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Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Why is the background smooth in IBM in atoms?

Why is the background smooth in IBM in atoms?


Why is the background smooth in IBM in atoms?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 03:28 PM PST

In this picture it says the background consists of "a substrate of chilled crystal of nickel" but why isn't this background also a bunch of individual atoms? Why is it smooth?

submitted by /u/alphaindy
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Are fighter aircraft noticeably "weighed-down" by their armaments?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 05:33 AM PST

Say a fighter pilot gets into a combat situation, and they end up dropping all their missiles/bombs/etc, how does that affect the performance of the aircraft? Can the jet fly faster or maneuver better without their loaded weaponry? Can a pilot actually "feel" a difference while flying? I guess I'm just interested in payload dynamics as it applies to fighter jets.

submitted by /u/Marcus_Nutticus
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Do plastic water bottles leech toxins from the plastic into the water?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 04:55 PM PST

Why is there a tidal bulge on the side of the Earth facing away from the moon?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 04:03 AM PST

There are two high tides per day, but we face the moon only once. Even when there is a new moon and the sun and moon are aligned in the sky, there are still two tides per day. How?

submitted by /u/fuccimama79
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What is the most recent opinion on artificial sweeteners and health?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:50 AM PST

I have heard mixed opinions on whether or not artificial sweeteners are better or worse than refined sugars. I have seen some literature stating that sweeteners increased cancer risk in rodents, but other research denouncing this due to different organ models in the rodents relative to primates.

Is anyone up to date on this field?

submitted by /u/dielawn87
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Why does an algae bloom deplete disolved oxygen in the ocean and why doesnt it add oxygen through photosynthesis?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 02:06 AM PST

How do SONAR systems actually produce such loud noises?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 02:02 AM PST

It seems incredible that such a small device is capable of producing noise up to, what, 235 decibels?

How in the world is this possible?

submitted by /u/Uncharmful-
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If a person kicked off from the ISS towards the surface of the Earth, would they ever actually fall to Earth or just stay in a slightly more elliptical orbit?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 12:19 AM PST

Why are most studies on retinal ganglion cells done on salamanders?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 04:41 AM PST

Is there any reason why we haven't built permanent habitats in the ocean?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:14 PM PST

I was curious if there was something stopping our technology or there's a reason we're opting to build on other planets before building homes under the water?

submitted by /u/HarmoniousJ
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Are there any astronomical or physical terms beginning with X other than X-Ray?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 02:06 PM PST

I'm writing an A-to-Z children's book about astronomy (A is for Asteroid, etc.), and I'd really like to use something more interesting or at least creative than X is for X-Ray. Thanks! =D

submitted by /u/Acoustic_Colton
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How do I address +19 Exabytes of data?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:17 PM PST

Technically a computer science question. Currently our computing systems I'm aware of are based on a 64 bit architecture and the maximum 64 bit number is just under 18.5 Quintillion. Based on my understanding that means there'd be a theoretical limit to address space identifiers at the same level.

1.) Is my assertion correct that a 64-bit architecture cannot address beyond 18.5 quintillion storage bytes?

2.) Are there beyond 64-bit architectures that may eventually be deployed large-scale?

3.) Does anyone even care? Apparently to generate that much data the human race needs to exist for a few more centuries yet.

submitted by /u/DNGTA
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How do convection currents affect how plates move?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 09:42 PM PST

This is partly to help my 8th grade son. He uses an "interactive notebook" which is the biggest piece of crap I have ever seen. The teacher puts random notes in the notebook without anything that clearly explains anything.

This is not to be confused with how heat affects density, causing the heat to move up and then down (a separate concept that is clear).

His science notes state the following:

(1) "Rising convection currents cause plates to separate";

(2) "Sinking convection currents cause plates to converge".

His notes also say that:

(3) convergent convection currents cause convergent boundaries and;

(4) divergent convection currents cause divergent boundaries.

It seems to me that (1) works with (3) and (4) to either separate or converge plates (not just separate). However, (2) does not make any sense to me at all.

Are (1) and (2) correct? If so, how? The whole premise of tectonic plate movement is that the plates move and create boundaries based on the convection currents. If the convection currents sink, how can they affect the plates? If the convection rises, why would it only separate plates? What if the convection currents are converging or moving toward each other?

Does everything else seem to align correctly as proposed? It makes sense to me that the plates act like they are on a "conveyor belt", and that 2 conveyor belts can drive the plates together (collision) or apart (separation) depending on which direction the conveyors are running.

Or what are we not understanding here?

submitted by /u/goodbrews
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Is it possible for a planet to have a ring system which is highly eccentric?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 11:29 PM PST

Say a planet captured a large body in a highly eccentric orbit which brought it close enough to the planet for tidal forces to rip it apart. Would the resulting debris maintain its orbit and produce a large elliptical ring? Or will the individual movements of the debris work to circularize/destroy the ring?

submitted by /u/BasiliskXVIII
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What Affects the Bohr Radius?

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 06:58 AM PST

The title explains itself. I've been told the number of electrons is the factor that reduces/increases the Bohr Radius, but I've also been told the same but protons instead of electrons. The no. of electrons seems to make the most sense, since the more/less electrons, the more/less energy needed to hold on to the electrons. Can someone confirm this for me? Thanks!

submitted by /u/DingleberrySmithChan
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Can someone please explain to me what the northern lights actually are? I saw them recently and tried to google what causes them, but I couldn't get my head round it at all.

Posted: 06 Mar 2018 12:57 AM PST

Does light have an amplitude?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:58 PM PST

I've taken a few university-level physics courses, so I feel like I should know the answer to this. Shorter-wavelengths are associated with "higher energy" when talking about light, such as X-, Gamma-, or UV-rays.

When we talk about waves in other media (such as sound), we talk about not only the wavelength, but the amplitude. In sound, the wavelength affects the pitch but the amplitude affects the volume. Is there something similar with light? I've sort of been working under the impression that you can't have different amplitudes of light, and that light intensity is based on the density of photons emitted, not the properties of the photons themselves.

submitted by /u/nikstick22
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Is the heat energy that we get from the sun just from Photons?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 08:34 AM PST

Why are we told to drink fluids when we have the flu?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 02:20 PM PST

How does the body generate heat?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 09:27 AM PST

In solar fusion, when two hydrogen atoms fuse into helium, where does the neutron come from?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 01:12 PM PST

I know with manmade fusion reactions, deuterium and tritium are used for greater yield partly due to having neutrons.

submitted by /u/aschesklave
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Can you use a volumetric pipette in space?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 06:10 PM PST

So we were doing a chemistry lab and the question comes up, how would astronauts pipette in space? Is there like a zero-g micropipette or Pasteur pipette? If not then how would you perform precise experiments in space?

submitted by /u/spacemonkey1990
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Could you make a nuke with Americium?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 09:51 PM PST

The reason I'm asking is because at work I get to use a nuke gauge to test the density of concrete. Inside the gauge is Cesium and Americum. Americium is the more radioactive element so I want to focus on that. Could you create a weapon out of Americium? I know this isn't a efficient way of doing things otherwise it would have been done by now. But my lack of understanding radioactivity makes me wonder. I just don't understand how something like uranium has a lower atomic mass, compared to Americium yet has a much longer half life. In fact that raises another question if uranium has a longer half life doesn't that mean it losses less longer? Making Americium more unstable since it only has a half life of like 240 years? Wouldn't this make Americium perfect for energy use since it seems like it would be giving off more energy?

submitted by /u/jsmith1997
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Monday, March 5, 2018

Why do grapefruits and grapefruit juice interact so much with so many types of medications?

Why do grapefruits and grapefruit juice interact so much with so many types of medications?


Why do grapefruits and grapefruit juice interact so much with so many types of medications?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 09:40 PM PST

Does the energy produced by a solar panel during its lifespan exceed that required for its production?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 02:16 AM PST

Why are snowflakes flat? Why not something with more depth?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 05:35 AM PST

Do EMPs affect electrical signals in the brain?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:42 PM PST

What is the Van der Waal Force?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 07:18 AM PST

I've been reading some stuff about it but the definitions are so convoluted and not in lay men's terms. I can't understand what it is.

submitted by /u/ThePioneer99
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If the First Law of Thermodynamics is unbreakable, then how can the Universe be?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 06:17 AM PST

So we know that we have The Universe where "energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed", but at the same time there was a time where the Universe was not the Universe, be it pre-Big Bang or earlier. So how can we have a situation where the energy of the Universe is made manifest, if energy can be neither created or destroyed.

Or am I missing something and the First Law of Thermodynamics is breakable?

submitted by /u/mahaanus
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Why can't any computer run any program?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 03:30 PM PST

Why couldnt't a cell phone for example run windows, just slower because of less memory and other stats to the computer? Or what is it that prevents this from being possible?

submitted by /u/Shupsta
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Marijuana has ~113 known cannabinoids, but our bodies have only two known cannabanoid receptors. What is the function of our cannabinoid receptors, and how do they react with cannabinoids in Marijuana to produce Marijuana's effects?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 10:00 PM PST

Why does silicon-based lubricant degrade silicon?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 09:35 PM PST

Yes, I'm asking a question about sex toys.

submitted by /u/_JosiahBartlet
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Why do the angles in a triangle add to 180 degrees, but if you walk the lines of a triangle you would turn 360 degrees?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 01:19 PM PST

Can artificial light power solar panels?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 06:22 PM PST

Is the energy of annihilation in neutrinoless double beta decay passed to the emitting electrons?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 06:06 AM PST

I have a question about majorana fermion annihilation process. MOre specifically, neutrinoless double beta decay. This interaction produces only the two β electrons, which carry the whole reaction energy Qββ. Does this mean that both neutrinos (which are their own antiparticle) annihilate and pass the energy of this process to emitting electrons? Or how is this process happening?

submitted by /u/Veve_cg
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What happens to visual processing when we blink?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:36 PM PST

More specifically, does the actual act of closing our eyes have any effects on the way vision is processed other than just blocking light from our eyes?

submitted by /u/SteelBeams4JetFuel
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Why are M Dwarf stars so volatile?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 05:22 AM PST

Apparently, Proxima Centauri roasted Proxima b last year in a giant solar flare. Why are these smaller stars so variable, if that's the word? Aren't they cooler? My mind hurts.

submitted by /u/Raskov75
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What is the absolute magnitude of an average star?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 05:07 AM PST

As the title states, what is the absolute magnitude of an average star? I'm trying to estimate the number of stars in a galaxy from a photo I've taken.

submitted by /u/NoobLord98
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What happens to the electrons in the positive plate of capacitor?

Posted: 05 Mar 2018 12:23 AM PST

So battery and a capacitor are connected.

The electrons are attracted to the positive terminal and will flow from the minues terminal to the capacitor plate. This negative charge of the plate will push electrons away from the other plate, making the second plate positively charged.

What happened to the electrons in the positive plate? I assume those electrons get pushed back into the positive terminal.

Doesn't this now mean the voltage between the battery terminals is less now? Because the positive terminal gained electrons. So then the attraction force pulling electrons is lower than original, right? So the voltage of the battery has dropped. Shouldn't this mean the voltage of when the capacitor and battery are equal is a lower voltage than the battery? Because if we say the capacitor will charge to the original battery voltage, doesn't this imply that even though the positive terminal gained electrons, the battery voltage has remained the same? Kind of weird to think about, if you imagine a +2 charge and two electrons separated. Say one electron goes to the +2 particle, so what's left is +1 particle and 1 electron. Now the force and hence voltage between the electron and positive particle is less because the other electron neutralized one positive charge.

So what I'm saying is:

Yes, I agree the battery and capacitor voltages will eventually be equal.

But the voltage at which this happens is lower than the original battery voltage.

Am I right? Is saying the capacitor will reach the original battery voltage just a simplification?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Do animals shed their winter coats at the same time every year? Or does it depend on whether it's actually getting warmer outside?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:35 PM PST

It's still pretty cold outside, but my cat is shedding. This lead to me think about whether it needs to be getting warm outside for animals to start shedding their winter coats, or if it just happens at the same time every year no matter the weather.

submitted by /u/justupvotes
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How does antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion work?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 09:56 PM PST

Believe it is also called "spiked fusion," but that may be something else (could someone maybe confirm?). Additional questions:

What is the composition of the "fuel pellets" used in this technique?

How would one make these fuel pellets?

Are these fuel pellets Is this from of propulsion more efficient than modern rocket thrusters? If so by what magnitude?

submitted by /u/HaythamJubilee
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Which has a higher density of asteroids, the asteroid belt or the Jupiter Trojans?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 07:52 PM PST

When someone receives a blood transfusion or an organ transplant, what happens to the donor's DNA?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 01:53 PM PST

Does it get changed to the receiver's DNA somehow? Does it affect/change the receiver's DNA? How does it work?

submitted by /u/gottagetstabbed
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How do light sensors (Ir thermometers, laser range finders) detect the exact wavelength of light from the source while ignoring all other light sources?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 07:27 PM PST

Any modern day locations have thousands of light sources. How can a sensor filter out everything else to detect that one single wavelength?

submitted by /u/striker7770
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Does dairy have the same environmental impact as beef?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 08:21 PM PST

This answer, at first seems clear, but I'm not sure how simple it is. Everyone knows and expresses how bad beef is, but they never say much about dairy. Is it better? Worse? In terms of land usage, greenhouse gases, used water?

submitted by /u/fortkevin10
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Sunday, March 4, 2018

When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?

When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?


When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:11 AM PST

Dry ice sublimates at around -80°C. Coldest temperature on earth measured ~= -89°C. Does CO2 start to condense?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:58 AM PST

Hello :-)

I am currently using dry ice with students in the tinker workshop. We where curious... What happens when the atmosphere gets colder?

Weird Snow? Frost? Or would it need to be significantly colder?

Random quote from currentResults

Vostok, Antarctica -89.2°C -128.5°F July 21, 1983

Vostok, Antarctica -88.3°C -126.9°F August 24, 1960

Plateau Station, Antarctica -86.2°C -123.1°F July 20, 1968

Dome Argus, Antarctica -82.5°C -116.5°F July, 2005

Thanks, have a nice day! :-)

submitted by /u/schorhr
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Do animals that mate for life (eg. Penguins, beavers, etc.) sleep around a bit before mating for life or do they just spend the rest of their lives with the first one they mate with?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 08:30 AM PST

Why are potato chips usually hyperbolic, but not flat or elliptic?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 01:00 PM PST

Not sure if that's appropriate flair, but anyways. Usually potato chips are slightly saddle shaped, meaning they curve in opposite directions along the length and width of them (hyperbolic). Why don't they curve more like a sphere, in the same direction both ways (elliptic)? Why curve at all? I know it takes work to change the curvature of something, my understanding is that's why you can fold pizza to stop it from drooping.

submitted by /u/iaswob
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How would a theoretical "metallic hydrogen" rocket thruster work?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 02:50 AM PST

Can't seem to find this information on the internet. Only found out that it was "lighter" and "more efficient" than regular hydrogen fuel, but how would it work, in depth, as a proper rocket fuel in an actual rocket engine?

Additional Questions: Does this type of thrust require an oxidizer? Is metallic hydrogen still just two hydrogen atoms single-bonded to one another like regular rocket propellant or something different entirely? Does it have different phases than regular hydrogen (i.e. when is it a solid, liquid, etc.)? What are other benefits of metallic hydrogen

submitted by /u/HaythamJubilee
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How do we know/estimate the colour of dinosaur feathers/scales/skin without any real images of them?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 05:13 PM PST

I've always wondered how scientists/ graphics designers came up with the coulored reconstructions of dinosaurs.

I've lived off the theory thus far that it's all guess work based around their natural environment and how they interact with it. Or possibly, that cells of their bone were analysed and subsequent pigment cells could be guesstimated from that.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Coppo123
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Does sign language differ significantly from country to country?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 08:18 PM PST

Is there an audio equivalent of Framerate? And can our ears notice it?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:24 AM PST

For example, while viewing a slowed down video, there are less frames per second so things seem jumpy and jittery, but you can record at high frame rates to counteract this. If we were to listen to sound slowed down, would there be gaps that were audible? And could that be negated by high bitrate recording?

submitted by /u/juxtapositionally
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Are there any animal species living on the seabed that are unable to swim?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:59 AM PST

I mean species that would be too heavy to be able to swim up, so they would be living exclusively at the bottom of the seabed, maybe able to somewhat "jump" etc, but not actually swim freely in all directions.

Are there any species like that? And if so, is there any evolutionary purpose to losing the ability to swim as a species that live under water?

submitted by /u/ncilm
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How do we actually know if quantum particles can teleport?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 07:31 PM PST

I just learned about Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and that you can't interact with a quantum particle directly due to needing to introduce energy to get a response. I also recently learned about quantum tunneling, that particles can jump through space.

How can we tell that this happens due to the inability of directly viewing these particles?

And could the effect of observing something cause this affect?

Like could the interaction cause the particle to move in the first place, and due to the lack of being able to accurately track it could that seem like it's "skipping" or jumping through space?

Sorry for the formatting, on mobile.

submitted by /u/ecrous-deez
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How do we know that the conservation of energy is an actual thing?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 01:40 AM PST

I don't really know a lot about physics, but from the stuff I've come across everyone seems to treat the conservation of energy or information as given, but how do we know that that's a thing?

submitted by /u/anAwkwardPoolNoodle
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What causes particles to behave in paired ways in quantum entanglement?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 02:01 AM PST

Curious about the nature of the agency that causes particles to behave similarly. Is there any limit on the distance apart that they can be for this effect to still make itself felt?

submitted by /u/Chicken_Spanker
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Why do hurricanes weaken over land, while incredibly strong and violent tornadoes can form and sustain themselves entirely over land?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:32 PM PST

Why does any system/particles/electrons/atoms tend to be on the position with the lowest energy state?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:31 AM PST

I understand that the way electrons "fit" around the nucleus is such that they are in the lowest energy state possible. I'm also told that this is also the reason why atoms and various compounds/molecules are formed but why is this so? Is there any specific reason? Also how does the electron/atom "know" that it's in the lowest energy state and how it has to align itself?

submitted by /u/devil_lvl666
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Is it possible to run an entire home off grid using DC power and renewable energy?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:02 AM PST

Is it possible to run an entire home off grid using DC power and renewable energy?

I mean so power from an array of rooftop solar panels , and perhaps a small DC garden wind turbine A Battery storage sufficient to take and store renewable energy to power the home when there is not enough energy being produced.

All appliances are efficient like DC LED light bulbs, televisions, future electric car charging etc.

Many items now run of USB power like phones, laptops etc, and with things like TYPE C and other usb advances even more power hungry products can now be used

So whats stopping us from skipping AC if your producing sufficient energy, has it been done, can it be done, does everything in the home have a DC equivalent, and how much more efficient will it be, and will be seeing future homes running of DC entirely?

submitted by /u/AzzzYYzzzA
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What is just the relativistic effect on the orbit of S0-2 around Sagittarius A*? By how much would it theoretically precess?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:22 PM PST

I understand that the "daisy petal effect" on Mercury's orbit is 40 - 43 arc seconds more per century than can be accounted for by the laws of motion, that Einstein's GR accounts for perfectly. There was a measurable GR effect on a tiny body coming within 4.7 x 107 km of 1 solar mass, how about on a 15M body coming within 1.8 x 1010 km of a 4.3 x 106 solar masses? Would S0-2 precess more or less than Mercury? (I'm discussing the GR component of precession only. I realize most of Mercury's 570 arc seconds of precession per century is due to effects from the other planets. I have no way of calculating that for S0-2.)

Edit: changed "per year" to "per century" and changed the values. "per year" implies one orbit, but then i realized its one earthly orbit and 4.15 mercurian orbits and now I hate it.

submitted by /u/quantasmm
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How do people know what the Milky Way looks like?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:23 AM PST

Why does neutrinoless double beta decay only result in matter production?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 02:12 PM PST

I was reading about attempts to detect neutrinoless double beta decay. The basic idea is that if neutrinos are their own antiparticles, then in the rare instance that a double beta decay occurs, the two antineutrinos can annihilate each other leaving only the two e- behind. This is a possible explanation or pathway to why there is matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.

But why would this process not equally occur with double beta-plus decay? Is there a physical mechanism meaning it only happens in double beta-minus decay? Or is double beta-minus decay simply hypothesised to be more common (or less rare) than double beta-plus decay?

submitted by /u/nottherealslash
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How do scientists know that a rock is a meteorite?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:22 PM PST

I was reading an article that mentioned the first meteorite found from mercury and wanted to know how they figure out that it's not from earth at all but from a different source?

submitted by /u/lordflores
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Why does the windchill make it feel colder outside even though the real temperature is still the same?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 10:57 PM PST

Forgive me if this is a simple answer and I'm not realize it, but it has been excessively windier than usual (30-40mph) in the northeast and made me wonder why it feels colder outside when the wind is blowing even though the temperature warmer than it really feels?

submitted by /u/flopzy
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How physicists proves that quantum superposition is real?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 10:33 PM PST