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Sunday, December 24, 2017

What did the SapceX Falcon 9 rocket launch look the way it did?

What did the SapceX Falcon 9 rocket launch look the way it did?


What did the SapceX Falcon 9 rocket launch look the way it did?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 08:18 AM PST

Why did it look like some type of cloud, is that just vapor trails or something else? (I also don't really know what flair I should add so I just put the one that makes the most sense)

submitted by /u/Magikarp_used_fly
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Why are so many mathematical constants irrational?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 10:17 AM PST

Does listening to audio with one ear or watching something with one eye have an effect on how the information is processed/remembered?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 12:05 PM PST

How do current concepts of fusion reactors manage to have both a super-heated plasma and super-cooled magnets right next to each other?

Posted: 24 Dec 2017 02:34 AM PST

As far as I know we wouldn't be able to fly a spaceship very close to the sun due to (among other reasons), not having the necessary technology/materials to shield against the heat properly.

Then how come we can do it in a fusion reactor, on a much more extreme scale? I realize the vacuum helps, but that would be the case in space too. Meanwhile the plasma is hotter than the sun, and the magnets are cooler than the inside of a spaceship would have to be. What am I missing?

submitted by /u/Drycee
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How can super low frequencies of electromagnet radiation (eg. radio waves) and super high frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (eg. gamma rays) pass through walls, but the frequencies in between can't?

Posted: 24 Dec 2017 12:23 AM PST

Does changing temperature have "inertia?"

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 08:54 PM PST

When anything with mass, let's say a liter of water, changes temperature, can that change in temperature have any sort of "inertia?" For example, if I boil a liter of water, and then put it in a freezer that is exactly 0°C; does the temperature simply fall to zero, or can it build "inertia," that would cause the water's temperature to dip below zero, and then effectively "rebound" and settle at 0°C?

submitted by /u/overrated_barracuda
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Why does firing clay prevent water from making it malleable again?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 08:01 AM PST

When designing ultra large buildings, LIDO and LHC, do architects have to take the curvature of the Earth into account?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 09:19 PM PST

When i kick a bucket of water (tranfering energy to it) and the water swirls arround. when it settles, where does the energy go? Does the water get warmer?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 10:36 AM PST

edit: thanks to everyone!

submitted by /u/overlydelicioustea
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Apart from Pluto being small what made them decide to change the status of the planet?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 09:32 PM PST

How do cell towers send unique data streams to thousands of phones simultaneously?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 07:20 PM PST

It seems like there are too many phones in a city to use unique radio frequencies without heavy interference between signals.

submitted by /u/arrowman6677
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Why don't the electrons in the wires that power your household appliances get disturbed by radio waves the way electrons in an antenna do?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 11:14 AM PST

What's the difference? Also I know electrons in wires "crawl" really slowly along the wire, is this the case with an antenna as well? (i always imagined electrons "sloshing" up and down the full length of an antenna, moving really fast)

submitted by /u/ch1214ch
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How dangerous are the gravitational waves from two merging black holes if orbiting nearby?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 01:45 PM PST

For example let's say a planet was orbiting two black holes that are merging (how likely a thing like this actually is besides that point but an interesting question too none the less). Would the extreme stretching and compressing of spacetime doing something akin to the Roche limit and tear this planet apart, at least temporarily?

I presume the answer depends on the mass of the two black holes and the self gravity of the planet. But in general if the answer is yes being nearby two merging black holes would be extremely dangerous, could a neighboring solar system that contains life suffer a mass extinction or total extinction if their system is say 4-6 light years from the two merging black holes?

Could a merging of two supermassive black holes produce gravitational waves strong enough to not only tear apart gravitationally bounded objects but also tear apart chemically bounded objects; spaghettification?

submitted by /u/TIL_this_shit
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How much energy is there in a single nuclear rod?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 01:42 PM PST

We temper the energy released in nuclear reactors with control rods, which reduces the potential energy we can use from the rods emissions, but how much potential energy do nuclear rods contain before being used in nuclear power stations?

submitted by /u/myotherpresence
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A question about Fermat's Principle of Least Time: what is the proper way to think about "what happens" when light moves to satisfy a global, rather than local, optimization problem. Do you take it as a given behavior of light, an axiom, or as something that can be further explained?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 07:27 PM PST

When introduced to the concept, I was told that the light somehow "knew" to act like this, and that we can essentially take that as a property of light, axiomatically. Then I was told that it can be explained as a consequence of Huygen's Theorem and constructive interference (although, I was never shown the explanation). Then I was told that in QED, it again is just taken as an axiom!

What do you think is the most physically reasonable way to justify this apparent global-not-local character that light has? Is it really just an axiom you take as true?

submitted by /u/seanziewonzie
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What tests are performed to evaluate the quality of household disinfectants?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 10:41 AM PST

Household cleaners (Clorox, Lysol, etc) often claim to kill "99.9% of all germs." However, upon inspection, it is not immediately clear what is meant by that number. Given that it is practically impossible to test a disinfectant on every known strain of infectious agents, it stands to reason that a certain subset of infectious agents are purposefully grown and subjected to the disinfectant, and the number of live cells left after exposure quantified. It is therefore reasonable to assume that "germs" in this context refers to the tested strains. This logic leads to the following questions:

  1. Are these statements in reference to any particular standard battery of tests, or merely just ad hoc marketing statements that vary from product to product?
  2. If such standards exist, what strains comprise them? How can such standards fail?
  3. If they do not exist, how can a concerned but uneducated consumer quantitatively compare the effectiveness particular products over, say simple rubbing alcohol?

TLDR: How can I know one disinfectant is more effective than another for general purpose household use?

submitted by /u/PronouncedOiler
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How do websites check to see how secure your password is?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 09:20 PM PST

On the other hand, how do programs hack into your password? Do they start off with numeric and turns into letters shouldn't "password" be a pretty safe password?

submitted by /u/peterthefatman
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Does empty space or a void have a temperature, and if so what would be required to raise the temperature of a void?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 08:08 PM PST

What does it mean for a particle to have a charge?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 07:41 PM PST

I'm struggling a little to put this question into words, so I hope that it makes sense. I understand that a proton has +1 charge, an electron -1, &c. But what does that mean for the particle? Does that mean something beyond the repulsive effect between particles with opposite charge?

submitted by /u/HickoryMountain
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What causes the glowing bubble around Falcon 9?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 07:26 AM PST

Will a positively charged object attract a neutral object?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 05:08 PM PST

Imagine that you have one rod of copper and one rod of wool and you rub them against eachother, will the wool attract something like paper now?

submitted by /u/Ultima_Mente
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How would one apply shell theorem (if at all) to an incomplete shell?

Posted: 23 Dec 2017 05:01 PM PST

In a typical 2-D shell theorem problem, an object outside the shell views the shell as equivalent to a point-mass, and once inside the shell the gravitational forces cancel out entirely. This got me thinking a bit about how the mechanics would change if the small gap through which the external object would enter, normally hand-waived away as being insignificant and/or virtual, was actually a legitimate structural element of the shell i.e. the shell had a small arclength removed (let's say corresponding to a small angle theta).

How would this impact the interaction between the two objects? I expect the outward-facing interaction would be similar, but would the object now experience a net force within the incomplete shell? Would that force drive the object to the center of mass of the shell, and if so can that location be calculated by finding the centroid of the circular segment?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_theorem

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_centroids#Centroids

submitted by /u/Treephone
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Saturday, December 23, 2017

Are there other problems like random/drunk walk and cross-product which have significantly different solutions depending on the number of dimensions?

Are there other problems like random/drunk walk and cross-product which have significantly different solutions depending on the number of dimensions?


Are there other problems like random/drunk walk and cross-product which have significantly different solutions depending on the number of dimensions?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:38 PM PST

A random walk (drunkard's walk) in one or two dimension will 100%* at some point return to its starting point. In three or more dimensions, a random walk is not guaranteed to return to its starting point.

Another example is the cross product, which is only defined in three and seven dimensions. There is no two-dimensional cross product.

Are there other problems whose solutions (or lack thereof) differ dramatically depending on how many dimensions the problem has?

*100% meaning "almost surely"

C.f. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_product

submitted by /u/TheNerdyBoy
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How does CRISPR or other gene editing go about overwriting cell information so they know to replicate the new type of cell?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:58 PM PST

I don't know much about cellular biology but I was just reading a post on how they're doing CRISPR trials on lab rats to treat ALS and I started wondering how can they reprogram an entire organisms' cells to know to build themselves differently?

submitted by /u/VirtuallySober
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How do programmers (for hardware) test their code before just... installing it and running it?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 07:31 PM PST

Why are some vaccinations live virus while some are not?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 12:30 PM PST

Why are some vaccinations "required" to use the live attenuated virus rather than dead? Is there a biological reason why only some viruses are still effective dead, or do they both work but there is a preference for live virus in some cases?

I know that, for example, immunocompromised patients can not get a live-virus vaccine, which could leave them open to illness. Wouldn't it be better overall to use "dead" virus vaccinations in all cases to get more herd immunity coverage?

submitted by /u/kuuzo
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why are snowflakes flat, instead of 3D?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 09:36 AM PST

Why is it that, when I leave a crystal lying in the sun for a long time, it loses its color?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 02:32 PM PST

One time when I was buying some crystals, the person selling them said not to do this, because they'll lose the color, but never actually explained why.

submitted by /u/Meteorite12
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Why does our mouth produce more saliva when we gag or are about to throw up?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 11:00 AM PST

Austin Eubanks, a Columbine survivor, says "In order to heal [emotional trauma], you have to feel it." Are there scientific studies that back up this assertion? Are there any exceptions to this rule?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 09:17 AM PST

Austin's statement mirrors conventional wisdom regarding recovery from trauma, but I'd like to dig in further. What's the science on this? Are there scenarios where allowing oneself to experience and confront emotional trauma might be counterproductive?

What about timing? Austin confronted his grief after years of self-medicating his emotions. Could he have recovered sooner if he confronted his grief immediately after the shooting? Or is it possible that trauma victims might need time for grief to subside to a manageable level before confronting it? Can grief subside while one is medicating it? If you can't feel it, can you still heal in some way?

Would appreciate any links to empirical research regarding these questions!

submitted by /u/tacobellscannon
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Can torture victims develop conversion disorder to deal with the pain?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:53 AM PST

Conversion disorder seems to produce psychogenic loss of sensation (various senses) under extreme stress. Why not as a defense mechanism, and can it be done at will for soldiers or a substitute for anesthesia in surgery?

submitted by /u/Flinch123
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Ignoring computer power, is there a maximum limit of the speed of the internet?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 04:19 AM PST

Like with the fastest computer/router would we have theoretically infinite speeds?

submitted by /u/Pidiotpong
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Does taking antibiotics affect the gut bacteria in any way?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 08:51 AM PST

As I understand it, taking antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. So, if I take antibiotics then it should also have an effect on my gut bacteria. Is this correct?

submitted by /u/FakeFeynman
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Friday, December 22, 2017

How does the body decide where to store fat?

How does the body decide where to store fat?


How does the body decide where to store fat?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 05:52 AM PST

In general, females seem to store fat around the hips and thighs, males around the gut. Why? How does the body decide where to store fat?

submitted by /u/Senior0422
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How does a video game or software randomly decide something?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 09:21 AM PST

I've been wondering this for a long time and has never really found an answer to this.

When a game has a certain percentage chance of getting a critical hit for instance, how does it decide wether or not give you one? I don't quite understand how a computer can just randomly decide something without having a real conscience. It's not like in real life where you can flip a coin or something, it has to have a certain pattern instead, right?

submitted by /u/ArmyAndStuff
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Goldstone is a glassy material with tiny metal crystals suspended in it; copper makes it orange, cobalt blue, chromium green and manganese purple. Are there other metals (gold, silver, titanium) that can be used in this way, and what colour glass do they make?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:14 AM PST

There isn't a huge amount of information on the wiki page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstone_(glass) ) but basically it's a glass melted with metal oxides and melted in a low-oxygen environment until it becomes a deeply-coloured glass with sparkly little metal crystals suspended within. Invented in Venice because of course it was.

I have some of the standard orange and the blue and I looked up what the 'blue goldstone' was, and found it was made with a different metal - hence the question.

Thank you!

submitted by /u/SongsOfDragons
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Are humans the only animals that view things as 'cute'?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 05:58 AM PST

I once read in a book, I believe, that infant animals have large pupils in order to have a cuteness factor, so that they are not immediately killed when seen by another animal. Are humans the only animals that perceive this 'cuteness factor'?

submitted by /u/andrewruegsegger
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Is it really better for your hair not to use shampoo?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 05:45 AM PST

Does insects or animals get bored?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 07:36 PM PST

I started thinking about how boring it was for a spider sitting on my wall for two days straigth, same spot, not dead (I blew on it, and it reacted). Don't they get "bored" sitting there? Or is it that they are not sentient that removes that ability to feel bored?

What about dogs, cats etc?

submitted by /u/KimJungFu
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How are huge prime numbers with hundreds of digits generated?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:02 AM PST

Like those used in RSA encryption.

submitted by /u/zSilverFox
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Why do most poisonous household products say “Do not induce vomiting?”

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:45 AM PST

It seems like if you drink poison you'd want to get it out of your stomach quickly before it gets absorbed. Not inducing vomiting seems counterintuitive.

submitted by /u/sixboogers
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Are there fungi that live completely underwater?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 07:02 PM PST

What happens to your muscles after you warm up? Why does it result in a reduced chance of injury?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 09:25 AM PST

What's the highest temperature we reproduced?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 04:18 AM PST

Be it in a lab or thru a human-made device such as a bomb.

submitted by /u/blues-brother90
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Why are gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the flu only for children?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:03 AM PST

According to Wikipedia, under symptoms of influenza it says "In children, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain". It goes on to say "Diarrhea is not normally a symptom of influenza in adults". (The references for these statements appear to be physical texts, so I have not been able to check the sources.)

I can understand that in many illnesses, effects may be worse for children than adults due to less developed immune systems, less exposure to similar conditions, or literally just less body mass to cope with it - but from the wording this appears to be a more fundamental thing.

So why are these symptoms only seen in children? Or have I misunderstood the article?

submitted by /u/cfmdobbie
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How strong were ancient telescopes?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:35 AM PST

Just wondering how strong the telescopes used by the astronomers who first discovered planets were. Like were they the strength of a kids telsescope today from a Walmart or did they have something beefier?

And a side question, are there still areas on earth with night skies as dark as they would have been for the ancient astronomers?

submitted by /u/KingOblepias
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Could the radiation in space be used to peer into the gas giants?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:23 AM PST

If you have a capacitor in parallel with a cell and a resistor, why does the maximum voltage through the resistor before charging never equal the voltage of the capacitor after charging?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 06:42 AM PST

How Important is handwashing / sterility to the practice of medicine?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 06:31 PM PST

I recently learned that Doctors didn't understand the need to wash their hands prior to surgery until the 1840's. Wikipedia tells me this is due to a failure to understand how germs are spread.

I have practically no formal medical training (CPR, Heimlich), but I know that you should wash your hands to avoid the spread of disease, and that Chlorine Bleach is good for sanitizing metal tools, and Alcohol is a good disinfectant, and I know that bloodletting doesn't help. Would that make me the best doctor of 1839? Would I be easily outclassed by medical professionals, despite their unwashed cadaver dissecting hands?

So much of... pop culture emphasize the mistakes / foolishness of the past. How advanced was a trained doctor of the 1830's? Was cleanliness, and an understanding of how diseases transfer a major threshold for the field of medicine, or just an incremental advancement?

submitted by /u/tag8833
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Where do bees go during colony collapse?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 07:21 PM PST

Recently I've been reading about Colony Collapse Disorder and how, contrary to my previous assumptions, it's not just bees dropping dead in the hive, but seemingly just disappearing or abandoning it without going through the ordinary procedure. Are these adult bees just wandering around aimlessly until they die? Going about their daily duties but getting lost? Do we even know or have any hypothesis or is it a total mystery?

submitted by /u/TheWormInWaiting
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What is the actual reason why noble gases are chemically inert?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 05:54 AM PST

I know that the standard reason in textbooks is that their valence shells are full, but why should that in turn cause them to be chemically inert? What is it about full valence shells that causes atoms to be inert?

I guess another way of asking the same question would be: what is the deeper reason for the octet rule in Chemistry?

submitted by /u/krantibum
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How small does a celestial object need to be in order to be shaped into a sphere by it's own gravity? [Astronomy - Planetary Formation]

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 05:30 PM PST

Maybe I'm not asking this question correctly.. just popped in my head and was curious so here I am, r/askscience!

submitted by /u/shredthesweetpow
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What's wrong with this argument of going faster than speed of light?

Posted: 22 Dec 2017 03:29 AM PST

I read somewhere, that say, if I point a laser at the northern most part of Jupiter here from Earth, and then in less than a millisecond, I twist my wirst so that the laser now is at southern most point, the laser would have travelled a very large distance, and with some calculations, we can show that the speed of the tip of laser was greater than that of light.

Now, I know breaking the barrier isn't possible, but could anyone please explain to me what wrong is it that I'm doing here... :)

submitted by /u/carbon_c60
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Would stirring water really fast make it warmer?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 08:12 AM PST

If I were able to stir water extremely fast, would it be possible to bring it to a boiling point?

submitted by /u/DiogenicOrder
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Many businesses under the new US tax plan stated they will not be allocating more money into capital investments. Instead, many will be issuing stock buybacks and dividend increases. What, from an economic perspective, drives this decision?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 07:11 AM PST

Can a material under high stress break at random without any additional change to the system?

Posted: 21 Dec 2017 01:06 PM PST

Lets say a ballpoint pen is pushing on the centre of a tensioned sheet of foil so that the foil is as close to its breaking point as possible. If there are no external changes (vibrations, temperature change, etc.) could the foil still randomly snap?

This was just an analogy similar to the situation that had me puzzling, but apply it to the breaking point of any material if preferable.

submitted by /u/Stimulated_Bacon
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