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Monday, December 11, 2017

Why is the Congo River so deep?

Why is the Congo River so deep?


Why is the Congo River so deep?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 09:52 PM PST

I just read that the Congo River is, like, 220m deep. The Nile apparently is only about 8 to 11 m deep on average. And it is double the Amazon's 100m.

I mean 220m is basically the depth of Lake Huron. Motherfucker is DEEP.

But ... why?

submitted by /u/thencaapawardgoesto
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When water does down the drain, why does it always go down the drain in a form of whirlpool.?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:31 AM PST

What causes the thick mist/fog that I frequently see coming off of mountains in my area?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 11:54 PM PST

I live in the temperate rainforest biome that's in the Pacific Northwest of North America. I frequently see intensely heavy mist/fog[?] drifting up off the mountains close to me. What causes that? Is it a mist or a fog or low clouds, or what? Does this happen to other mountains or only those in similar rainforest areas?

submitted by /u/slinkslowdown
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What makes things transparent?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 03:48 AM PST

i mean, i know they ARE transparent, i just don't know why? what makes a solid, liquid or gas transparent.

submitted by /u/buster1324
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What allows certain cars and airplanes to have their own Wifi?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 03:36 AM PST

I know some cars in the US and a lot of major airlines all have the ability to generate their own wifi networks. What allows them to do this without wires? (!IF Computing,Computing)

submitted by /u/Disrupter52
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Many poisonous and venomous vertebrates get their toxins from toxic arthropods that form part of their diets. Why can't they just form the toxins themselves the same ways their prey do?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:58 PM PST

If aliens were to look at earth through a telescope from 65 million lightyears away, would they see dinosaurs?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 10:48 AM PST

How Bayes rule was used to help with aiming cannons?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:57 AM PST

I am listening to The Theory That Would Not Die.

At some point it is said that Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand used the Bayes rule to solve the artillery aiming problem. He produced a table that helped gunners to aim?!?

I am studying statistics and Ive got a basic idea on how to apply Bayes rule to classical problems like: Suppose that you are worried that you might have a rare disease...

but I can't see how can it be used with the cannon aiming problem?

submitted by /u/kocur4d
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Why does fire flicker?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:59 PM PST

What exactly is string theory and how does it work?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:23 PM PST

Are initial telomere lengths fairly consistent in mammals? Barring external circumstances, do they decay at the same rate?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 04:50 PM PST

Human telomeres decay at roughly 26 base pairs per year, and can have up to 15,000 base pairs initially. Do animals such as mice or apes have roughly the same level of decay and initial BP count as humans, barring external influence?

submitted by /u/rushtheheat
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I understand conduction and radiation as modes of heat transfer, but convection confuses me. Why does fluid moving over an object remove heat from it as opposed to adding heat due to friction?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 09:54 PM PST

What happens to the brain as you fall asleep? Are certain proteins released to induce sleep? Is it seen as a voluntary or involuntary action?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 03:20 PM PST

How do transitors amplify?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 05:43 PM PST

I'm trying to learn this for an exam but I am still missing something after watching this https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukDKVHnac4 I know they work as a switch without moving parts and what doping is, but how do transistors amplify, why is the electron flow increased in one of the circuits?

submitted by /u/Mcpostface
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Is there a limit to the energy density of batteries?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 04:04 AM PST

Could they ever overtake fuels such as kerosene/gasoline?

submitted by /u/JackA7X
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Why does an animal like the sea otter have a long gestation period (145-325 days) but only have a lifespan of 15 years or so. Is there a relationship between gestation period and lifespan across marine mammals like that/or any other mammal?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:24 PM PST

Which modern encryption standards would be both practical to implement on a large scale using technology from the 1940s and still effectively unbreakable today?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:29 PM PST

An Advanced Encryption Standard/Rijndael style code obviously wouldn't have been practical until recently due to computing limitations, and I assume the same goes for 90's era public key cryptography, with its large keys. But what do we have (other than one-time-pads) that could have been implemented during WW2 and still been secure through to today? Are any of these immune to the operator mistakes that compromised Enigma? Thanks!

submitted by /u/HembraunAirginator
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What is the significance of a quasar discovered at 690 million years after big bang?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 01:40 PM PST

Nature recently published a letter "An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5"

NPR published on this a few days ago.

It is obviously interesting that such a giant black hole is present, and discovered at a record-setting age. But is there any reason to think that there might be much older black holes, relatively speaking, e.g., at 1% of universe age, or whenever it was cool enough for them to cohere? Is this discovery likely at the edge of what was possible?

submitted by /u/warm_kitchenette
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How do particle accelerators such as the LHC detect particle collision products?

Posted: 11 Dec 2017 02:03 AM PST

How much does it actually cost to maintain the internet?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 08:25 PM PST

Why does water not heat up through the friction created by movement (ocean waves/shaking it in a bottle)?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:54 PM PST

How do drug companies decide on the form(s) of delivery for a given drug?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 02:44 PM PST

That is, are there sometimes reasons to go with, say, a tablet rather than a sprinkle capsule, gel cap, or liquid suspension? Do the different forms have advantages and disadvantages compared to the others?

Sometimes the choice is obvious--an inhaler has to be inhaled, for example--but in other cases, what, if anything guides that choice?

submitted by /u/LeakyLycanthrope
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Sunday, December 10, 2017

What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?

What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?


What exactly does the cold virus do to me to make me so weak?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 08:24 AM PST

So, two days ago, I was a happy healthy guy who could lift 50 pound bags of cat litter, run (literally) a few blocks down to the corner store, and leap out of bed in the morning when I wake up. I now have a cold. Coughing, sneezing, phlegm, headache, etc. I am also very weak and can barely walk my body across the room. What specifically is causing this? Are all the body's resources tied up in fighting the virus or has the virus itself actually somehow made my muscles weak?

In a week or so, I'll be better and back to normal, but it's weird how even though my muscles have not had time to deteriorate due to lack of use, it seems like they're only one third there.

submitted by /u/alternatethinking
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Is there a coating that you can put on a surface to make it easier for frost to form on the surface?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:51 AM PST

I've seen videos of patterns painted on a sidewalk with hydrophobic paint, so that when it rains a pattern appears on the sidewalk. Could something similar be done with frost, except to attract frost rather than prevent it? Thanks.

submitted by /u/ignorantwanderer
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Why are hail storms so short?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:49 AM PST

We get rain and snow that will carry on for days at a time without let up, but hail storms only seem to last for a short period of time (at least, they do in the UK). Why is this?

submitted by /u/pjdcy
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Why do bigger and heavier molecules have a higher boiling point compared to smaller and lighter molecules?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 04:19 AM PST

Hi! Am a grade 10 student thats very confused about this.

Our teacher told us its the intermolecular forces for covalent compounds that decides on wether or not the boiling point is high, but also told us that the size of the molecule did too. The books we have (and some sites on the internet) listed weight and the "space" the molecule took up as two reasons as to why the bounds became stronger, but i dont understand why its like that.

Someone told me that its also because the molecules place themselves in crystal-like structures (we talked about sugar molecules). Why its like that and whats the reason that sugar places itself like crystals while for example water does.

submitted by /u/calmlystressed
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Are there any predators that hunt for sport rather than for food?

Posted: 10 Dec 2017 06:56 AM PST

Well, my question is pretty much all there is to it.

Since humans hunt for sport besides for food, so there must be some other apex predator so advanced that it doesn't need to hunt for food all the time and can actually hunt for sport.

submitted by /u/concernedindianguy
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Where does the extra energy come from in blueshift?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 02:28 PM PST

I'm currently doing A level physics where we are learning about special relativity and I was wondering, if an object is moving towards a stationary spectator at high speed (close to the speed of light) and the light from it appears to have a higher frequency (due to the Doppler effect) and higher frequency light waves have more energy, where does the extra energy come from.

From the objects frame of reference, the light has less energy than it does from the frame of reference of the stationary spectator but would this not break the first law of thermodynamics?

submitted by /u/squirtle67
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Why is it that magnets affected older Computer Monitors, whereas now they don't?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 12:59 PM PST

When I was young my friend had a very strong magnet; when she put it in front of her monitor (those old big ones with glass screens) there were weird color distortions.

submitted by /u/tarotblades
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If salt is made up of Na+ and Cl- ions in a crystal lattice, why don’t individual grains of salt bond together to form one grain?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 07:08 PM PST

Are there any viruses that attack other viruses?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 10:37 AM PST

There are viruses that attack every kind of living cell, but do any attack other viruses? I doubt a virus cell is capible of producing other viruses within themselves, but could a virus "hijack" another virus so the victim carried the attacker's DNA as well/instead?

submitted by /u/TriadHero117
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How can water evaporate before reaching its boiling point?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 11:31 AM PST

You know on a hot day in the summer your driveway will be pretty hot but nowhere near 100 degrees. How is it that if you dropped a cup of water on it the water would be evaporated within a matter of minutes?

submitted by /u/justbig
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Why is my reflection in the mirror backwards, but not upside-down?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 09:25 AM PST

I have wondered this since I was a child. I am now a full-grown middle-aged man and still don't have an answer. Please help!

submitted by /u/akambe
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Do aquatic animals get the "bends"?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 08:04 PM PST

Why not (if they don't), and how do they deal with it (if they do)?

submitted by /u/Im_int
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In programming, we can manually define functions for computers to perform tasks, but how do we program computers to actually understand what multiply, divide, add, subtract and equal actually mean and how to use them?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 09:32 AM PST

Why does sending thousands of files (e.g. mp3) takes so much time than sending (from one device to another device) a single file of the same size as of the total size of those thousands files?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 07:40 AM PST

I tried to move my music files from my phone to PC today. The estimated time was more 40 minutes. But had I moved a single file of the same size, it wouldn't have taken more than 5 minutes. Why?

submitted by /u/WhatHowWhy2016
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Is a a banana powered nuclear reactor possible?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 01:33 PM PST

Since the potassium in bananas is radioactive, is it possible to have a nuclear reactor that only uses bananas as a fuel?

And if you can, how many would you need to create enough power to run the average city?

submitted by /u/netherbawss235
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What constitutes the choice of units in blood lab reports?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 01:38 PM PST

I was looking at a lab report of a family member's, and I was especially interested in the units of the test components in her Comp. Metabolic Panel (14) test. Some of them included: Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Carbon dioxide; Calcium. Na, K, Cl, and CO2 are measured in mmol/L, whereas Ca is measured in mg/dL. All of the tests were Serum except CO2. So what differentiates calcium from the rest?

submitted by /u/XXXtaxation
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Saturday, December 9, 2017

Can a planet have more than 4 seasons?

Can a planet have more than 4 seasons?


Can a planet have more than 4 seasons?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 05:03 PM PST

After all, if the seasons are caused by tilt rather than changing distance from the home star (how it is on Earth), then why is it divided into 4 sections of what is likely 90 degree sections? Why not 5 at 72, 6 at 60, or maybe even 3 at 120?

submitted by /u/zedudedaniel
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How do large clusters of fires like California is having affect the weather?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 01:48 PM PST

Who / when was it decided that screw threads would standardize to tighten when they are turned clockwise?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 04:36 AM PST

I know there are different pitches of threads, but almost all screws follow the "righty tighty, lefty loosy" rule. When was that standardized and how did all different countries adapt that?

submitted by /u/Bananas_are_theworst
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Why do hard-boiled eggs explode loudly when microwaved?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 03:47 PM PST

why do they have to guess which strains of circulating flu to put in the flu shot, instead of using all in a single shot or series?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 07:36 AM PST

there is an article today in the WSJ suggesting typical 40-60 percent effectiveness, though effectiveness isn't really defined. anyway articles always comment that the reason it is hard to be higher in effectiveness is that the makers of the shots need to guess which strain to protect against.

is it too hard to culture or grow all the strains? too hard to fit into a shot? too hard for the immune system to build defenses against multiples, in that it would make you sick? too hard for the body to maintain that many immunities at once if built?

what gives?

submitted by /u/Stillcant
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Why does the posterior aspect of the tongue contain special sensory innervation but has no papillae?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 05:33 AM PST

We are taught that we have no papillae or taste buds on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. My question is why do we still have a special sensation innervation there too by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Do we still have taste buds there too but they are so little in number we deem them insignificant?

submitted by /u/AlphaWollf
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Is there a happiness/depression cycle that isn't bipolar disorder?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 03:34 AM PST

I'm trying to find what else has a sort of happiness/depression cycle, but the only thing I can find is sites like WebMD saying shit like "You have bipolar disorder and cancer!" which is obviously very helpful and in no way frustrating beyond belief.

submitted by /u/TheSpiderDungeon
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Why are some plastics microwave-safe while others are not?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 11:32 PM PST

In Teflon non-stick pans how are they able to make Teflon stick to the pan?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 04:25 AM PST

How does a smell “stick” to clothes?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 04:03 AM PST

Can you contain a piece of plasma?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 04:00 AM PST

I have been wondering if you could contain a piece of plasma with magnets or another kind of apparatus contain plasma

submitted by /u/LuisGaming888
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Is it just a coincidence that the maximum number of electrons in the nth electron shell is generally 2(n^2)?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 10:23 PM PST

Hello!

I coincidentally stumbled upon this fact a little while ago, and it's been bugging me ever since. I haven't been able to find any information about why this is true, but seeing as these are quite significant numbers, I'd be surprised if it was just by chance. Is there any known reason for why this is the case?

submitted by /u/Hottentott14
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What kinds of paint would you use on a spaceship, and why?

Posted: 09 Dec 2017 12:51 AM PST

For instance, I've just come across a Nov. 2015 article that talks about a highly reflective metallic paint that will help with both keeping heat inside the ship in vacuum, and outside the ship while in atmospheric entry. I've also heard from somewhere that black radiators are notable somehow.

Are there any kinds of paint that might be better than that paint in various situations, and what reasons are there for military ships to not to be surfaced purely with Vantablack, as an example?

submitted by /u/CommanderTasun
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Why is the exchange energy in magnets positive instead of negative?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 01:28 PM PST

So we know that for ferromagnets (materials with mu>>1) there are two principles at work. The pauli exclusion principle and coulomb's law.

The pauli exclusion tells us that the probability of two similar spin electrons in the same state is very low. So it makes sense that a neighboring nuclei having the same spin is better than having the two electrons be in the same space.

However, I imagine that instead having the opposite spin state in a neighboring nuclei would lower the local potential. And still make pauli exclusion valid.

Since Coulomb's law tells us that it's easier to have electrons not next to each other. Why wouldn't the neighboring states not just alternate spins?

Because I read that exchange energy = electric energy - magnetic energy.

& that being positive makes for super magnets, but wouldn't them being negative make super magnets instead?

I couldn't find this on the search function, probably because I'm on mobile. Sorry and that's in advance

Edit: spelling

submitted by /u/Iamtheclitc0mmander
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If we moved 100 Penguins from the South Pole to the North Pole, would they survive and populate the area?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 01:05 AM PST

More specifically, I'd like to fix this:

Mistakenly, some artists and writers have penguins based at the North Pole. This is incorrect, as there are no wild penguins in the Northern Hemisphere. The cartoon series Chilly Willy helped perpetuate this myth, as the title penguin would interact with northern-hemisphere species, such as polar bears and walruses.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin#In_popular_culture

submitted by /u/ThisIs_MyName
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Is the snow in texas unheard of? Or is it just a rare occurrence?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 12:52 PM PST

What are the effects of extrasolar star light on plants on Earth?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 11:05 PM PST

Long-exposure astrophotography shots show the light of far-off stars and even whole galaxies. But have we ever studied the effects of these lights on plants?

Is it possible for plants to harness light from other stars?

submitted by /u/Gr8Texpectation
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Why is a cigarette's ember cone-shaped?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 09:30 PM PST

Is this a provable concept using today's mathematics?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 10:00 AM PST

Pi and other irrational numbers have an infinite number of digits. Does this mean that they can be infinitely repeating sets of infinite digits?

pi=3.14159... so after an infinite number of digits isn't it possible (maybe even probable) that the set of infinite digits repeats?

pi=3.14159...(infinite number of irrational digits)...314159...(same digits as the first set of infinite digits)...

If that is the case, we can say that: pi=3.14159...314159...314159...(and so forth an infinite number of times)...

submitted by /u/NeodymiumCandy
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How do computers store information? (Not in terms of logic gates but more in terms of physics/chemistry)

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 02:04 PM PST

I understand (somewhat) how logic gates and basic programming work to store information, but how does information get physically "burned" or imprinted into metal? For example, how does a hard drive semi-permanently change its physiology to store data so that it can be read and then deleted or changed later?

submitted by /u/BishesLoveCubixRube
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What is the process of separating silver from AgNO3?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 08:54 AM PST

Do (fertile) FTM transsexuals who undergo full sexual reassignment surgeries experience menopause?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 03:40 PM PST

Or will the added testosterone stop that from happening?

submitted by /u/karayna
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How are some plants declared as non edible/nutritious if they all have cellulose like the rest of the edible/nutritious ones, can't they all be cooked and eaten the same?

Posted: 08 Dec 2017 01:24 PM PST

I don't understand how I can cook and eat Brussels's sprouts and lettuce and all that, but can't cook and eat grass, corn husks, tree leaves, and other things, as long as I cook them enough, besides the ones that are known to have poisonous/allergy inducing compounds. Like, if they are all planted in the same soil, wouldn't my grass and tree leaves be just as good as my spinach?

submitted by /u/SuperCoolVegasGuy
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