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Tuesday, February 27, 2018

What colour are Neutron stars?

What colour are Neutron stars?


What colour are Neutron stars?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 12:27 AM PST

Assuming we have a magic shield that blocks out all non-visible light, and a human eye (human optional) within viewing distance, what colour would a neutron star appear to be?

Would there be a shift in spectrum emissions because of gravitational effects?

submitted by /u/Xethinus
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Are other animals aware of their mortality?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 02:56 AM PST

Why are designs of the Hubble Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope so different from each other?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 08:38 PM PST

Why do active volcanoes have such constant, violent waves?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 02:19 AM PST

What proof do we have that the universe is expanding and not just clusters moving in different directions?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:38 AM PST

I know about red-shifting and blue-shifting and the 'Hubble Constant', etc. But why say that we're expanding towards a "Big Rip"? To expand in such a way means we're expanding away from a source (the Big Bang) but how do we know where that source is? We know of phenomena like "The Great Attractor", the universe is massive, who's to say that everything isn't just moving around a lot or being pulled towards/away from a much larger gravitational source?

This article prompted the thought, we keep realizing we're moving "faster than expected". We don't know enough about Dark Energy/Dark Matter, perhaps this theory is wrong.

submitted by /u/Tony111_3
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How does churning cream into butter reduce its lactose concentration? (4%-1%)

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:21 AM PST

Why do you see so many specialty toothpastes (e.g. gum strength, cavity defense, 3-d white etc)? Why don't they make one super toothpaste with all the benefits?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:47 AM PST

How difficult is it to make a perfect diamond? Or any other crystal for that matter?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 01:13 AM PST

While reading about diamond anvil cells it said the press consists of two perfect diamonds, which makes sense as any cracks or other imperfections should destroy the diamonds under that pressure. But when those diamonds are made, how can we be sure there isn't any impurities present? What's the margin of error? Just how perfect is "perfect"?

submitted by /u/shadowz749
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So how do programming languages work?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 07:06 PM PST

How do programming languages work?

We type text and then that text is interpreted into making something happen. But how?

submitted by /u/SlowDownBrother
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Why doesn’t the earths core cool and harden?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:21 AM PST

From what little I understand about the way heat dissipates I would think it would cool and harden into rock

submitted by /u/TheKingOfWolves
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Do we need the van Allen Belts as a protection from radiation?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 07:27 AM PST

I read that a potential space elevator would cancel the van Allen Belts by grounding them. Would that strip the Earth from radiation protection? And how would a space elevator do that cancel the belts? Also what do the sprites(lightning that goes up into space) have to do with them? Are they the reason for creating the gap between the belts?

submitted by /u/georg360
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Why do most cables have ridges at the ends?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 07:21 AM PST

Why are most USBs and other types of cables made with the ridge like structure towards the end of the cable? Does it solve any purpose, and if yes, how good is it at doing so?

Here's a link to the image I posted to make it easier to understand what I'm talking about: https://imgur.com/a/MGIM1

Sorry for not being able to explain the question further. English isn't my first language. :)

submitted by /u/AceAntares15
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An escalator moves at the same speed whether it's empty or has a lot of people on it. How does the motor "know" to change its power output?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 01:01 PM PST

Same idea for something like a chairlift. These motors are always moving at the same speed and do so smoothly, but wouldn't they have to be constantly adjusting power dependent on the size of the load? What's the feedback mechanism for that?

submitted by /u/blockerguy
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What impact has the Great Wall of China had on animal populations?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:03 PM PST

I saw a post about the Great Wall of China in another subreddit, then not long after I saw a post about overpasses in the US specifically to facilitate animal migration.

My question is that since the Great Wall was constructed has there been any noticeable impact on the local flora or fauna? Has it been in place long enough to encourage the beginnings of speciation in any populations of animals or has any other sign of microevolution been ascribed to the Great Wall?

submitted by /u/paper_liger
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How do we establish elevation on another planet that has no ocean, ex. Mars?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 09:42 AM PST

Do we pick the lowest point on the planet and call that zero? Or what do we use for "zero" elevation, when there is no ocean?

submitted by /u/Juno_Malone
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Humans have fingerprints, do we have anything of sorts for animal kingdom?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 04:23 AM PST

Who keeps the time?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 03:36 AM PST

The standard time down to seconds and microseconds, where and who is responsible for keeping it? My assumptions are:

  • This happens in England, since they are on the 00:00 timezone?
  • All other clocks in the world clock are being referenced and synced to that tracking?

Who is the entity/organization that deals with this?

What are (other) interesting facts about keeping time that might be interesting to find out?

submitted by /u/AlpacaGiraffeSheep
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Why are most recent data transfer standards serial, rather than parallel?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:40 PM PST

We have Universal Serial Bus, Serial AT Attachment, Serially Attached SCSI, PCI Express which is also a serial standard, HDMI, DP, and so on. It appears the transition from parallel communication to serial generally occurred over the 2000s, but why? What were the driving factors behind this change?

And given the speed and processing power of today's devices, does it make sense to 're-parallelise' serial connections again (which is already done to some extent with PCIe lanes) to increase throughput?

submitted by /u/delta_p_delta_x
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If a hexagon is the strongest shape, why aren't tunnels and archways hexagonal?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 05:39 AM PST

How is uranium 238 transformed into uranium 235?

Posted: 27 Feb 2018 04:38 AM PST

When do facial bones stop growing?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:10 AM PST

Is atmospheric pressure measurably higher somewhere like the lowest point in death valley?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 08:10 PM PST

Why is it much harder to recite the alphabet in reverse than numbers when both follow a set order?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 11:12 AM PST

Both numbers and the alphabet follow a set order. "b" comes after "a" just as 2 comes after 1. But it is way more easier to recite numbers in reverse from any arbitrary number given but it is harder to recite the alphabet in reverse without practice.

submitted by /u/Cocaine_Boy
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Monday, February 26, 2018

When did scientists realize that Jupiter had no solid ground?

When did scientists realize that Jupiter had no solid ground?


When did scientists realize that Jupiter had no solid ground?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 04:36 AM PST

I watched the 1953 version of "War of the Worlds" over the weekend, and it said that the aliens wouldn't go there, because the surface was largely volcanic, so I was wondering when they realized that it has no solid ground. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Henry_Burris
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We hear a lot about new ways to generate electricity, such as fusion. But are there any new developments in the way we harness heat and transform it into electricity?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 08:56 PM PST

I hear a lot about fusion and "new-generation" fission reactors being potentially revolutionary in the way we generate electricity. However, it is my understanding that it will be a new way to generate heat, while we will still use old-school steam turbines to convert heat into electricity. My question is, are there any theoretical or "moonshot" ideas of a more efficient way to generate electricity

submitted by /u/Phantom160
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What determines when our hunger is satisfied?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:05 AM PST

Is it the amount of calories consumed? Volume of the food we ate? How saturated our stomach is? A combination of all of this?

For example if I would drink 2000 calories worth of olive oil, should I technically have satisfied my daily need of hunger?

submitted by /u/CrippledFetusBoy
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What does the Hubble constant represent?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 06:12 AM PST

A recent NASA report indicates that scientists think the universe is expanding at an increasing rate. The Hubble constant was revised up to 73 km per second per megaparsec.

Does this mean that if you take two points in space that are a megaparsec apart, the space between them is growing at 73 km/s?

So in 4107 years, these two points will be separated by an additional LY?

submitted by /u/rugger62
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Why is India a “subcontinent”, but not the Arabian Peninsula or Greenland? Both are roughly the same size as India, and they’re both more separated from their “parent continents” than India is.

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 08:58 PM PST

How did Issac Newton go about making the primary mirror for his Newtonian telescope?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 10:20 PM PST

Reflector telescope mirrors are slightly concave to the point where the human eye can't see the curve. With Newton living centuries ago, what method did he use to make a mirror with that sort of parabolic curve?

submitted by /u/Jfredolay
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How does the hardness of water ice at temperatures near 0 K compare to the hardness of rock (say granite) at room temperature?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 03:31 PM PST

Can Cherenkov radiation occur in materials other than water?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 07:27 AM PST

So the blue glow around nuclear materials and reactors is caused by electrons traveling faster than light in water.

Simply put, can this phenomenon occur in other materials? What about transparent solids?

submitted by /u/TVK777
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Is there a mathematical way to represent distribution of a substance through stirring?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 05:32 PM PST

Say I add a teaspoon of salt to a 1 quart pot of tomato sauce. How does stirring the pot distribute the salt? Is there a knowable number of stirs that maximizes distribution?

submitted by /u/docbugzy
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What is the difference among CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs? More specifically, what is each one used for?

Posted: 26 Feb 2018 05:53 AM PST

What might a CT scan find that a PET scan or MRI might not? How does a doctor decide which one to order?

submitted by /u/BrainEnema
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How long does it take antibacterial soaps or gels to kill 99% of bacteria?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 03:50 PM PST

Is it instant for does it take time for all the bacteria to die that are exposed to the soap or gel?

submitted by /u/stephenhues
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What is nowadays real world application of Reed-Muller codes?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 08:39 PM PST

How Do Scientists Control What Cells Embryonic Stem Cells Turn Into?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 06:40 PM PST

Couldn't find an answer

submitted by /u/Engineeringman0923
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Why do stimulants calm people with ADD/ADHD?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 09:42 AM PST

How are we not losing signals constantly if satellites are orbiting around the Earth?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 06:11 PM PST

How did the idea develop from 'the sun is a ball of literal fire' to 'it is a nuclear fusion reactor'?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 07:45 AM PST

For many years it was the idea that the sun is an actual ball of fire but we now know that it makes its thermal energy through nuclear fusion, how did scientist make such a big leap and what were, if any, intermediate theories before the final theory?

submitted by /u/stop_cat
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[Biology] Can dogs recognize themselves from a picture or video or live (I.E. selfie camera) video/picture?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 02:12 PM PST

What are the implications of negative friction?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 03:31 PM PST

How would normal objects behave on a surface with a negative amount of friction? Is this even possible?

submitted by /u/GageGaming
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Why is it considered implausible for a piston-powered, propeller-driven aircraft to break the sound barrier, and then how does a prop setup fundamentally differ from a turbine setup?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 09:33 AM PST

What are some of the oldest games?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 06:44 PM PST

This is including any set of rules that are followed to culminate in a winner?

submitted by /u/dread_pirate_bobert
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How do scientists measure "positive selection" for specific genes?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 08:59 AM PST

I recently found this article, which I find interesting, but I can't seem to figure out from the article how the authors measure "positive selection". So my question is about this article but also genetics in general: is there some genetic marker that can indicate or be used to measure "positive selection"?

submitted by /u/JHEdwards
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What is the math/physics behind a sonic boom?

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 03:33 PM PST

I have taken physics 1 and 2 but I have never really been taught what the physics is behind a sonic boom.

submitted by /u/whiskeylord
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Sunday, February 25, 2018

How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me

How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me


How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 06:10 AM PST

I'm not suggesting it ejected a film c canister back to earth....but how did it convert an image to signal and then transmit it?

submitted by /u/Caspianknot
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How do our eyes see the stars much better than a camera?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 10:18 PM PST

Many cameras have much larger sensors our retinas, and larger apertures than our pupils. Still, they need long exposures to capture the stars. The frame rate of the human eye is often said to be in the hundreds. So why can my eye see the stars with a 1/300 second exposure when cameras require 6 or 7 seconds before the same number of stars are visible in the image?

submitted by /u/z0rbe
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Why doesn't bacteria develop a resistance against alcohol such as hand sanitizer, but does so towards antibiotics?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 04:39 PM PST

That an abundant use of antibiotics increases the risk of bacteria evolving a resistance towards the specific antibiotic everybody knows, but why doesn't it happen with Alcohol such as hand sanitizer or similar. Or does bacteria develop resistance towards alcohol as well, and in that case, why are we still encouraged to use hand sanitizers as much as possible?

submitted by /u/ossaar
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Why is “five year survival” the benchmark for successful treatment in cancer? Do some forms of cancer have a different “timeline”?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 03:10 PM PST

With no references or compass, is it possible to distinguish photos of a sunset or a dawn?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:02 AM PST

If I took a snap shot of the sun touching an ocean horizon with no land or cloud visible in the am, then the pm, is it possible to tell the difference?

submitted by /u/onlyanhouraday
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Are the muscles in the mouth needed for chewing subject to atrophy after events like a coma or extended starvation?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:20 PM PST

I was wondering if it becomes hard to chew similarly yo how it is hard to walk after not using your legs for a long period of time. Also, is therapy to retrain your mouth muscles like it is needed for the legs?

submitted by /u/chewlarue12
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Why is fiberglass safe vs asbestos?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:46 PM PST

They're both made of tiny fibers. What is the difference between them?

submitted by /u/yes_fish
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Splitting atoms other than uranium?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:11 PM PST

I understand that when we split a uranium atom, a lot of energy is released due to nuclear fission. How about other atoms? Can we split, say, a copper atom or a lithium atom to also release vast amounts of energy? Is uranium used just because it is easy to split? If so, what makes it hard to split a copper or lithium atom?

submitted by /u/tachibana7853
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If someone was fluent in a language when they were really young (4 or 5 yo) but forgot it later on, will relearning it as a teenager or adult be easier for them? Would they be better at pronunciation and/or other aspects of the language?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:33 AM PST

Magnetic monopoles: what is their significance and why can't we find them?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:38 PM PST

My professor was telling us a few days ago about the fact that nobody has ever found a magnetic monopole. He also said that if discovered, magnetic monopoles could have huge implications for technology, and would also explain the quantization of electric charge. What would be the challenges in creating a magnetic monopole, what would their uses be in technology, and what the hell is quantization of electric charge/ why would monopoles explain this?

submitted by /u/Ggeng
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Why is the level of Carbon-14 (approximately) constant?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:31 PM PST

My understanding is that Carbon-14 is converted from Nitrogen-14 in the Atmosphere by Cosmic Rays. It then slowly breaks down by beta-decay back into Nitrogen-14. Also, I've seen it stated numerous places that the level of Carbon-14 is assumed to be fairly constant over time (i.e. the rate of breakdown is equal to the rate of production).

However, why, under normal circumstances, would the rate of production be in any kind of equilibrium with the rate of decay, such that the total carbon-14 in the atmosphere is assumed to be constant? The two processes (production via cosmic rays and breakdown via beta-decay) are completely independent and do not feedback on each other.

Carbon-14 dating assumes that the level of carbon-14 is (relatively) constant throughout time, correcting for various anomalies like supernovas etc via tree rings and other sources.

Shouldn't there be either a slow accumulation or a slow depletion of the Carbon-14 in the atmosphere over time (ignoring the nearly impossible coincidence that these two independent processes happen to be exactly balanced)?

submitted by /u/northdoc
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Half-life of knowledge? A lecture from 1979 on photons by Richard Feynman is on YouTube. Would a 1979 Feynman be able to give a quantum mechanics lecture that will still be "accurate" in 2018?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 09:13 AM PST

I found this Feynman lecture on YouTube called "Photons: Corpuscles of Light." The first part is an hour long. I have not watched it, but I want to because 1) I love Feynman and his passion for science, and 2) I want to learn more about photons.

However, I would not watch a lecture from 1979 on, say, pain science, because I know that I would not be able to trust the information to be accurate. 1979 was a long time ago, at least in the medical sciences, which is what I am familiar with. How much has our knowledge of quantum mechanics -- photons in particular -- changed since 1979? Can I watch this lecture and expect 1979 Feynman to still be "accurate" by 2018 quantum mechanics standards?

This is the video: https://youtu.be/xdZMXWmlp9g

submitted by /u/AuteurTheory
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Why does hot air rise?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:57 PM PST

Can frogs and toads tell where they are jumping to? If one were standing on a platform high enough to kill it if it were to jump off, would it know not to?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:09 AM PST

Why do vortices that come off of aircrafts fall the way they do, as if they were low density objects?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:10 AM PST

I'm in aviation right now and have wondered how swirling vortices fall at a rate of only a few hundred feet a minute. Also, I need to be aware of vortices that linger on runways after heavy aircraft takeoffs/landings. Just wanted an explanation. Thanks!

submitted by /u/B0K0Non
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Why is it so important not to eat before anesthesia?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:46 AM PST

If the earth had no velocity around the sun, would it just fall into the sun? How long would that take?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:42 PM PST

What would happen if you microwaved something containing no water molecules?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:23 PM PST

My understanding of microwaves has always been that they function by causing water molecules to vibrate. Thus, i would expect that microwaving something containing no water would accomplish nothing. Is this correct?

submitted by /u/schneidrew
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Does NASA make money from the technology they develop?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 07:52 PM PST

This website details many things developed by NASA. When they develop new technology, do they sell it or otherwise make money from it?

submitted by /u/DutchLostman
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How did sea water become salty?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:37 AM PST

Is salt just a common compound found in rocks which then dissolves into water?

submitted by /u/FAZZA_98
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