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Tuesday, December 12, 2017

Is there a limit on how long a power cord can be?

Is there a limit on how long a power cord can be?


Is there a limit on how long a power cord can be?

Posted: 12 Dec 2017 01:44 AM PST

Probably a stupid question, but I was joking around about ice frozen on the moon, and how we can melt it by using a hair drier with a super long cord. This got me thinking though… if there was a cord that long, there'd be a huge delay as the electricty travels up the wire.

But then I thought even more… would the electricity even reach the hair drier? Is there a limit to how far electricity can travelalong a wire? I imagine some of the energy is lost when it has to travel. So, would a power cord to the moon even work?

submitted by /u/Vicorin
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I know it takes two weeks for the flu vaccine to be fully effective. I assume effectiveness is zero right before the vaccine is administered, and maximum after two weeks. But is there a graph that shows how effectiveness changes in time?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 12:40 PM PST

Basically, I'm curious to know, for example, when is it 50% effective, or how soon does it get to 90%, etc.

I'm sure data exists that could allow plotting that graph - I just could not find it myself. Thanks!

submitted by /u/florinandrei
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Why the Antarctic ice cap stays in one place and does not drift freely like an iceberg?

Posted: 12 Dec 2017 12:35 AM PST

Also, what is the size of the largest iceberg that can break off and drift away? Like, can the massive ice cap break in half and one half escapes?

submitted by /u/promieniowanie
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Why is the separation constant for the radial equation of the Hydrogen atom in the form of L(L+1)?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 02:46 PM PST

Hello everyone,

I know that solving the Schrodinger equation for the Hydrogen atom requires separation of variables. When doing this, why are the separation constants of a particular form? E.g. the separation constant for the radial equation is l(l+1), rather than just, say, l. What is the reason for this?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/DoctorKokktor
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Why can some viruses (smallpox, polio) be virtually eradicated while others cannot (HIV, influenza)?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 08:57 PM PST

I have a few ideas, but would like to learn some more concrete and detailed reasons.

submitted by /u/pgreen08
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How does a coax splitter work?

Posted: 12 Dec 2017 02:43 AM PST

I've seen the inside of it and it looks like a bunch of resistors and capacitors between the input and output, so I'm assuming it's doing some noise filtering.

Why would you do this? Don't you want whatever's at the input to be exactly the output?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Is there a link between a metal being conductive from an electric standpoint and it being magnetic? If so, what is the cause?

Posted: 12 Dec 2017 01:36 AM PST

For example, lead is a great conductor of electricity, but you can't stick a magnet to it. If electromagnetism is one unified aspect of physics, how is this reconciled with the differences between two seemingly separate aspects of physics? Or if I'm wording the question wrong, how should we separate aspects of electricity and magnetism?

submitted by /u/CraptainHammer
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If the capacity of a battery charging another battery drops below that of the receiving battery, will it stop transferring electricity since the electrons will no longer prefer to leave the lower energy "state" of the drained battery?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:01 PM PST

Is the above reverse motion of electrons to the lower-capacity battery prevented by the orientation of + and - wires, or would the partitioned layout of the cathodes and anodes prevent it? I am assuming entropy would be the main motivation for electricity stopping its flow if the above is true.

submitted by /u/ssinatra3
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If our bodies are conductive, can holding a battery between two fingers deplete it completely?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 06:25 PM PST

Let's say you have a new AAA battery and hold it between your thumb and index finger. Given that the human body has some resistance, but is still conductive, if you hold it for a long enough time, can you deplete it completely? How long would it take?

submitted by /u/silviakcamara
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What can stop and/or destroy a black hole?

Posted: 12 Dec 2017 12:59 AM PST

Can black holes be stopped somehow or they continue endlessly to absorve everything around them?

submitted by /u/AsymaCr
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How/why are so many mathematical proofs and theorems contingent on the Riemann hypothesis being true?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 10:41 AM PST

How is it possible to prove anything using an unproven theorem? Is the converse also true (that is, if the Riemann hypothesis is false, are theories contingent on it also proven false?)

What type of theorems depend on the Riemann hypothesis? How is it useful to make such an assumption?

submitted by /u/piecat
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Are there any ant species that don’t live in colonies?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 06:38 PM PST

Do they update the voyager software?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 08:04 AM PST

I was watching a documentary on the voyager satellites yesterday and was wondering about the software on it.

Has the software been unchanged since it launched? If you could send a signal to earth from that far away could you issue software updates as needed?

Also, what language was the software coded in?

Thanks reddit!

submitted by /u/The_Peter_Quill
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How did the Russian Woodpecker receiver work?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 09:16 PM PST

So I (roughly) understand how the Russian Woodpecker's OTH radar worked. Bouncing radio waves over the horizon, interpreting the bounce back, and extrapolating moving objects therein. But I've always wondered about the enormous array at Chernobyl, which I only found out today was just the receiver, with the transmitter about 50km away. How did the enormous receiver work to catch signals? Why all the crazy trapezoids/funky shapes? What actually 'caught' the signal and what was just support? If this was an effective design, why don't we see it elsewhere?

submitted by /u/polishprocessors
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What is meant by the heat death of the universe?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 06:55 PM PST

Does it mean something like all matter will cease to exist or will it return to a state similar to "time" (even though time technically doesn't start before the big bang if I am not mistaken) before the big bang? Or are these ideas completely off?

From a basic google search, it says that it is a state where entropy cannot increase and thermodynamic processes can no longer occur. What does this mean for the matter of the universe?

submitted by /u/Haz_Matt
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Does language affect learning and studying?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 06:12 AM PST

What I mean by this is do different languages explain concepts better and can you learn something better in another language. Say person A is equally fluent in 2 languages and the person is studying something which has specific terms and concepts. Is it better to study with one language than the other. Could it be different when studying in different ways(viewing, listening).

submitted by /u/Santru10
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If the strength of an acid is based on concentration, why are acids like Sulfuric Acid always considered so dangerous compared to others?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 06:40 PM PST

I was in a lap and we were working with acetic acid (vinegar) and it was highly concentrated. This idiot says something along the lines of Vinegar aint dangerous and takes a sip. I then watched him spit out his gums.

Why is it that acids like Sulfuric, Nitic, etc are always portrayed as these ultimately corrosive substances despite concentration? Is there something to these "famous" acids that make them more deadly?

And arent bases scarier to spill on you?

submitted by /u/Neato_Orpheus
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From what I have learnt so far, refrigerators use chlorofluorocarbons for cooling. Do these chlorofluorocarbons run out after some time? If yes how are they replenished?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 07:29 AM PST

Microwave Ovens and Wi-Fi Signals Operate at The Same Frequency (2.4GHz). What Makes Microwave Ovens More Dangerous?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 08:39 PM PST

A small amount of Googling tells me it has to do with the power supplied. What I'm looking for is an easy and succinct explanation to convince a friend, who says wi-fi is just as dangerous because they have the same frequency, that there is a difference. I can't get through to him and may be a lost cause, but I'm not great with words in the heat of the moment so feel like I'm failing him, when I should have an answer.

submitted by /u/BumblingCumbersnatch
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Monday, December 11, 2017

Why is the Congo River so deep?

Why is the Congo River so deep?


Why is the Congo River so deep?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 09:52 PM PST

I just read that the Congo River is, like, 220m deep. The Nile apparently is only about 8 to 11 m deep on average. And it is double the Amazon's 100m.

I mean 220m is basically the depth of Lake Huron. Motherfucker is DEEP.

But ... why?

submitted by /u/thencaapawardgoesto
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When water does down the drain, why does it always go down the drain in a form of whirlpool.?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:31 AM PST

What causes the thick mist/fog that I frequently see coming off of mountains in my area?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 11:54 PM PST

I live in the temperate rainforest biome that's in the Pacific Northwest of North America. I frequently see intensely heavy mist/fog[?] drifting up off the mountains close to me. What causes that? Is it a mist or a fog or low clouds, or what? Does this happen to other mountains or only those in similar rainforest areas?

submitted by /u/slinkslowdown
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What makes things transparent?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 03:48 AM PST

i mean, i know they ARE transparent, i just don't know why? what makes a solid, liquid or gas transparent.

submitted by /u/buster1324
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What allows certain cars and airplanes to have their own Wifi?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 03:36 AM PST

I know some cars in the US and a lot of major airlines all have the ability to generate their own wifi networks. What allows them to do this without wires? (!IF Computing,Computing)

submitted by /u/Disrupter52
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Many poisonous and venomous vertebrates get their toxins from toxic arthropods that form part of their diets. Why can't they just form the toxins themselves the same ways their prey do?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:58 PM PST

If aliens were to look at earth through a telescope from 65 million lightyears away, would they see dinosaurs?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 10:48 AM PST

How Bayes rule was used to help with aiming cannons?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:57 AM PST

I am listening to The Theory That Would Not Die.

At some point it is said that Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand used the Bayes rule to solve the artillery aiming problem. He produced a table that helped gunners to aim?!?

I am studying statistics and Ive got a basic idea on how to apply Bayes rule to classical problems like: Suppose that you are worried that you might have a rare disease...

but I can't see how can it be used with the cannon aiming problem?

submitted by /u/kocur4d
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Why does fire flicker?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:59 PM PST

What exactly is string theory and how does it work?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:23 PM PST

Are initial telomere lengths fairly consistent in mammals? Barring external circumstances, do they decay at the same rate?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 04:50 PM PST

Human telomeres decay at roughly 26 base pairs per year, and can have up to 15,000 base pairs initially. Do animals such as mice or apes have roughly the same level of decay and initial BP count as humans, barring external influence?

submitted by /u/rushtheheat
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I understand conduction and radiation as modes of heat transfer, but convection confuses me. Why does fluid moving over an object remove heat from it as opposed to adding heat due to friction?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 09:54 PM PST

What happens to the brain as you fall asleep? Are certain proteins released to induce sleep? Is it seen as a voluntary or involuntary action?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 03:20 PM PST

How do transitors amplify?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 05:43 PM PST

I'm trying to learn this for an exam but I am still missing something after watching this https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukDKVHnac4 I know they work as a switch without moving parts and what doping is, but how do transistors amplify, why is the electron flow increased in one of the circuits?

submitted by /u/Mcpostface
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Is there a limit to the energy density of batteries?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:04 AM PST

Could they ever overtake fuels such as kerosene/gasoline?

submitted by /u/JackA7X
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Why does an animal like the sea otter have a long gestation period (145-325 days) but only have a lifespan of 15 years or so. Is there a relationship between gestation period and lifespan across marine mammals like that/or any other mammal?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:24 PM PST

Which modern encryption standards would be both practical to implement on a large scale using technology from the 1940s and still effectively unbreakable today?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:29 PM PST

An Advanced Encryption Standard/Rijndael style code obviously wouldn't have been practical until recently due to computing limitations, and I assume the same goes for 90's era public key cryptography, with its large keys. But what do we have (other than one-time-pads) that could have been implemented during WW2 and still been secure through to today? Are any of these immune to the operator mistakes that compromised Enigma? Thanks!

submitted by /u/HembraunAirginator
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What is the significance of a quasar discovered at 690 million years after big bang?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:40 PM PST

Nature recently published a letter "An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5"

NPR published on this a few days ago.

It is obviously interesting that such a giant black hole is present, and discovered at a record-setting age. But is there any reason to think that there might be much older black holes, relatively speaking, e.g., at 1% of universe age, or whenever it was cool enough for them to cohere? Is this discovery likely at the edge of what was possible?

submitted by /u/warm_kitchenette
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How do particle accelerators such as the LHC detect particle collision products?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 02:03 AM PST

How much does it actually cost to maintain the internet?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 08:25 PM PST

Why does water not heat up through the friction created by movement (ocean waves/shaking it in a bottle)?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:54 PM PST

How do drug companies decide on the form(s) of delivery for a given drug?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:44 PM PST

That is, are there sometimes reasons to go with, say, a tablet rather than a sprinkle capsule, gel cap, or liquid suspension? Do the different forms have advantages and disadvantages compared to the others?

Sometimes the choice is obvious--an inhaler has to be inhaled, for example--but in other cases, what, if anything guides that choice?

submitted by /u/LeakyLycanthrope
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Sunday, December 10, 2017

What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?

What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?


What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 08:24 AM PST

So, two days ago, I was a happy healthy guy who could lift 50 pound bags of cat litter, run (literally) a few blocks down to the corner store, and leap out of bed in the morning when I wake up. I now have a cold. Coughing, sneezing, phlegm, headache, etc. I am also very weak and can barely walk my body across the room. What specifically is causing this? Are all the body's resources tied up in fighting the virus or has the virus itself actually somehow made my muscles weak?

In a week or so, I'll be better and back to normal, but it's weird how even though my muscles have not had time to deteriorate due to lack of use, it seems like they're only one third there.

submitted by /u/alternatethinking
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Is there a coating that you can put on a surface to make it easier for frost to form on the surface?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:51 AM PST

I've seen videos of patterns painted on a sidewalk with hydrophobic paint, so that when it rains a pattern appears on the sidewalk. Could something similar be done with frost, except to attract frost rather than prevent it? Thanks.

submitted by /u/ignorantwanderer
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Why are hail storms so short?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:49 AM PST

We get rain and snow that will carry on for days at a time without let up, but hail storms only seem to last for a short period of time (at least, they do in the UK). Why is this?

submitted by /u/pjdcy
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Why do bigger and heavier molecules have a higher boiling point compared to smaller and lighter molecules?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 04:19 AM PST

Hi! Am a grade 10 student thats very confused about this.

Our teacher told us its the intermolecular forces for covalent compounds that decides on wether or not the boiling point is high, but also told us that the size of the molecule did too. The books we have (and some sites on the internet) listed weight and the "space" the molecule took up as two reasons as to why the bounds became stronger, but i dont understand why its like that.

Someone told me that its also because the molecules place themselves in crystal-like structures (we talked about sugar molecules). Why its like that and whats the reason that sugar places itself like crystals while for example water does.

submitted by /u/calmlystressed
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Are there any predators that hunt for sport rather than for food?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:56 AM PST

Well, my question is pretty much all there is to it.

Since humans hunt for sport besides for food, so there must be some other apex predator so advanced that it doesn't need to hunt for food all the time and can actually hunt for sport.

submitted by /u/concernedindianguy
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Where does the extra energy come from in blueshift?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 02:28 PM PST

I'm currently doing A level physics where we are learning about special relativity and I was wondering, if an object is moving towards a stationary spectator at high speed (close to the speed of light) and the light from it appears to have a higher frequency (due to the Doppler effect) and higher frequency light waves have more energy, where does the extra energy come from.

From the objects frame of reference, the light has less energy than it does from the frame of reference of the stationary spectator but would this not break the first law of thermodynamics?

submitted by /u/squirtle67
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Why is it that magnets affected older Computer Monitors, whereas now they don't?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 12:59 PM PST

When I was young my friend had a very strong magnet; when she put it in front of her monitor (those old big ones with glass screens) there were weird color distortions.

submitted by /u/tarotblades
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If salt is made up of Na+ and Cl- ions in a crystal lattice, why don’t individual grains of salt bond together to form one grain?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 07:08 PM PST

Are there any viruses that attack other viruses?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 10:37 AM PST

There are viruses that attack every kind of living cell, but do any attack other viruses? I doubt a virus cell is capible of producing other viruses within themselves, but could a virus "hijack" another virus so the victim carried the attacker's DNA as well/instead?

submitted by /u/TriadHero117
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How can water evaporate before reaching its boiling point?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 11:31 AM PST

You know on a hot day in the summer your driveway will be pretty hot but nowhere near 100 degrees. How is it that if you dropped a cup of water on it the water would be evaporated within a matter of minutes?

submitted by /u/justbig
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Why is my reflection in the mirror backwards, but not upside-down?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 09:25 AM PST

I have wondered this since I was a child. I am now a full-grown middle-aged man and still don't have an answer. Please help!

submitted by /u/akambe
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Do aquatic animals get the "bends"?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 08:04 PM PST

Why not (if they don't), and how do they deal with it (if they do)?

submitted by /u/Im_int
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In programming, we can manually define functions for computers to perform tasks, but how do we program computers to actually understand what multiply, divide, add, subtract and equal actually mean and how to use them?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 09:32 AM PST

Why does sending thousands of files (e.g. mp3) takes so much time than sending (from one device to another device) a single file of the same size as of the total size of those thousands files?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 07:40 AM PST

I tried to move my music files from my phone to PC today. The estimated time was more 40 minutes. But had I moved a single file of the same size, it wouldn't have taken more than 5 minutes. Why?

submitted by /u/WhatHowWhy2016
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Is a a banana powered nuclear reactor possible?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 01:33 PM PST

Since the potassium in bananas is radioactive, is it possible to have a nuclear reactor that only uses bananas as a fuel?

And if you can, how many would you need to create enough power to run the average city?

submitted by /u/netherbawss235
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What constitutes the choice of units in blood lab reports?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 01:38 PM PST

I was looking at a lab report of a family member's, and I was especially interested in the units of the test components in her Comp. Metabolic Panel (14) test. Some of them included: Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Carbon dioxide; Calcium. Na, K, Cl, and CO2 are measured in mmol/L, whereas Ca is measured in mg/dL. All of the tests were Serum except CO2. So what differentiates calcium from the rest?

submitted by /u/XXXtaxation
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