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Friday, January 12, 2018

Why can completely paralyzed people often blink voluntarily?

Why can completely paralyzed people often blink voluntarily?


Why can completely paralyzed people often blink voluntarily?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 04:01 AM PST

If a phone is plugged in to a charger and the battery is full, does the phone use the battery or the charger as a power source?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 04:50 AM PST

Is the battery simultaneously being charged and discharged or is it bypassed when plugged in to a charger? Does using the phone while plugged in extend overall battery life?

submitted by /u/AtheistKiwi
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ELIMathematicianNotPhysicist: Quantum Bayesianism. What is it, and how is it different from all the other ways to look at QM?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 05:35 AM PST

Does the finding of baryonic matter between galaxies allow for a possible equilibrium state of the universe (as opposed to big bang vs big crunch)?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 11:48 PM PST

I read about relatively recent findings that the space between galaxies may actually hold a lot of our universe's baryonic matter. I also vaguely understand that the left-hand side of the Friedman equation is cited as reasoning behind the theory that the universe is infinitely expanding, with the amount of matter available being insufficient to stop it.

If there really is baryonic matter in-between galaxies, is its presence, and subsequent mass, enough to allow the possibility of an eventually static universe?

submitted by /u/ReddneckwithaD
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What does a surgeon do to reform bone after a surgery?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 05:59 PM PST

I'm thinking of brain surgery where a surgeon will have to actually cut through the skull to work with the brain. After the surgery is complete how to they put the skull back together?

submitted by /u/Hansinator13
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What is responsible for the evolution of a magnetic field in the superconductor during The Meissner Effect experiment?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 02:54 AM PST

Are dogs gray wolves?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 02:20 AM PST

According to wikipedia, domestic dog is synonymous with Canis lupus familiaris, a subspecies of Canis lupus which is synonymous with gray wolf, meaning all domestic dogs are members of the species Canis lupus meaning they are gray wolves.

This sounds pretty strange to me and probably any layman, but the lead-in to the gray wolf article just makes it sound like they're talking about what I would know as wolves, and the "taxonomy and evolution" subsection - though I only skimmed it - treats dogs and gray wolves as separate categories at several points, rather than one as a subcategory of the other.

(The gray wolf article doesn't specify 'domestic' but it hyperlinks to the article 'Dog' which appears to be exclusively about the domestic dog.)

There's also a "Comparison with wolves" section, which says "there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs".

What's going on here? Is wikipedia just being sloppy or is the terminology sloppily applied in the literature too, or am I just misunderstanding something?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_wolf

submitted by /u/Bl_rp
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At what time of sleep do we really dream?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 12:16 AM PST

Googling pretty much tries to tell me that dreams happen during "REM phase" which is "stage five" after falling asleep, which supposedly is supposed to happen only after being asleep for quite some time.

Now I dont know if this is just me, but if I drowze off for just 10 seconds to few minutes, I almost always wake up with a clear memory of a vivid dream. And I wouldnt classify these just as hallucinations. I could be sitting in classroom and close my eyes for just a few seconds, and suddently im an admiral commanding a fleet in the pacific. Then I wake up for 20 seconds, and fall asleep back to a compleatly different dream. If im not sleepy, nothing like this ever happens.

And if I take a 10minute nap during the day, I always wake up from a dream.

submitted by /u/empire314
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Shouldn't most stars have multiple planets form around them?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 06:37 AM PST

Due to how we know stars are formed, shouldn't the vast majority of dust rings eventually become planets as particles combine and eventually clear their ellipses? I know that we can only see ones that have the right profile to allow us to see the planets transit across the star or that have planets large enough to currently see. But how common would a planet-less "system" even be given what we know?

I asked this previously but received no reply. This will be my final attempt to learn the answer here. Last time was under an astronomy flair, here goes a planetary science flair.

submitted by /u/lightknight7777
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From the first Hydrogen-Hydrogen fusion event to reaching thermonuclear stability, how long does it take a proto-star to 'turn on' and become a real star?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 12:20 PM PST

What physical properties make Iron, Cobalt and Nickel ferromagnetic?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 10:00 PM PST

I'm currently studying magnetism and I was curious about the things that make a material "more magnetic" than others. For example, Gold doesn't let magnetic fields through as well as Aluminum (one is diamagnetic and the other is paramagnetic if I'm not mistaken).

What properties establish this differences?

submitted by /u/Delfador999
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Can someone explain the equation on this conditioner?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 06:00 PM PST

Found at my local hair salon

It looks like:

E = -mu(vector) • B(vector)

I can't figure out what this is but desperately want to understand the humor of the conditioner bottle.

Any ideas?

submitted by /u/CyborgScrivener
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Why does decoherence produce probabilistic outcomes?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 11:56 PM PST

I am reading the book The Fabric of The Cosmos, and Brian Greene explains that when the wavefunctions of a large number of particles interact with a small particle, the wavefunction of the small particle transforms into a sharp spike. What I don't understand is that, since Schrödinger's equation is totally deterministic, shouldn't the result be deterministic as well? Why would we have probabilities of finding the spikes in different locations? I think he must have missed some important details in the book. Thank you.

submitted by /u/MysteriousEntropy
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How do antennas work?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 05:00 PM PST

How does it enhance reception by extending from a device only a few inches? Is it reception they are enhancing?

submitted by /u/420Savage4402
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What is the difference between sleeping and just laying down to rest? How do the 2 differ when it comes to your health?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 05:34 PM PST

How does fatigue affect eyesight?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 04:34 PM PST

Some days when I really feel tired I also notice that I can barely see clearly, and I'm forced to wear my glasses. But other days when I get a good night's sleep and I feel awake and energetic the next day, I have no problem seeing clearly and don't feel like I'm straining or squinting my eyes. How is this so?

submitted by /u/SkidTrac
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How do space rockets guide themselves on the correct path during launch if they only only have boosters?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 02:33 PM PST

Are there 90 degree side rockets that can course correct to preven the rocket from going crazy like a balloon letting out air?

submitted by /u/Xacto01
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Does the danger of nuclear waste increase with the addition of more nuclear waste?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 08:58 PM PST

For example, if you have some waste (spent fuel rods or whatever) from a nuclear reactor and they have a danger zone of say 1 mile. If you keep on piling up more rods, does the danger zone increase?

submitted by /u/Angrybakersf
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How do the organs of people who are paralyzed from a spinal injury continue to function?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 01:37 PM PST

I recently watched a documentary about a man who was paralyzed from the neck down due to a spinal injury. His muscles were obviously paralyzed but I couldn't help but wonder how his heart, his lungs, and all his other internal organs continued to function with a spinal injury?

submitted by /u/Jamblasticus
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Why does James Webb Space Telescope needs to be in L2 lagrangian point? What are the benefits other we don’t worry about losing orbit...

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 07:25 PM PST

Edit - other than we don't need to worry about losing orbit time to time ..

submitted by /u/Rbhadaur
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What is the process by which satellites make electricity from plutonium?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 10:43 AM PST

Do flamingoes always stand on the same leg?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 12:43 PM PST

I can't find research on this besides information on why they stand on one leg.

submitted by /u/simmerandstir
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Thursday, January 11, 2018

If nuclear waste will still be radioactive for thousands of years, why is it not usable?

If nuclear waste will still be radioactive for thousands of years, why is it not usable?


If nuclear waste will still be radioactive for thousands of years, why is it not usable?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 04:47 AM PST

Is there a practical upper limit on the voltage increase I can get from a transformer before a significant loss in efficiency? What is the relationship between the efficiency and turns ratio of a transformer?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 12:42 PM PST

When you "burn fat" how exactly do you loose mass?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 12:55 PM PST

Do we sweat more, poo more, per more?

submitted by /u/OptimalPaddy
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Does age of parents have any effect on which hereditary characteristics are dominant in children?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 11:59 PM PST

How do some elements group together underground?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 04:32 AM PST

If most elements are created during supernovas you would think that they would be uniformly scattered around.

Then why is it some elements (gold, tin, copper etc) seem to be grouped together underground?

submitted by /u/JimJetset
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Why do our muscles become bigger after tearing?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 12:14 AM PST

Why is the visible part of many galaxies flat? What is a dark matter halo and how does it figure into the visible shape of a galaxy?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 08:45 PM PST

Where does the energy come from when matter/antimatter interacts?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 04:07 AM PST

An enormous amount of energy is released when matter and antimatter annihilate each other...Why is that? How is the energy formed?

submitted by /u/NulloK
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Two objects in space are flying towards each other at the speed of light on a direct collision course. What is their speed relative to each other?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 07:08 PM PST

Say you have two objects at a locked distance from each other, A and B. Each object launches something at the other one at the speed of light, objects X and Y. What is the speed of X relative to Y?

submitted by /u/Cosmic_Quasar
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When a radioactive decay event occurs in an element, what determines in which direction an alpha or beta particle is ejected?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 03:55 AM PST

Is the direction of an emitted particle a quantum process or is the direction deterministic?

submitted by /u/Stuck_In_the_Matrix
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Is it possible to create heavier hydrogen isotopes?

Posted: 11 Jan 2018 12:26 AM PST

I know we have three hydrogen isotopes: regular hydrogen, deuterium and tritium. Is it possible to add another neutron to tritium and create even heavier isotope? Or is there some limit how many neutrons can one proton bind? Maybe this next isotope exists but is too unstable and decays almost instantly, and that's why we don't hear about it?

submitted by /u/kapi774
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Why or How stimulated emission works?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 11:35 PM PST

Hello there, I'm an electronic engineering student at Roma tre University and I need your help. In today photonics' class we discussed about laser why they emit and how; I cannot understand the reason why stimulated emission work. We know that an atom, or an electron, at a certain energy level when it's hit by a photon with the right energy it changes its state; in stimulated emission what occurs is that the atom (on level say E2) is hit by a photon with a certain energy (E2-E1)and emits the same photon and then decades emitting another photon of the same kind. I don't understand why it's possible such a thing, I would expect just e reemission of the incident photon because the atom can't stay there but neither go higher. Thanks for you help!

submitted by /u/steflucastef
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I can use a wave function to calculate probability, but what does the function mean?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 03:30 PM PST

Do the real and complex parts mean anything by themselves?

Or let's say you have 2 parameterized wave functions. One of them has magnitude r(x) and direction f(x), and the other has magnitude r(x) and direction g(x). They have the same magnitude parameter, so they agree on the probabilities of a particle appearing at every point of space. But do f(x) and g(x) mean something?

If I had to guess, momentum is some function of the direction parameter, but I don't really have anything to back that up except it's all aesthetic and symmetrical.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/VioletBroregarde
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Is the flu "more deadly" this year in the sense that if you contract it, you have a higher chance of dying than in a normal flu season?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 09:13 AM PST

A friend of mine is over 65 and is concerned about the news reports that this year's flu is "especially deadly". While I understand that the elderly are always at risk, in what way is this year's flu more deadly? Is there something inherent about the flu this year (other than the problems with the vaccine) that makes it worse than other years?

submitted by /u/xpostfact
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When was the sonic boom discovered? What was the general population's reaction?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 07:45 AM PST

Considering how the common man loses his mind with the unknown, I was trying to imagine the news reports and reactions to the first sonic boom.

submitted by /u/TheSpatulaOfLove
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Can nerve endings get fatigued?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 08:43 AM PST

If nerve endings were to get over-stimulated possibly over a prolonged period of time is there any way they could become 'tired,' 'fatigued' or less effective either short term or permanently?

submitted by /u/AtticusLynch
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Why haven’t we come up with a better solution for Telephone Poles/Wires?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 02:52 PM PST

Telephone poles/wires are pretty unglamorous and take up a lot of the visual real estate in a town, neighborhood etc. I've seen a lot of campaigns to removing them—so why haven't we replaced them? And what's being done for new development areas?

submitted by /u/sykora727
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Wednesday, January 10, 2018

Why doesn't a dark chocolate bar break predictably, despite chocolate's homogeneity and deep grooves in the bar?

Why doesn't a dark chocolate bar break predictably, despite chocolate's homogeneity and deep grooves in the bar?


Why doesn't a dark chocolate bar break predictably, despite chocolate's homogeneity and deep grooves in the bar?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 06:36 PM PST

I was eating a dark chocolate bar and noticed even when scored with large grooves half the thickness of the bar, the chocolate wouldn't always split along the line. I was wondering if perhaps it had to do with how the chocolate was tempered or the particle sizes and grain in the ingredients, or something else. I also noticed this happens much less in milk chocolate, which would make sense since it is less brittle.

submitted by /u/your_nuthole
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Why don't microwave ovens vary their frequency to eliminate hot spots?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 04:36 PM PST

It seems that everything else is going solid-state, so why do microwaves continue relying on a rotating platter? Would it be that much harder to vary the frequency and (hopefully) move the nodes & antinodes around?

submitted by /u/aitigie
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AskScience AMA Series: I am a squid biologist, AMA!

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 04:00 AM PST

My name is Sarah McAnulty and I'm a squid biologist at The University of Connecticut! I am currently trying to understand how the Hawaiian bobtail squid's immune system is able to tell the difference between the squid's bioluminescent bacterial partner and other kinds of bacteria. I've worked with cuttlefish camouflage in the past, and worked with octopuses before too! I spend most of time raising squid and working with a confocal microscope, taking videos of the squid's immune cells as they interact with bacteria. On the side I organize a program called Skype a Scientist which matches classrooms and scientists around the world to chat about science!

You can read more about my squid science here: http://bit.ly/2mj24oC

And more about Skype a Scientist here: www.skypeascientist.com

I've also been on Science Friday twice, once to talk squid and another to talk about Skype a Scientist! You can check out those interviews here: https://www.sciencefriday.com/person/sarah-mcanulty/

I'll be on from 12-2 ET (17-19 UT), ask me anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Is there a difference in language between North and South Korea? Is the North’s dialect frozen in time compared to the South?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 10:12 AM PST

How are the assembly languages for different processors turned into higher level programming languages like C?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 04:09 PM PST

I understand the highest level programming languages are written in lower level ones, (ie. java is written in C), but what handles converting C to assembly? Is C rewritten for different processors?

submitted by /u/BananaPuddings
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How does the Leptin protein get transported into the Hypothalamus, more specifically how does it get past the Blood-Brain Barrier?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 05:21 PM PST

The typical rule of thumb is chemical reactions occur more quickly by increasing temperature. Are there reactions that occur more quickly at 'cold' temperatures?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 03:46 AM PST

Why do bullets with particularly high velocities do a better job of penetrating armor?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 02:42 AM PST

One thing I noticed was that lead core 55-grain M193 rounds from an AR-15 will easily poke holes in steel targets rated for rifles at closer ranges because of its velocity.

The slightly heavier 62-grain M855 rounds will leave a divot at close range, but not completely penetrate the steel plates despite the bullet having a steel penetrator.

TFB TV also recently did a video of the 7.5 FK pistol round, which was designed specifically to have a very high velocity, had no problem penetrating armor rated for pistols.

submitted by /u/SelectFireChigga
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What color is the grass at night?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 10:14 PM PST

It's a longstanding family dispute. The Greens and the Blacks don't get along.

Is color an absolute property of an object, or does it change with the light?

submitted by /u/mcgroo
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What happens if I get hit by a gamma ray?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 08:07 AM PST

How does the photon of specific phase that causes stimulated emission in a laser device arise?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 05:29 PM PST

I understand that when a photon of specific properties (phase, wavelength..) comes near an excited atom with sufficient energy, the atom will most probably release a photon that has the same properties as the first photon and will fall to a lower energy state. I understand this is how light is amplified in a laser device after population inversion is achieved. I just don't understand one thing. Where does the photon that causes stimulated emission in the device come from in the first place? I tried to think of an explanation taking spontaneous emissions as a factor and using brewster's window for polarization but that seemed really unintuitve for some reason. Is there an external entity that increases the probability of the spontaneously emitted photons to be in a specific phase? It would be a great help if someone could explain this. Thanks!

submitted by /u/fallendeviL701b
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 07:06 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Would using the alphabet as a base 26 (25?) Number set be useful in cryptography?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 06:43 AM PST

I was thinking about different bases, and with a representing "0", would this give rise to prime number (letter?) Sets and thus give rise to different encryption algorithms?

submitted by /u/froschkonig
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How does wave height effect water pressure below the surface?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 05:35 PM PST

If water pressure equals (density)(gravity)(depth), then does the water pressure at the bottom of the ocean change under surface waves as the depth changes with rising and falling waves?

submitted by /u/kleinyman
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Why does matter collapse in a black hole instead of just getting compressed but at a nonzero volume?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 08:15 PM PST

I was watching the end of something about black holes, and then I realized that the way everyone talks about black holes is that before it becomes a black hole, the matter is just super dense (and presumably compressed), and then once it compresses below the Schwarzschild radius it just splats into a singularity. But why is this? If an object has a radius 1 foot from the Schwarzschild radius, and then it increases in density/compression/whatever that squishes it beneath that radius, why can't the matter just be compressed 1 foot below the Schwarzschild radius? Does space itself collapse or something?

Here is a picture of what I mean: https://i.imgur.com/8ypC4Tp.jpg

submitted by /u/OoglieBooglie93
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How is that once the sun goes down I can get AM radio signals from cities over 2000 km away?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 05:55 PM PST

I live in northern Canada. We have one local AM radio station. I've noticed that sometimes I have trouble getting a clear signal and if I move the dial around I can pick up a few American stations. These are generally from Washington State but I occasionally get stations from much farther south or to the east.

American talk radio is so bizarrely foreign and I can't help but wonder if there's someone on the other end picking up our CBC station with stories of ice quakes, caribou hunts or local politics.

submitted by /u/Rangifar
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How do magnets work at the quantum level?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 07:56 PM PST

I know magnets produce magnetic fields and how magnetic fields work.

What causes magnetic fields and what causes them to work that way on a quantum level.

I know magnets attract materials with electrons of the same spin.

Why do they do this? Why is spin related? And how does this create a magnetic field?

submitted by /u/JackSummers1212
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What is the difference between shock- and soundwave?

Posted: 10 Jan 2018 03:23 AM PST

As the title says, what is the difference? Isn't it basically the same thing, soundwave being a weaker version of shockwave?

Like an explosion - you hear the pop due to pressure "front" reaching your ears, be you close enough - you'll get hit, far away - just a soundwave with no real damage potential. Or am I mixing something?

submitted by /u/Grapister
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Why is ash mostly gray?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 09:15 PM PST

Can you increase the magnetic field of a bar magnet using electromagnetism?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 06:55 PM PST

I've been really interested in electromagnetism lately but don't have much knowledge of the physics behind it. I know that iron rods are generally used in solenoids to produce a stronger magnetic field. I've also read that solenoids produce magnetic fields similar to bar magnets. If you were to use a bar magnet in place of an iron rod in an electromagnet, would it increase the magnetic field of the bar magnet, or would it not be possible? And could you change the shape of the solenoid to create a better magnetic field/amplified field?

submitted by /u/totallyCreativeUsrnm
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How often do cannabis-related studies get published in publications with a high impact factor?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 03:12 PM PST

Perhaps I should do some more digging, but I am not finding any cannabis study coming out of a publication with an impact factor greater than 6. Is Google Scholar the wrong place to look? Do I need special access to university databases to find the current most cited cannabis studies?

submitted by /u/Alphonse25
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Is there any connection, mathematically or linguistically, between angular degrees and temperature degrees?

Posted: 09 Jan 2018 11:29 AM PST

I'm not sure if there is a better subreddit to ask on, as this may or may not have a historical math explanation.

submitted by /u/Alaskan_Thunder
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