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Tuesday, February 13, 2018

How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?

How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?


How did They make the predator's invisibility cloak in 1987 without the use of fancy computer CGI?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:14 PM PST

Why do balloons make a noise when they pop, or rather how does the noise get generated?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 09:26 PM PST

Why cant we dissolve toxic or radioactive material to make it harmless?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 04:19 AM PST

Im curious.. basically everything known to human has a specific arrangement of atoms or molecules. Why are we not able to lets say split up oil or plastic into an endproduct harmless to earth and its creatures?

submitted by /u/xFreakout
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How deep down does water exist in our crust?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 03:56 PM PST

Does the earth have a certain "limit" where water can no longer seep into its rocks or stay inside little caverns? If so, as a follow up question, can life exist in those deepest areas in the earth that have water?

submitted by /u/doggoperson
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How do animals not die of dehydration during hibernation?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 04:46 AM PST

I get that squirrels and bears can store nuts and berries and other food etc. But how do they stay hydrated? they can't store water in their burrows can they?

submitted by /u/Windextrabacon
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Is the Waterfall Effect (or Motion Aftereffect) possible for auditory stimuli?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:11 AM PST

So, I started watching videos (mostly hour long lecture series on YouTube with lots of talking) in 2x speed a while back. I noticed something weird every time I did so: after finishing the videos or pausing them somewhere in between, I observed that my inner monologue (the voice in my head) is slowed down. For a few moments it felt as though I was listening to audio on a tape recorder with low battery. I also felt a slight lag in my tongue each time as though I suddenly had a thicker tongue. This lasted just for 1-2 minutes after (sometimes not even) and then was back to normal. It would also help if I spoke to myself out loud in normal pace. I would say I'm kind of used to it now (I've also been listening to podcasts on 2x speed) and it doesn't happen as much anymore. But, I was wondering if this is an effect similar to the waterfall effect in vision.

Essentially, sped up audio is causing me to perceive my own audio (?) thoughts slower than usual. Could this be analogous to seeing grainy upward motion after staring at a waterfall (downward motion) for a while?

P.S.: Is this a normal/common experience or am I broken?

submitted by /u/RandomJay16
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Why are the younger, central stars of the Milky Way more metal-rich than the older stars that have drifted towards the outer edges?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 06:58 AM PST

Did we use to have a universal language, or did different groups of people "evolve" language on their own?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:26 AM PST

For example I know a lot of languages have "ma" or "mama" to mean "mother", a long time ago, was something like "ma" the universal word for mother? Or did language happen after we spread out a bit more?

Google isn't helping me much here, mainly talking about Esperanto and potential future universal languages.

submitted by /u/smooshie
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Research has shown that brighter and cooler light affects your circadian clock and alertness. Does this effect vary between direct/foveal vision exposure vs. peripheral?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 06:37 AM PST

Say you are designing a light fixture for a desk, with a fixed number of lumens. Would focusing all this light to the center of the desk where the user is directly looking at most of the time, have greater effect than spreading the light evenly between all surfaces visible with direct and peripheral vision? Assuming the light source itself is not within peripheral.

submitted by /u/rendermatt6
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Why is it so difficult to dramatically increase the resolution of electromagnetic wave modulation/demodulation to increase RF bandwidth (that is increase data transfer capabilities)?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:59 AM PST

I'm saying, why can't we make the hardware able to discern the splitting of the frequency into smaller parts if using FM modulation, and why can't we make the hardware able to discern even smaller changes in amplitude with AM modulation? I understand that it would probably be easier to do with FM modulation over AM modulation, and I think that it would be the best way to fix our bandwidth problems.

submitted by /u/PM_ME_SASS_AND_ZITS
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Is there any consensus regarding radiation doses under 100mSv?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 12:07 AM PST

I have no knowledge in the field but after having a CT scan I don't seem to understand the exact risks (and what's worse, not even the doctors doing the scan, their answers were very vague).

Some say any radiation is a definitive increase in cancer. Just 10 flights from NYC to LA can cause one cancer in 30 000. This seems much higher than the actual risk of a plane crash but nobody really thinks about it.

Some say there has been no evidence of increased cancer risk under 50mSv, some even up this limit to 100mSv. Even more strange, some say low doses (like under 10mSv) might actually be beneficial.

Don't we have answers from the studies on atomic bomb survivors to solve this problem? Even those that say a CT risk is a definitive risk don't seem to agree on what's the risk. For the same type of CT scan and patient age there are estimates like in 1 in 200/500/3000. Even for a dose of 100mSv, there are different numbers, like 0.4% to 1% increase in absolute cancer risk. This range is huge and very disconcerting to a patient.

Have animal studies been done on this matter? Like run animals through CT scans to get an answer?

submitted by /u/oriunde
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[Biology] What are the effects of Amphetamines/Dextroamphetamines on male fertility?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 07:35 AM PST

Have any studies been published providing results that show the outcome?

submitted by /u/erinaceidae
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Study "Caffeine Caused a Widespread Increase of Resting Brain Entropy" Well...what the heck is resting brain entropy? Is that good or bad? Google is not helping

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 07:34 AM PST

study shows increased resting brain entropy with caffeine ingestion

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21008-6

first sentence indicates this would be a good thing

Entropy is an important trait of brain function and high entropy indicates high information processing capacity.

however if you google 'resting brain entropy' you will see high RBE is associated with alzheimers.

so...is RBE good or bad? caffeine good or bad for the brain?

submitted by /u/Bluest_waters
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What is the earliest stage in human embryonic development in which we can detect a sleep cycle?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 05:07 AM PST

How many photons can an atom produce?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 07:52 PM PST

I was reading the comments on this post regarding the picture of a positively charged strontium atom when I read /u/spacemoses question, the same as the title of this post. I crudely understand what /u/CasanovaJones was explaining about how the camera picked up the excited photons through the lense to see a relative location of the strontium atom but I have more questions. So, I did what /u/JMoneyG0208 suggested and asked you guys, /r/askscience!

So my question is how many photons are being emitted by the strontium atom to capture this picture and in how long of a time period? Is the dot we see in the picture what the atom would actually look like or is it just light given off from one atom? How would an atom give off photons and why would they do it? Also how precise is the atom's location that the light shows? And could you see this light in person or only in the picture?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/The_Fishy_Tiger
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Why does solder flow onto stuff?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 05:17 AM PST

When soldering I notice that the molten solder will sometimes flow from the hot iron onto a wire or metal part. It's like the solder is pulled onto the part. Stranded wire is a good example since it almost soaks up the solder.

submitted by /u/12buckleo
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I have an opal ring. Dim memories from Chemistry class long ago tell me not to get it wet, but other advise tells me water is fine, it is heat that kills an opal. What is an opal made of, and what can degrade the colour?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 07:07 AM PST

What are opals made of? Do they turn cloudy (losing their colour as they transform) from exposure to either water or low humidity hot air? I really don't want to lose this ring, and taking it off and on ups my chances of losing it. Can I wash my hands ten times a day with my opal ring on? Do the dishes wearing it? Should I be keeping it away from hot air dryers?

submitted by /u/Ariadnepyanfar
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Why do older end stage renal disease (on dialysis) patients have blue eyes?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 06:42 AM PST

I'm a second year PA student doing rotations and seeing dialysis patients. I've noticed that many of the older black patients have blue irises. What causes this?

submitted by /u/hood_yoda
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Why are some ions more soluble than others?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 04:41 PM PST

Does it relate to periodic trends, or is it completely different for every ion? What causes this difference?

submitted by /u/Lexer34
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Where does sediments comes from?

Posted: 13 Feb 2018 01:59 AM PST

Hi,

You can see scientist telling you the athmospheric content due to color in sediment layers.

Where do they come from? I get that it is material piling up over time. But those sediments layer are several meters high. It is like the earth is gaining material, growing.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/Eildosa
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How did Stephen Hawking prove his theory of Hawking radiation?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 08:08 AM PST

I know it has something to do with light rays moving parallel to each other at the event horizon of a black hole. But I don't understand that. Please help.

submitted by /u/Not-A-myth
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Monday, February 12, 2018

How do stains work on the molecular level?

How do stains work on the molecular level?


How do stains work on the molecular level?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 04:37 PM PST

How are the particles that become stuck on clothing so difficult to remove? And as a follow up question, how do stain removers work?

submitted by /u/thebossadam
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How do directions work in space?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 04:30 PM PST

On Earth we have north, south, east, and west, but those are relative to Earth. What directions, if any, do people use for space?

submitted by /u/thiskid888
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What is the social behavior of tardigrades? Do and if so, how do tardigrades interact with one another?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 05:32 AM PST

Googling doesn't answer that question and the literature on Google Scholar and pubmed is too high of a threshold to dig through for me as a layperson.

submitted by /u/Megaflarp
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How did the Apollo spacecrafts get past the Van Allen Radiation belt?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 02:02 PM PST

Had a family friend tell me about this and I wanted to know if you guys have the answer to this .

submitted by /u/RocketFarmaHerbs
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Do animals have a dominant "hand" like humans do?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 12:00 AM PST

In deserts and beaches, why do dunes form instead of the sand uniformity flattening out?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 08:08 PM PST

Correlation vs. covariance difference?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 02:01 AM PST

I get all that so far. So they're 2 different tools that perform the same job. Besides the cases of having different measurements, which covariance is unable to do,

1) why would any prefer covariance over correlation or vice versa? In what situation would be more fitting to use one over another?

2) so what does the numerical result in covariance means? I know if it's positive or negative than it's related or inversely related - same for correlation. In corrl, we can intuitively understand that 0.5 means if A moves by 1 B moves by 0.5. But it doesn't explain what the number means in covariance.

3) why do we need both?

submitted by /u/TriLamSr
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What happens in the digestive system of animals that eat other animals whole?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 08:59 PM PST

When an animal eats another animal whole, what happens in the stomach of the predatory animal? It's difficult to imagine an entire prey animal stuffed into a stomach and digested without any complication or interesting process behind it.

Edit: word.

submitted by /u/LurkLert
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How does the subducted oceanic lithosphere retain its shape and form in the asthenosphere?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 06:19 AM PST

From what I saw on the diagrams used for subduction zones, oceanic lithospheres stay solid even under hundreds of kilometers in the mantle, but how does it survive the intense heat without melting thoroughly?

submitted by /u/WeirdSymmetry
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Did we learn anything new about Jupiter from Shoemaker/Levy 9 colliding with it?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 01:58 PM PST

Follow-up: If it occurred today, would modern instruments have gathered any extra, meaningful data from it?

submitted by /u/TacosArePeopleToo
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Are there cryovolcanos on Titan?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:25 PM PST

I read a few years ago that there was a debate in the scientific community for the presence or absence of cryovolcanoes on Titan, with some pointing to images taken by Cassini as evidence for past cryovolcanic activity. Is there currently any sort of consensus on this issue?

submitted by /u/harmonium1
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Given a completely sealed, non-insulated container filled with liquid nitrogen, would the container be cold forever?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 04:55 PM PST

If the theoretical airtight container existed to contain liquid nitrogen in perpetuity, what would happen to the liquid nitrogen over time? Would the walls of the container continue to be cold forever?

submitted by /u/aisle-is-closed
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Why are some tumours benign and other tumours not benign in the human body?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 04:47 PM PST

What do we know about dark matter and dark energy during the big bang?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 07:15 PM PST

I understand the theory that all known matter was in a singularity 14 or so billion years ago and dark matter hasn't been directly observed, but is the prevailing evidence it was in the singularity as well? Are there ideas out there that suggest otherwise?

submitted by /u/Cartoon_Cartel
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How are this sort of rocky boulder hills formed?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 11:19 PM PST

Hi reddit, i live in an area with many rocky hills, my pals and i have always wondered how they were formed. I have a bet that the area was under water many years ago!. https://bucketlist.co.ke/travel/uploads/2017/04/Lukenya-5.jpg

submitted by /u/sideshowtoma
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How come some avian pathogens can pass so easily to primates like us? Is there some Immunological similarity?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 01:08 PM PST

With how popular renewable energy is becoming why do we hear so little about superconducting power cables?

Posted: 12 Feb 2018 02:31 AM PST

From my understanding the big problem with superconductors is that you need to cool them down to a very low temperature, however that seems like a static loss largely regardless of how much energy you send through them. So why don't we have/are working on intercontinental cables between Asia, Europe,Africa and maybe even under the sea to Australia and the Americas to transport renewable energy through. The sun is always shining somewhere on earth so wouldn't this be a good alternative to trying to store the energy?

I know that they tried it in Essen but haven't heard about any attempts to scale that up

submitted by /u/thijser2
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Why does albinism appear across species?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:57 PM PST

I saw a picture of an albino animal and was curious as to how different species all have a similar genetic mutation. It was especially puzzling considering it would be a disadvantage in terms of hiding. So how do a multitude of species have some individuals with very similar genetic defects namely albinism?

submitted by /u/notimeforfunandnames
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Why is the asteroid belt a ring and not a bubble?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 10:05 PM PST

Space is obviously 3D, so why does the asteroid belt seem to be on a plane.

Follow up Question: are the planets on the same plane as well?

submitted by /u/-SickDuck
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How much space is there in between particles in a gas cloud in space that is many light years in size?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:59 PM PST

Suppose I'm floating within one of these gas clouds. Would it seem foggy or would it appear no different then if I was an an empty area of space?

submitted by /u/Soup0988
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Why do tank treads have to be asymmetrical to drive straight?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 02:05 PM PST

This may be outdated, but I'm reading Boys for Men, a memoir of a Vietnam era tank driver who was on m48s and sheratons later. He Talks about removing one tread block from one side when he gets the Sheraton, because it makes it "toe in" and drive straight. The other guys with less training didn't do this and their tanks had trouble. I kind of vaguely know what toe is on a car, but I'm not sure how this removing a block changes the toe on a tread. Or, really, why don't the tank designers do this or add an adjustment mechanism so the grunts aren't repairing the treads in the jungle.

submitted by /u/jvttlus
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Sunday, February 11, 2018

Does the language you speak affect the shape of your palate?

Does the language you speak affect the shape of your palate?


Does the language you speak affect the shape of your palate?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 08:49 AM PST

I was watching the TV show "Forever", and they were preforming an autopsy, when they said the speaker had a British accent due to the palate not being deformed by the hard definitive sounds of English (or something along those lines) does this have any roots in reality, or is it a plot mover?

submitted by /u/AleksioDrago
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How much 'stuff' is in space between the Earth and Mars?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 04:38 AM PST

I had a student ask how empty space is, and I told them I really did not know. So, in an area like the orbital path between Earth and Mars (leaving out human space junk) how many objects would you find? Any? None? added question, if anyone knows: How much stuff is in true outer space - beyond out solar system, how often might you encounter an object of any size? Thanks

submitted by /u/POCKALEELEE
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Does the size of an object passing through the sound barrier have an effect on the force of the shock wave?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:51 AM PST

I know from the Space Shuttle that the length of the vehicle produced a double shock wave. What - if any - would be the difference between, say, a baseball crossing mach 1 versus a Range Rover?

submitted by /u/Anticipator1234
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How do vegetables like asparagus and brussels sprouts effect the scent of urine?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 05:57 AM PST

Why can icicles drip when it’s below freezing?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 08:18 AM PST

In the upper Midwest right now and the temperature has been in the mid-20s for a few days, but all of the icicles around my house are dripping. Is this truly "melting," or is it something else? Thanks!

submitted by /u/qui505092
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Why are Saturns rings all on the same plane?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 09:50 AM PST

Does hybridization occur in all valence bonds? If not then how do you identify where it happens?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 12:35 AM PST

Is it impossible for something with 2 equally probable result, like a perfect coin toss, to only give one result given any number (and/or infinite amount) of trials?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:26 AM PST

How does rubbing alcohol “dry out” rubber?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 06:11 AM PST

It's frequently referred to as "drying out" rubber, but I can find references that say it's actually making it less elastic. What's happening?

submitted by /u/redneckrockuhtree
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Why would male snowboarders go downhill faster than female snowboarders?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 02:15 AM PST

Discussing a challenging course, a commentator on Australian Winter Olympic coverage said that male snowboarders go downhill faster than women.

What would be the reasons for a significant difference in speeds between the men and women?

submitted by /u/jamesfromaustralia
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What determines what a particle decays into?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 07:39 PM PST

For example, the Tau can decay into a tau neutrino and other particles each with their own probabities. What tells it to decay into a charged pion or an electron and electron antineutrino?

submitted by /u/GrayOctopus
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Is it possible that an asteroid or comet would approach the earth so fast that we'd be unable to observe and predict it at all?

Posted: 11 Feb 2018 01:29 AM PST

What effects did the weight and size of a dinosaur have on the type of environment it needed to support it?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 07:53 AM PST

I am not 100% sure I used the right flair, if another would be more appropriate, please change it!

I used to drive semi trucks, and one of our major rules was never leave a loaded trailer on anything but concrete, because it's supports would sink into the ground on anything else.

In addition to that, I play and watch a number of scifi mecha type games, movies, and anime, and the discussion always comes up how mecha are unfeasible especially when they get big, because the ground wouldn't support their weight focused on where their feet were.

That had me wondering if the huge multi-ton dinosaurs had similar problems. I am interested in hearing anything about how their mass/size/weight effected them.

submitted by /u/Cryhavok101
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Do photons lose energy one go, or they gradually lose energy until they're completely absorbed by objects?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 09:49 PM PST

I am not sure if I have framed the question right.

In a well-lit room, there's a continuous supply of 'fresh' photons from the light source, but the room doesn't get brighter (after a certain point). This is because photons are constantly absorbed by objects kept in the room.

My question is: does an individual photon lose energy in one go, when it gets absorbed by an object? Or, does it keep losing energy as it bounces off objects, until it's completely absorbed?

submitted by /u/sirabai
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How can people create such long telegraph cables without the powering fading out at the other end?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 03:06 PM PST

Copper (Which what telegraph cables are made of) cannot carry electricity for long distances, It will fade out.

If you put too much power through it will burn up so how did they do it?

submitted by /u/olliegw
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Why do sedimentary rocks have such perfect stratification?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 08:06 AM PST

Driving around you see cutouts through sedimentary formations and the different layers are pretty cool, but why are they distinct layers? Why is it not just continuous if it was being laid down consistently over time? - and what's with the wildly different types of rock being right next to one another? It's like for millions of years you had one sort of rock being laid down then, poof, now for something completely different!

submitted by /u/Flying_madman
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What determines when we have to pee?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 07:58 AM PST

When we pee we don't excrete the same amount of fluid each time, so the procces of determening when you have to pee can't only rely on when the blader is full can it?

submitted by /u/biscuwit
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If multiple jupiters collided, how long would it take for the material to settle allowing fusion to occur?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 01:19 PM PST

Is a singularity a discontinuity in spacetime?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 09:58 PM PST

Blackbody radiation, how does it work?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 08:57 PM PST

This chapter about light interactions with matter in my astronomy textbook is only 10 pages but it's taken me hours to understand. Ive watched videos but they get too complicated with stuff i havent heard of or isnt in this textbook.

This is what i understand for the most part: an object glows when it gets hot because the neutrons colliding give off electromagnetic radiation. As the temperature rises the color of the glow changes from red to yellow to blue.

Why do moving and coliding particles give off electromagnetic waves such as visible light or infrared?

Why do colder objects give off longer waves and hoter objects give off shorter waves?

Does an object have to be black to be a blackbody?

Do all objects give off blackbody radiation?

If stars can be so hot to be red, yellow, or blue does this mean they are or near black in color? If so what makes a star black? Can a star be invisible to our eyes by emiting only ifrared or UV light?

Basically i understand what is happening to a blackbody object, i just dont get why it happens or what makes it happen to one object and not another.

Another thing from this chapter that is less relsted to astronomy:

Atoms can obsorb photons if the wavelength of the photon has the right amount of energy. Waves without the correct energy just get bounced off, right? Is the bouced off wave the color we see with our eyes?

in the book it says an atom that obsorbs a photon of the corect wavelength becomes unstable(due to neutron changing levels) and re-radiates the photon in a random direction. If the atom is constantly re-radiating photons of different waves how does something stay one color? This confuses me as well.

submitted by /u/Jordan_ddddd
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Why do buildings sometimes have angled concrete columns (picture of example included)?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 10:49 AM PST

I've seen a lot of buildings lately with angled concrete columns like the columns on the ground floor of this building: link. Why are columns sometimes angled like this?

submitted by /u/sepp_blatter_123
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How many percent of the Sun's radiation is generated by proton-proton fusion, and how many percent by electron-positron annihilation?

Posted: 10 Feb 2018 11:44 AM PST