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Thursday, February 15, 2018

Is there any reason for the alphabet being in the order its in?

Is there any reason for the alphabet being in the order its in?


Is there any reason for the alphabet being in the order its in?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 04:41 PM PST

How does the Meltdown patch work?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 12:43 AM PST

Before I ask the question, please tell me if my understanding is wrong as I am still learning about computer architecture:

Modern CPU's utilize out of order execution, which means instead of waiting for each instruction cycle to finish, it will start fetching other instructions.

So if there are branch dependent instructions, the CPU will need to predict what data will be coming from the branch (branch prediction)

If the prediction is wrong, the register will remove the data, and it will be gone in theory, but in practice they are stored in the cache. (This is where I think I'm gonna be wrong)

And through cache side channel attack, attackers can get data.

Now what has the kernel memory got to do with this, and how does the KAISER patch slow down the CPU?

submitted by /u/yangfuchian
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How was north defined as the top part of the earth and south defined as the bottom part of the earth?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 01:20 AM PST

Due to the earth being round and gravity, there is no definitive way to know which way is top. So is the north top or bottom? In fact, is there a top or bottom in the whole universe?

submitted by /u/tpkrtcanoe
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If the minimum shutter speed of my phone camera is at 1/6000 of a second why can't I shoot slow mow videos with 6000 fps?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 02:37 AM PST

How do wild animals not get sick from eating raw meat?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 04:18 PM PST

Can radio/infrared/UV waves (etc.) heat up food too or is the microwave portion of the spectrum special?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 07:26 AM PST

I'm curious if there's something special about microwaves or if waves in other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum could, in theory, be used to heat food. I'm inclined to say 'no' since visible light hits my food all the time without warming it but it could be a matter of concentration. Is the choice of microwaves an economical (vs. scientific) one?

submitted by /u/MentallyWill
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My friend's farts always smell like death. Do people really have distinctive fart smells?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 06:20 AM PST

Silly question but a valid one nonetheless: do people have different gut bacterial populations? Can that influence the way they smell?

submitted by /u/iode131
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Are ores found at different height levels in real life like in Minecraft?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 02:16 AM PST

What is the limit we can potentially zoom in on distant galaxies? Aperture limit?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 07:08 PM PST

Why are we advised against reusing pre-filled plastic water bottles?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 05:11 PM PST

Do different blood types dry different colors?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 07:40 PM PST

I'm watching an Australian series, The Doctor Blake Mysteries, and he often has a paper chart with dried blood samples to compare with blood samples to determine blood type.

Is this late 50s/1960s pseudo-science, or do different blood types dry slightly different colors?

submitted by /u/The_Trekspert
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How are planetary "flyby" photos from space probes taken? Does someone actually have to orient the camera from Earth or does it do it automatically?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 08:44 PM PST

hat has changed, technologically speaking, to allow people to fly around in Bathtub Drones like the guy on YouTube? We've had propellers, radio-controls, batteries, for years. Is it just that the design of the drone in general is so innovative as to have been a total game-changer?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 09:41 PM PST

HERE is the link for those that don't know what I'm talking about

submitted by /u/CaptArchibaldHaddock
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Pulsars have a very regular pulse frequency from our perspective, but since these are super massive objects that distort spacetime, how would those pulses be perceived for an observer extremely close to one of those objects? Would pulses slow down? Speed up?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 03:51 PM PST

What determines the size of raindrops?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 09:08 AM PST

If water boils and evaporates at 100°C, then how can a lake dry up?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 06:54 AM PST

Well?

submitted by /u/Skanzi
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Why are pre-historic drawings so ugly?

Posted: 15 Feb 2018 04:46 AM PST

Is it because bad hand-motoric development or lack of need to draw better? Or did "painters" just die too early?

submitted by /u/Dr_Vegetable
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How much of the sun's hydrogen will undergo fusion?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 09:53 AM PST

If I've understood correctly, the sun is not entirely convective. The core, where fusion happens, largely doesn't exchange material with the rest of the sun. This would mean that only the hydrogen already inside the core will eventually undergo fusion. My question then, is this: how much of the total hydrogen in the sun will actually fuse? I.E. When the sun dies, how much of its mass will still be hydrogen?

submitted by /u/ThePerpetual
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What does an alpha particle look like? Do the protons stay as far apart as possible or does the nucleaus take on a more compact configuration?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 11:15 AM PST

Some images show the neutrons seprating the protons and some show the protons and neutrons side by side. Here are links to the two most common depictions. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Alpha_Decay.svg/1200px-Alpha_Decay.svg.png

https://education.jlab.org/glossary/alphaparticle.gif

submitted by /u/leviathan088
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Is there a case in which a base unit to the power of another base unit (e.g., meters^kilogram) has physical meaning? What about logarithms or roots?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 10:52 AM PST

It's hard to imagine exponentiation, logs, and roots as continuous operators, but clearly they must be. Is it possible to get units this weird? And what would they mean?

submitted by /u/Negative-One-Twelfth
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Is the outer space hotter than the average temperature on earth?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 06:07 PM PST

Maybe asking some stupid thing, but i did not found anything related on google

submitted by /u/TotoPacheco18
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Wednesday, February 14, 2018

What would happen if a voltage was applied to a superconductor in a ring shape and then have the voltage source removed? Would the electrons continue to flow forever in a loop?

What would happen if a voltage was applied to a superconductor in a ring shape and then have the voltage source removed? Would the electrons continue to flow forever in a loop?


What would happen if a voltage was applied to a superconductor in a ring shape and then have the voltage source removed? Would the electrons continue to flow forever in a loop?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 03:14 AM PST

Based on the limited knowledge and understanding I have, it would seem that an electrical current would be able to flow indefinitely due to the lack of resistance, is this the case? If not, how could this theoretically be done?

submitted by /u/RiftyM
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About 410-290 million years ago the earth's atmosphere was 35% oxygen. If modern man existed in this era could our lungs breathe in this air?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 05:25 PM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 07:07 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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What is it about sleep that lets addicts not have to wake up to feed their habits? (I.E. Smoking, drinking, drugs, etc.)

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 12:24 AM PST

Can organ recipients donate organs?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 08:02 PM PST

If a recipient chooses to become a donor, can the organs they received be reused when they die?

Edit: If organs can be donated on, how long can it be donated. Is there a specific time after which the organ will fail?

submitted by /u/Mlle_
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Why, exactly, is exercise good for us?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 08:32 PM PST

What happens with the spit that we swallow?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 05:54 AM PST

How is the rapid vanishing of languages across the globe affecting the field of linguistics?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 06:33 PM PST

Why don’t open wounds near your anus or rectum (hemorrhoids, anal fissures, etc.) get infected by all the fecal matter present around them?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 01:14 PM PST

If gravity is caused by a curvature in space time, what is the idea behind the graviton?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 08:48 PM PST

I'm very, very layman, and just starting to try to understand some of the theoretical physics developed over the last century. One of my main points of confusion is in fields and how their excitations are particles and the exchange of particles manifest the fields' forces...and that gravity is unique(?) among the forces - we haven't confirmed the existence of the graviton, I don't think.

But if gravity is caused by curvatures in space-time, where exactly does the graviton fit in? Is gravity actually a field w/excitations? I'm a bit confused.

submitted by /u/hiedideididay
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Can the ambient air temperature ever be lower than the dew point?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 07:39 PM PST

Is it possible for the temperature to drop so rapidly that the moisture content doesn't have time to manifest in liquid form on the necessary nucleation points, resulting in a temporarily super-saturated volume?

submitted by /u/KaHOnas
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What's the oldest known plant or animal species that still lives today on Earth?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 05:58 PM PST

In other words, from only what we know, when was the last time that there were no plants or animals that exist today? I just can't wrap my head around the fact that this very earth that we walk on once looked completely different, and was home to millions of species that we wouldn't recognize. Always fascinated me.

submitted by /u/JVBrand
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Are there illusions for touch the same way there are for other sight and hearing?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 08:10 PM PST

For instance, are there any textures that our brains have a hard time processing or understanding?

submitted by /u/ichatchase
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Why does bread get stale?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 08:12 PM PST

Why antibiotics doesn't work on viruses?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 04:24 AM PST

When did scientist prove the Earth is round? and how?

Posted: 14 Feb 2018 12:30 AM PST

Why do superpartners tend to have less spin than their non-supersymmetric counterparts?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 09:10 PM PST

Almost everytime I look at the spin of a superpartner its spin is less than its counter part by 1/2, the only exceptions being particles which are superpartners to scalar bosons, like Higginos and axinos. This makes sense since spin is an absolute value, a negative spin particle is indistinguishable from a positive spin particle spinning in the opposite direction. The fact that it always changes by 1/2 doesn't confuse me either, I understand that it's one of the fundamental properties of supersymmetry transformations. I also get why the spin of the gravitino goes down, the graviton has a spin of 2 so it can either be spin 3/2 or 5/2 and fundamental particles of different spins couple to different type of fields and particles with spin higher than 2 couple with fields that break physics so a spin 5/2 gravitino would either try to couple with a field that doesn't exist or bring a spin 5/2 field into existence and make physics mathematically inconsistent. Since both are impossible that means the gravitino has to be spin 3/2.

What I don't understand is why every other supersymmetric transformation always reduces spin. I can understand a 50/50 split of increase and decrease but spin never goes up only down. Why can't photinos zinos winos and gluinos be spin 3/2 instead of 1/2? Why can't squarks and sleptons be spin 1 instead of 0? It doesn't seem like one giant coincidence, even the superpartners of completely hypothetical particles have their spin lowered. Is lower spin energetically favored? Is spin reduction just a fundamental part of supersymmetric transformation in the same way spin always changing by 1/2 is? If so is there anything stopping me from constructing a model of physics where superpartners mass less than their non-supersymmetric versions and everything in the universe is in fact made of supersymmetric particles, leptons and quarks being fermionic superpartners of undiscovered massive spin 1 bosons? Is spin allowed to increase in extended supersymmetry where there is more than one level of superpartner?

submitted by /u/Dovahkiin1337
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What if a tornado hit a nuclear power plant?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 05:09 PM PST

Are plants designed with this possibility in mind? Would it be possible for a sufficiently powerful tornado to physically rip apart a reactor and expose the nuclear fuel?

submitted by /u/MethodMango
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Does the level of the sea contribute to precipitation?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 10:51 PM PST

I'm wondering if the positive feedback loop might create more rain. Rising ocean levels due to melting Ice, may water and create mor surface area. The carbon released into the atmosphere was increasing temperature. This would increase the rate of evaporation causing more rain to fall.

submitted by /u/MrEddyLacy
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Why does the TV remote control still work even if you don't point at the TV with it (at least at the newer TV's) ?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 10:50 PM PST

What happens if you send DC into a computer power supply or a wall adapter?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 06:41 PM PST

My guess is that the device would run just fine, and the AC adapter would actually be more energy efficient and produce less heat, since it wouldn't have to work to "smooth out" the waves of AC; it would just send the "line" of DC straight through. Am I right, am I kinda wrong, or am I laughably wrong?

Any answers are much appreciated!

submitted by /u/Cleath
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Tuesday, February 13, 2018

How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?

How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?


How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:14 PM PST

Why do balloons make a noise when they pop, or rather how does the noise get generated?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 09:26 PM PST

Why cant we dissolve toxic or radioactive material to make it harmless?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 04:19 AM PST

Im curious.. basically everything known to human has a specific arrangement of atoms or molecules. Why are we not able to lets say split up oil or plastic into an endproduct harmless to earth and its creatures?

submitted by /u/xFreakout
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How deep down does water exist in our crust?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 03:56 PM PST

Does the earth have a certain "limit" where water can no longer seep into its rocks or stay inside little caverns? If so, as a follow up question, can life exist in those deepest areas in the earth that have water?

submitted by /u/doggoperson
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How do animals not die of dehydration during hibernation?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 04:46 AM PST

I get that squirrels and bears can store nuts and berries and other food etc. But how do they stay hydrated? they can't store water in their burrows can they?

submitted by /u/Windextrabacon
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Is the Waterfall Effect (or Motion Aftereffect) possible for auditory stimuli?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:11 AM PST

So, I started watching videos (mostly hour long lecture series on YouTube with lots of talking) in 2x speed a while back. I noticed something weird every time I did so: after finishing the videos or pausing them somewhere in between, I observed that my inner monologue (the voice in my head) is slowed down. For a few moments it felt as though I was listening to audio on a tape recorder with low battery. I also felt a slight lag in my tongue each time as though I suddenly had a thicker tongue. This lasted just for 1-2 minutes after (sometimes not even) and then was back to normal. It would also help if I spoke to myself out loud in normal pace. I would say I'm kind of used to it now (I've also been listening to podcasts on 2x speed) and it doesn't happen as much anymore. But, I was wondering if this is an effect similar to the waterfall effect in vision.

Essentially, sped up audio is causing me to perceive my own audio (?) thoughts slower than usual. Could this be analogous to seeing grainy upward motion after staring at a waterfall (downward motion) for a while?

P.S.: Is this a normal/common experience or am I broken?

submitted by /u/RandomJay16
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Why are the younger, central stars of the Milky Way more metal-rich than the older stars that have drifted towards the outer edges?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 06:58 AM PST

Did we use to have a universal language, or did different groups of people "evolve" language on their own?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:26 AM PST

For example I know a lot of languages have "ma" or "mama" to mean "mother", a long time ago, was something like "ma" the universal word for mother? Or did language happen after we spread out a bit more?

Google isn't helping me much here, mainly talking about Esperanto and potential future universal languages.

submitted by /u/smooshie
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Research has shown that brighter and cooler light affects your circadian clock and alertness. Does this effect vary between direct/foveal vision exposure vs. peripheral?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 06:37 AM PST

Say you are designing a light fixture for a desk, with a fixed number of lumens. Would focusing all this light to the center of the desk where the user is directly looking at most of the time, have greater effect than spreading the light evenly between all surfaces visible with direct and peripheral vision? Assuming the light source itself is not within peripheral.

submitted by /u/rendermatt6
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Why is it so difficult to dramatically increase the resolution of electromagnetic wave modulation/demodulation to increase RF bandwidth (that is increase data transfer capabilities)?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:59 AM PST

I'm saying, why can't we make the hardware able to discern the splitting of the frequency into smaller parts if using FM modulation, and why can't we make the hardware able to discern even smaller changes in amplitude with AM modulation? I understand that it would probably be easier to do with FM modulation over AM modulation, and I think that it would be the best way to fix our bandwidth problems.

submitted by /u/PM_ME_SASS_AND_ZITS
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Is there any consensus regarding radiation doses under 100mSv?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 12:07 AM PST

I have no knowledge in the field but after having a CT scan I don't seem to understand the exact risks (and what's worse, not even the doctors doing the scan, their answers were very vague).

Some say any radiation is a definitive increase in cancer. Just 10 flights from NYC to LA can cause one cancer in 30 000. This seems much higher than the actual risk of a plane crash but nobody really thinks about it.

Some say there has been no evidence of increased cancer risk under 50mSv, some even up this limit to 100mSv. Even more strange, some say low doses (like under 10mSv) might actually be beneficial.

Don't we have answers from the studies on atomic bomb survivors to solve this problem? Even those that say a CT risk is a definitive risk don't seem to agree on what's the risk. For the same type of CT scan and patient age there are estimates like in 1 in 200/500/3000. Even for a dose of 100mSv, there are different numbers, like 0.4% to 1% increase in absolute cancer risk. This range is huge and very disconcerting to a patient.

Have animal studies been done on this matter? Like run animals through CT scans to get an answer?

submitted by /u/oriunde
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[Biology] What are the effects of Amphetamines/Dextroamphetamines on male fertility?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 07:35 AM PST

Have any studies been published providing results that show the outcome?

submitted by /u/erinaceidae
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Study "Caffeine Caused a Widespread Increase of Resting Brain Entropy" Well...what the heck is resting brain entropy? Is that good or bad? Google is not helping

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 07:34 AM PST

study shows increased resting brain entropy with caffeine ingestion

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21008-6

first sentence indicates this would be a good thing

Entropy is an important trait of brain function and high entropy indicates high information processing capacity.

however if you google 'resting brain entropy' you will see high RBE is associated with alzheimers.

so...is RBE good or bad? caffeine good or bad for the brain?

submitted by /u/Bluest_waters
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What is the earliest stage in human embryonic development in which we can detect a sleep cycle?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 05:07 AM PST

How many photons can an atom produce?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 07:52 PM PST

I was reading the comments on this post regarding the picture of a positively charged strontium atom when I read /u/spacemoses question, the same as the title of this post. I crudely understand what /u/CasanovaJones was explaining about how the camera picked up the excited photons through the lense to see a relative location of the strontium atom but I have more questions. So, I did what /u/JMoneyG0208 suggested and asked you guys, /r/askscience!

So my question is how many photons are being emitted by the strontium atom to capture this picture and in how long of a time period? Is the dot we see in the picture what the atom would actually look like or is it just light given off from one atom? How would an atom give off photons and why would they do it? Also how precise is the atom's location that the light shows? And could you see this light in person or only in the picture?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/The_Fishy_Tiger
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Why does solder flow onto stuff?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 05:17 AM PST

When soldering I notice that the molten solder will sometimes flow from the hot iron onto a wire or metal part. It's like the solder is pulled onto the part. Stranded wire is a good example since it almost soaks up the solder.

submitted by /u/12buckleo
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I have an opal ring. Dim memories from Chemistry class long ago tell me not to get it wet, but other advise tells me water is fine, it is heat that kills an opal. What is an opal made of, and what can degrade the colour?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 07:07 AM PST

What are opals made of? Do they turn cloudy (losing their colour as they transform) from exposure to either water or low humidity hot air? I really don't want to lose this ring, and taking it off and on ups my chances of losing it. Can I wash my hands ten times a day with my opal ring on? Do the dishes wearing it? Should I be keeping it away from hot air dryers?

submitted by /u/Ariadnepyanfar
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Why do older end stage renal disease (on dialysis) patients have blue eyes?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 06:42 AM PST

I'm a second year PA student doing rotations and seeing dialysis patients. I've noticed that many of the older black patients have blue irises. What causes this?

submitted by /u/hood_yoda
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Why are some ions more soluble than others?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 04:41 PM PST

Does it relate to periodic trends, or is it completely different for every ion? What causes this difference?

submitted by /u/Lexer34
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Where does sediments comes from?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 01:59 AM PST

Hi,

You can see scientist telling you the athmospheric content due to color in sediment layers.

Where do they come from? I get that it is material piling up over time. But those sediments layer are several meters high. It is like the earth is gaining material, growing.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/Eildosa
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How did Stephen Hawking prove his theory of Hawking radiation?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:08 AM PST

I know it has something to do with light rays moving parallel to each other at the event horizon of a black hole. But I don't understand that. Please help.

submitted by /u/Not-A-myth
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