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Saturday, March 31, 2018

As a high speed charged particle crosses the event horizon of a black hole, what happens to its magnetic field?

As a high speed charged particle crosses the event horizon of a black hole, what happens to its magnetic field?


As a high speed charged particle crosses the event horizon of a black hole, what happens to its magnetic field?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 06:09 AM PDT

What is the matchstick's head made up of ? And how does the chemical reaction proceed in lighting the match ?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 06:47 AM PDT

[Astronomy] How busy is a satellite like Hubble? Does it have downtime or is it scheduled 100%?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 01:34 PM PDT

Curious how telescopes are utilized and at what capacity, is there downtime or is it constantly being used?

Sorry in advance if the formatting is wrong, im on Alien Blue and have no idea how to categorize.

submitted by /u/dammitkarissa
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The nearest star is a little over 4 light years away. Do we know of any solar systems with neighbors that are very close to each other (relative to our proximity with Proxima Centauri)?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 04:38 PM PDT

What exactly makes a standard insulator 'topologically equivalent' to the vacuum?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 11:36 PM PDT

I've been trying to better understand topological insulators, and one thing that I really struggle with is the idea that a standard insulator is topologically equivalent to the vacuum.

Here is my understanding so far:

2 states are topologically equivalent if we can imagine changing the Hamiltonian from one into the other without removing the band gap.

If we consider the Hamiltonian H_k1 of an insulator, there is a way in which we can change the periodic potential from the atoms in the crystal to smoothly transform it into any other insulating H_k2. So for example to change from diamond to Si we could simply space the atoms further apart, and change the potential from each atom. I think that makes sense.

In terms of changing it to the vacuum, does this correspond to removing the periodic potential entirely? Because it's my understanding that the band gap arises because of the periodic potential, so removing it would destroy the band gap, meaning we no longer have a topologically equivalent phase.

All I have been able to find online are some hand-wavy explanations about Dirac calling the vacuum an insulator, but I'm interested in what we actually change about the Hamiltonian to arrive at the vacuum from an insulating state.

submitted by /u/redditferdays
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Why is the climate of the intermountain west region of America so varied?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 01:38 AM PDT

If you look at a Köppen climate classification map of the world you'll see that it's mostly constant with large swaths of land and rarely begins to vary.

An example of the map having lots of variation within a small concentration I've noticed is in the intermountain west (where I live). I kind of wonder why.

I do have one idea. Based upon my fairly standard education of geography my hypothesis would incorporate two things that would cause the intermountain west to have a varied climate.

  1. Variation in altitude
  2. The intermountain west consisting of largely desert

Is my assumption correct or is there way more to it than I know?

Thoughts please.

submitted by /u/Jack_Jerman
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When lightning hits a body of water does it instantly kill the bacteria in the area it hit?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 01:14 PM PDT

How are telescopes and space observatories arranged at the L2 Lagrangian point so they do not interfere with each other?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 03:57 PM PDT

Why do metabolisms slow down with age?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 08:47 PM PDT

Why could I eat whatever the hell I wanted until 30, and now I have to be selective?

submitted by /u/Leeecha
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Why do astronauts lose bone mass in space?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 05:32 PM PDT

How do slushy machines keep the drink in slushy form?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 01:00 PM PDT

Is it possible to have an Earth-rise on the moon?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 04:05 PM PDT

If you were to stand on the moon, would you be able to witness the the Earth "rise" on the horizon?

submitted by /u/wkirisits
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Suppose we shoot a charged particle down the axis of a solenoid with a magnetic field. It will spiral around the lines of the field, therefore generating its own co-axial magnetic field. Is the new field directed against the solenoid field or along it?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 12:42 PM PDT

Why did nuclear tests 'Bluestone' and 'Housatonic' have small fireballs surrounding the main fireballs?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 07:22 PM PDT

Here are the links to what im seeing... 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLP5EJkCZiQ&ab_channel=SmithWesson' and 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_jFQw78uzo&ab_channel=LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory'

See the small fire balls that surround the main fire ball? Why is that happening ? Second side question is why does it seem that Housatonic last so long?

submitted by /u/digitaldulphin
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Why is it that with pixels on a screen the colors red, green, and blue are used rather than the primary red, yellow, and blue?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 05:31 PM PDT

Why does the depolarisation of a section of a neurone triggers the depolarisation of the next section?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 09:55 PM PDT

Do the jet streams themselves MOVE air masses, or are they just the identifiable boundary between two air masses?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 10:55 PM PDT

I've tried looking this up everywhere and I've gotten nothing but the same explanation over and over again. No one can actually tell me if jet streams are just an INDICATOR of a boundary between two different air masses, or if they actually push air masses around.

submitted by /u/blackjack_oak
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Why can't we fry stuff in substances like water, as opposed to frying them in oil?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 09:06 PM PDT

Are there a class of substances which cannot be used to fry?

How are these different from oils in this context?

submitted by /u/sinister_isomer
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Does a Body in Rotation Lose Energy Over Time?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 06:43 PM PDT

So, as is common knowledge from Newton's first law: a body in motion tends to stay in motion until acted upon by an external force. Something that is moving in a linear path continues along a linear path due to inertia until an external force causes it to change in direction or speed (velocity).

One thing that has always made me wonder is does a rotating object lose energy over time because of the non-linear motion of its constituent matter? Particles in a rotating mass are constantly changing direction. Changing direction makes me think changing velocity, makes me think changing momentum...

I want to think not, because the planets have been rotating for billions of years, but they also have huge moments of inertia due to their immense size and mass. So I don't think that's the entire picture.

I am going to finish my BS in mechanical engineering here in about five weeks, and it's been something that I've always thought about from my first physics classes, through dynamics and on.

So with that, I'm looking forward to whatever responses and discussion you guys and gals put up!

submitted by /u/TankerD18
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Does a rock being dropped into water make a different sound depending on depth?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 08:48 PM PDT

Will a rock dropping into 1 foot depth of water sound different than 4 feet and different at 10? Let's say the rock is 10 inches by 4 inches by 4 inches.

submitted by /u/itsgreekpete
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Do astronauts catch colds, or other viruses?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 05:21 PM PDT

Do astronauts catch colds? Or is it incredibly sterile in space, keeping them mostly healthy?

submitted by /u/nvwino
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What determines the brittleness or flexibility of a metal?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 06:08 PM PDT

Why is steel able to bend and return to its previous shape unlike cast iron?

submitted by /u/SloppyFlopper
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Why can't we see distant stars during the day?

Posted: 31 Mar 2018 02:46 AM PDT

Friday, March 30, 2018

In this pic of Mercury, what is the giant flat plain? This is the only picture of Mercury showing this plain and I cannot find any information on it.

In this pic of Mercury, what is the giant flat plain? This is the only picture of Mercury showing this plain and I cannot find any information on it.


In this pic of Mercury, what is the giant flat plain? This is the only picture of Mercury showing this plain and I cannot find any information on it.

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 05:51 PM PDT

Why do the names of most elements end in "ium"?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 05:11 PM PDT

Was looking at a periodic table recently and noticed most end in "ium." I knew a lot did, but I didn't realise just how many.

submitted by /u/sammiali04
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Do dogs have a dominant paw?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:57 PM PDT

How do surgeons prevent internal bleeding when removing organs?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 04:41 PM PDT

If presented with a Random Number Generator that was (for all intents and purposes) truly random, how long would it take for it to be judged as without pattern and truly random?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 06:47 AM PDT

Why is it so hard to determine where and when the Tiangong-1, and other space debris, will fall to Earth?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 06:08 AM PDT

What would happen if we split a proton or electron?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 02:59 PM PDT

Would it give off energy like when you split an atom?

submitted by /u/RedundantWalnut
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How do our eyes get tricked into seeing a mirage?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 03:05 AM PDT

I'd like to know the physics behind mirages, but also if they are partly due to some limitations in our vision. If so, are there any animals who evolved their sight to distinguish a mirage from a real lake?

submitted by /u/what_shall_we_do_now
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What is the purpose of cutting flower stems at an angle before putting them in a vase?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 07:16 PM PDT

It seems like I was told this when I was a kid, and I still continue to do it. Is it just an aesthetic thing or does it have a point?

submitted by /u/xlizabeth
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What determines if an organ is a new, prior-to unknown one, or part of an existing one?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 03:24 AM PDT

The recent news of the new 'discovery' of the interstitium got me wondering: why is it being called a 'new organ'? Why is it not simply a part of the lymphatic system, since it seems to contain lymph anyway?

More generally, what are the criteria for something being an 'organ' rather than just 'part of an organ'?

More specifically, why is the interstitium a new organ and yet the brain's newly discovered sewage system is part of the lymphatic system?

submitted by /u/fp_
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Can someone please help me understand Feynman’s explanation of reversible and non-reversible machines regarding perpetual motion? Link in text.

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 07:02 AM PDT

4.2

I think I'm getting lost around the part where he says that Y can not be higher than X and goes into proving so by making Y higher than X. Or maybe I'm not understanding further back.

submitted by /u/JAGarcia92
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Why do some objects melt then boil while some objects burn when heat is applied to it?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 02:47 AM PDT

Does the habitable zone around a star get larger as the star's size increases?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 02:16 PM PDT

e.g. our suns habitable zone starts at 0.95 a.u. and ends at 1.37 a.u. giving a range of 0.42 a.u. Question being do larger stars have a larger range?

submitted by /u/Gsizzle22
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When you die does it take time for all your cells to die too? Do any cells survive after our death?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:35 PM PDT

Also what happens to other organisms we carry like gut bacterias?

submitted by /u/dasvenson
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There is a new organ now? How? Is it “new” or was just discovered now? What does it do?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 10:14 PM PDT

In the OBAFGKM scale, O class stars are blue. Shouldn't they be white if things get whiter as they get hotter?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 05:24 PM PDT

How do you link to GND on a ship ?

Posted: 30 Mar 2018 03:20 AM PDT

For a national grid, how soon after electricity is generated is it consumed?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 11:40 AM PDT

Is there much storage in a national grid or is it produced almost on demand over vast areas?

submitted by /u/payne747
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How come light traveling across the universe/galaxy is not affected by the sources from which it was emitted?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:28 PM PDT

To provide some further insight, a photon is emitted from a star, and this star has gravity. The light from the photon is moving fast enough to escape the gravity. But if this photon comes close to a black hole, it can be warped and bent around it, or captured into it by crossing the event horizon. So we know that gravity can effect light; then would not gravity from the things behind the photon (that is, things from the point where the photon was emitted) have some kind of pull on the photon, slowing it down? I guess another way to state this is, if the event horizon of a black hole can alter the course/speed of a photon, why can't galaxies and stars 'pull' on photons and cause their speed to slow down over huge distances?

submitted by /u/wheatthin92
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How do scientists know the gender of a human fossil based only on the skull?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 02:36 PM PDT

How do computers handle numbers larger than what it can compute?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:57 PM PDT

For example, my pc is 64 bits, but I can so operations larger than 250,000. So if it can only compute 64 bit numbers, how can it do operations on numbers much larger the 64 bit integer limit.

submitted by /u/Dhhoyt2002
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What decides where a malignant tumor is most likely to metastasize?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:09 PM PDT

Why do some thyroid tumors very rarely metastasize via lymph vessels and prefer hematogenic spreading, for example?

submitted by /u/3288266430
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Is there a way to estimate thermal properties of theoretical alloys?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 05:33 PM PDT

I am currently working on a project that involves many metals melting and reforming into a solid. It made me wonder if there would be a way to estimate the new thermal properties such as conductivity of the new material. I originally tried a simple weighted average of the conductivities, but when comparing that known alloys it is an extremely poor estimation. I have found a lot of papers that propose methods for finding conductivities of alloys made up of two metals, but I am working with potentially much more. I was wondering if there was a way to estimate the conductivity of the new alloy or at least put bounds on it. Sorry if this is a simple question i have almost no experience with material science.

submitted by /u/Broakertoaster
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Thursday, March 29, 2018

How does something as temporary as a human footprint get preserved for more than 10,000 years?

How does something as temporary as a human footprint get preserved for more than 10,000 years?


How does something as temporary as a human footprint get preserved for more than 10,000 years?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:40 AM PDT

https://nyti.ms/2Gw13VV

Archaeologists have found human footprints that are 13,000 years old. How do footprints get preserved?

submitted by /u/flubbergrubbery
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How sure are we that Proxima Centauri is indeed gravitationally bound to the Alpha Centauri binary pair?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:22 AM PDT

So therefore what are the odds that it is not?

submitted by /u/IshtarJack
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What makes pop rocks, "pop" when in your mouth?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 05:03 AM PDT

How do scientists know how much dark matter a galaxy has or doesn't have?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 10:46 PM PDT

What’s the difference between white ice and clear ice?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 09:06 PM PDT

I realized I left my water bottle in the freezer too long, and all of it came out frozen. However, the ice in the middle of the cup was completely white and very opaque, while it was surrounded by clear ice like I'm used to. Is there a reason for this?

submitted by /u/NearlyEvil667
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Dark Energy makes up ~68.3% of the mass-energy of the universe today. Was it different a few billion years ago?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 05:35 PM PDT

I've seen lots of places describe the distribution of matter and energy in the universe to be:

68.3% Dark Energy

26.8% Dark Matter

4.9% Ordinary Matter

But I haven't been able to find anywhere that talks about whether that has changed over time.

Followup question: We know the universe is expanding in size, does that mean the overall density of the universe is decreasing, or does the total mass increase too?

submitted by /u/Gibybo
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How are giant highway bridges built?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 06:57 AM PDT

What's the general process of building it and how do they manage to stretch those huge structures over large amounts of land?

submitted by /u/Bluebushes
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Is there a list of delayed neutron isotopes?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 08:10 AM PDT

Traditionally, delayed neutrons are listed into 6 groups by decay time.

I'm having some difficulties finding information about how many different fission isotopes emit delayed neutrons. Is there a list somewhere, maybe in a paper?

(Sorry about such a narrow, relatively high level, and uninteresting question.)

submitted by /u/OmnipotentEntity
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In the brain of a deaf,blind, or mute person is the brain in the areas used to control those functions "dead" or are they used elsewhere?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 09:12 AM PDT

Why do some infections confer immunity and not others?

Posted: 29 Mar 2018 01:46 AM PDT

How does the Higgs boson generate mass through interactions with other particles?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 08:03 PM PDT

Does the language we speak affect how we hear/perceive animal sounds?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 02:31 PM PDT

Does ice get harder as it gets colder?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 07:27 AM PDT

Do other species have “early birds” and “night owls,” or is this a uniquely human/ primate trait?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 04:08 PM PDT

Can man made elements be created naturally somewhere in the universe?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 02:15 PM PDT

What’s happening in the brain when someone gets intoxicated or tipsy? What causes people to do stupid things whilst drunk/tipsy?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 09:04 AM PDT

What are non-antibiotic alternatives to low dose doxycycline with similar anti-inflammatory mechanism of action?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 08:39 PM PDT

I keep hearing that we’re “running out of sand.” Is there not an abundance of sand in the dunes of the Middle East and Africa? Why can’t we use this sand as opposed to beach sand?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 08:01 PM PDT

Why does only the nasal portion of the optic nerve decussate at the optic chiasm? Or is this not the case in all animals?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 09:54 AM PDT

How does quantum entanglement imply “spooky action at a distance”?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 06:04 PM PDT

I've heard people describe quantum entanglement in terms of two entangled particles. Even when separated by a great distance the act of observing characteristics of one particle "instantly" determines characteristics of it's entangled counterpart. I've heard this described as "spooky action at a distance" (I believe this is an Einstein quote).

As a point of comparison, imagine I flip a coin and write down the result (say, heads) on one price of paper, and the opposite of that result (tails) on another. Then shuffle the two pieces of paper and I put each in its own envelope and mail them to two different places. With an understanding of the setup, one recipient could open their envelope and "instantaneously" know the state of the other piece of paper. But it seems like a bold claim to say that there was some sort of action at a distance between the two envelopes or that the act of opening one envelope enacted some kind of influence on the other.

In what way is quantum entanglement different than this?

submitted by /u/5thMo
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How do scientists determine the gravitational pull of exoplanets?

Posted: 28 Mar 2018 11:16 AM PDT