hi all

Background - ok my wife found a bumble bee looking docile in the house so she fed it some honey, the bee perked up and flew out of the house.

Now we've had what we think is the same bee fly into our house 3 days in a row and each time fly to same spot in the house where she fed the bee honey - presumably to look for the honey.

So my question is - do bees have memory of locations for food or is it entirely pheromone based?

EDIT: i'm surprised to not see a nature flair to add to this post.

submitted by /u/mitchanium
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Saturday, April 21, 2018

How does sunscreen stop you from getting burnt?

How does sunscreen stop you from getting burnt?


How does sunscreen stop you from getting burnt?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 06:23 AM PDT

Is there something in sunscreen that stops your skin from burning? How is it different from other creams etc?

submitted by /u/L-Bread
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How are drugs like antidepressants (who’s effects aren’t immediately apparent) developed?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 10:35 AM PDT

It can take weeks for antidepressants to take effect. How did researchers know to try these substances for depression? We're they being tested for something else and they noticed participants mood improved after a few weeks?

EDIT: Should be "whose" not "who's" in post title

submitted by /u/GrassAndKitties
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How do spacewalking astronauts get rid of body heat and CO2 they generate?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 06:48 PM PDT

Why does the space shuttle's transonic transition end so abruptly (see linked video)?

Posted: 21 Apr 2018 03:30 AM PDT

In this video from 1:13 to 1:22 you can see the cloudy turbulence as the shuttle's velocity climbs through the speed of sound. I understand that it would commence quickly as the "sound barrier" is breached. What surprised me was how abruptly that transition stopped. Why?

submitted by /u/ModelMagician
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How does the mind make up a physical feeling you've never experienced before while dreaming? For example, a virgin having a wet dream or having a foot amputated?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 07:11 PM PDT

How do we know the composition of Earth's core?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 07:33 PM PDT

Why does alcohol kill bacteria?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 10:29 AM PDT

Why is the output power greater than the input power for a microwave?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 10:12 AM PDT

On the technical specifications of a microwave it rates the output power at 1000W but the input power is only 850W; how is this possible? Power Information

submitted by /u/greenfrogs365
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When can you consoder a organism dead?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 01:02 PM PDT

Let's seperate organisms into some categories; Bacteria, Plants and Animals...

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Zequr0
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Is chemical rocket exhaust usually a plasma?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 07:33 PM PDT

Does hydraulic fracturing contribute to increased seismic activity(earthquakes) and how likely is it for the mix of chemicals+water ,that are used to displace the shale, to contaminate wells and body’s of water?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 09:45 AM PDT

Why do car wheels look like they're rolling backward when moving fast?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 12:37 PM PDT

Why do 3 polarising filters, at certain angles, allow some light through when two are at right-angles?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 03:37 PM PDT

Does everything rotate in space? If so, why?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 02:17 PM PDT

Why don't lakes with streams flowing into other lakes eventually completely drain into the other lake?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 07:04 PM PDT

My girlfriend and I were having a heated conversation about this, she said that there has to be some sort of "natural springs beneath the lake keeping it full"and I told her that it keeps full of water because of water cycle.

submitted by /u/Scott_Meacham
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How do plants react to opiates? If I were to, say, use fentanyl as fertilizer, would the plant die? And what about other popular types of drugs, such as coke?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 03:10 PM PDT

Do animals have a really good sense of time or is it confirmation bias by humans?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 10:19 AM PDT

I just saw a post on reddit about a neighbor's dog that supposedly meets the OP at a fence every morning before they go to work and it reminded me how my sister's dog would almost always sit at our front door waiting for my sister to walk in after school. It was always around the same time and really seemed to be almost every day. So do animals, even ones that are kept indoors mostly, have a pretty accurate sense of time or is it just that humans know time well so we just attribute the couple times we see this as them having a good sense of time?

submitted by /u/Revenant221
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What is the difference between an imaginary friend and a hallucination? What about Tulpas?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 08:14 AM PDT

What defines an “oil”?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 05:33 AM PDT

We have so many types of oil: hair, skin, coconut, petrol, canola, etc. Is there something that they have in common chemically, aside from being liquid?

submitted by /u/krani
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a spider learns to build a net from other spiders or is it instinct ?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 02:04 PM PDT

Is it more energy efficient to put cold water in a kettle, or hot water?

Posted: 20 Apr 2018 09:54 AM PDT

Is it more energy efficient to use water the a hot water heater has already warmed? Or does it take less energy to use cold water and use a kettle to bring it to boiling temperature.

submitted by /u/flibbityandflobbity
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