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Sunday, December 3, 2017

Keep hearing that we are running out of lithium, so how close are we to combining protons and electrons to form elements from the periodic table?

Keep hearing that we are running out of lithium, so how close are we to combining protons and electrons to form elements from the periodic table?


Keep hearing that we are running out of lithium, so how close are we to combining protons and electrons to form elements from the periodic table?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 06:40 AM PST

If temperature is a metric for the average kinetic energy of particles, is there also a metric for the standard deviation of the kinetic energy of particles?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 07:02 AM PST

What factors determine this standard deviation?

submitted by /u/bastilam
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Could Carbon-group elements like Silicon and Tin form complex chains just like Carbon? (i.e. Hydrocarbons)

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 12:25 AM PST

I know about how Carbon can form long chains with other Carbons and Hydrogen to form Hydrocarbons.
Can other carbon group elements do this as well?
Can Silicon, for example, form long chains in a similar fashion to Carbon?

submitted by /u/Sparky_42
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When examining one mole samples of different gases under conditions of constant pressure, volume and temperature, do the particles in denser gases tend to slow down in their movement?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 04:43 AM PST

From Halliday & Resnick: "Amedeo Avogadro...suggested that all gases occupying the same volume under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of atoms or molecules."

So am I correct in thinking that, on average, the velocity of particles must drop as the mass increases in order to preserve constant kinetic energy (i.e temperature). And then the slower particles will tend to collide less frequently with the container, thus maintaining pressure? Will denser gases tend to have more internal collisions (that is, less particles will then make it through the mass to collide with the containter)?

I'm trying to clarify my understanding of kinetic theory here in relation to the above statement and the ideal gas law.

submitted by /u/what-tomorrow-knows
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Why exactly do refracting lens magnify electromagnetic radiation?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 07:00 AM PST

Does the drinking of acid fluids (such as coke) affect how much energy I can absorb from food?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 03:41 AM PST

In other words, can acids break things into pieces that our body can't make use of anymore? For example, if I ate a burger while drinking coke, do I get less energy out of the burger compared to when I don't have a coke with it?

submitted by /u/Aryionas
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Why do we assume the core of a black hole has a singularity in it?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 11:55 PM PST

Why do we assume the core of a black hole has a singularity in it? How does it make sense that something can be infinitely dense, i.e. have 0 volume? I could understand it if a black hole was an object of finite but extreme density—then its escape velocity would still be stronger than the speed of light, but the laws of physics would still make sense at the core because space would not have infinite curvature there. But why do people say black holes have INFINITE density?

submitted by /u/SomeTrashPerson
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Do extremely loud sounds (150 decibels) at frequencies beyond human hearing (21kHz or 10Hz) still cause hearing damage or loss?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 12:25 PM PST

Is Voyager on an escape trajectory out of the Suns soi or is it just on an extremely elliptical orbit?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 11:55 PM PST

Approximately how much power is lost when using a wireless charger compared to a normal wired one? And what factors contribute the most to this loss?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 09:35 AM PST

What makes the silkie chicken black?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 07:21 AM PST

The chicken is black from the skin, to the meat, and even the bones. Only the fur-like feathers are white.

Does anyone know what pigment it is? And what evolutionary advantage does it confer to the chicken?

submitted by /u/lynnleongsy8
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What’s the difference between closing a program and “force quitting” a program?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 06:40 AM PST

To expand, is there a major coding difference, or can all programs just "force quit" themselves?

submitted by /u/lord_guppy
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What stops insects like spiders, mosquitoes, and flies from completely dying out during the winter in the wild?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 01:36 PM PST

When they are exposed to cold, snow and freezing temperatures over a long period of time, what allows them to come back in the spring? I assumed that if they left eggs behind, they would freeze and die/be unviable during the winter months.

submitted by /u/Kattsu-Don
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Is Voyager travelling fast enough that we have to compensate for the Doppler effect when communicating?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 05:18 PM PST

How fast is Voyager travelling? Are we receiving at enough of a Doppler shift that we have to rebuild the communication systems? Since we can't do that on Voyager, are we having to transmit at a higher carrier frequency/higher bit rate such that when it reaches voyager, it is incoming at the frequency Voyager was built for? Or was this designed into the probe when it was built?

Lots of questions, I know, but I feel like there are many more just with this topic.

submitted by /u/packocrayons
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How do you measure air pollution?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 02:21 PM PST

How do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases absorb radiation?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 06:12 PM PST

I understand that the molecules begin to vibrate more after absorbing thermal radiation, but what process actually causes this vibration and how is it absorbed beyond just saying they absorb differing wavelengths?

submitted by /u/getalihfe
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How and why is DNA formed/made?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 08:20 PM PST

How do spacecraft gain speed by flying past massive objects (like planets etc.)?

Posted: 03 Dec 2017 12:44 AM PST

From what I understand, as you near a planet, your gravitational potential is converted into kinetic energy resulting in a speed boost but as you pass the planet that extra speed will be used to escape the planets gravity, converting that additional Ek back into Ep.

Ive heard voyager 1&2 used planet flybys to speed up, I really have no idea how this works

submitted by /u/apollo420k
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How quickly is battery research progressing?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 09:18 PM PST

Is there a graph like this one showing solar cell efficiency progress for batteries? I keep hearing about various new battery techniques, but it's hard to see the overall picture. How good are the different battery technologies, and how quickly is each type progressing?

submitted by /u/amaurea
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Would it be possible to design a food that eliminated pooping?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 07:49 PM PST

Question comes from my son. He learned at school this week that our poop is waste/undigested matter. So he wanted to know if it would be possible to design a nutrition source that, if fed to a person in measured amounts, would eliminate the need to poop.

submitted by /u/wraab
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Why do some LEDs remain on for seconds after they've been switched off?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 12:41 PM PST

Why would centrifugal force exist in a universe with nothing in it?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 11:36 PM PST

For example we are in a universe that is nothing more than an empty vacuum. If we begin spinning and stretch out our arms, it seems logical that we would feel outward centrifugal force.

However what is causing this centrifugal force? What is it with respect to? If there is nothing at all that exists besides us, why would we even experience it? Is there some sort of information exchange between our frame and the outside world that modulates whether centrifugal force exists or not?

Also is it possible we could measure astronomically small centrifugal force to get information about whether our universe is rotating or where its center is, and other similar information?

submitted by /u/_Mr-Skeltal_
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In Stoke's Law (F = 6πηrv) where does the "6" come from? In simple terms.

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 06:40 PM PST

I understand the other terms are to do with viscosity and a sphere, but I can't find any explanation of where "6" comes from. Is it just because a sphere is used? Or is there some complex mathematics behind it?

submitted by /u/ten_mile_river
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Saturday, December 2, 2017

Would 100 1dB speakers sound the same as one 100db speaker?

Would 100 1dB speakers sound the same as one 100db speaker?


Would 100 1dB speakers sound the same as one 100db speaker?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 05:32 AM PST

How does Quantum Entanglement work?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 02:00 PM PST

How do the particles that are entangled manage to always do the opposite of the second one? Are they communicating with each other if so how? Otherwise is it some kind of force?

submitted by /u/UndeadDeath
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Does the change in an electron’s wave function and probability density function happen instantaneously when it changes energy state?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 12:14 PM PST

Edit: Specifically for the hydrogen atom for simplicity's sake.

Wondering if this change happens at the speed of light or instantaneously and if instantaneously how does it not violate causality. Does it work like wave function collapse?

submitted by /u/OneBar1905
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Does satellite communication involve different communication protocols?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 09:23 AM PST

Are there different TCP, UDP, FTP, SSH, etc. protocols for talking to satellites? For example to compensate for latency and package loss.

I imagine normal TCP connections can get pretty rough in these situations. At least with 'normal' settings.

submitted by /u/surgura
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How do fingerprint readers work?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 05:25 PM PST

What is the cheapest way to make a superconductor?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 06:58 AM PST

Can really large explosions , like huge volcanic explosions or nuclear tests , alter the earths orbit around the sun ?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 06:36 AM PST

I am thinking about this in relation to near earth objects . From what I understand most objects have been on the same trajectories for a really long time which makes collisions pretty rare . If earths trajectory is changing does that increase the likely hood of a collision?

submitted by /u/GreenManGhost
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Are there different types of electrons?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 09:44 AM PST

According to the standard model, each particle is an oscillation in a quantum field. There are different energies of photons. Similarly, can an excitation of the electron field have different levels?

I know that electrons have different energy levels in an atom, is this a separate concept from the one I described above?

submitted by /u/graciousgroob
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Why do gases exert constant pressure on container walls?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 01:18 AM PST

So pressure is caused because of the force with which gas particles hit the walls of the container, right? But wouldn't a little bit of energy be lost to the walls every time they collide, slowing down the particles over time and consequently lowering the pressure?

I guess my question is, where do the molecules get the energy to keep moving around and hit the walls, and wouldn't they eventually lose that energy with every collision?

submitted by /u/TJNimNums
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What factors determine how long it takes for a system to attain thermal equilibrium?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 08:39 PM PST

Why don't CPUs have dedicated instruction sets for compression?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 07:24 PM PST

Computers built in the last decade generally take advantage of the x86 AES instruction set, which is hardware acceleration in the CPU that speeds up the task of encryption or decryption using the standard AES algorithm. Even obsolete processors like mine can encrypt multiple gigabytes per second (!). This vastly exceeds the speed of hard drives, so the result is that there's negligible performance loss for encrypting your data and you might as well encrypt everything all the time.

However, another common task, possibly even more common with even more standardized algorithms, is data compression. As far as I can tell there's no hardware acceleration for this. Is there a technical reason why that's not feasible? Something to do with a larger or much more active buffer? What might be the advantages of different compression algorithms for dedicated hardware acceleration?

submitted by /u/Epistaxis
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Is a twin born through in vitro fertilization more likely to give birth to twins?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 07:38 AM PST

As I understand it, twins are more likely to have more twins. Does this hold true if the twin was a twin because of in vitro?

submitted by /u/rcrowley74
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When I shoot light from a non-vacuum environment to a vacuum environment, do the photons reach speed of light when they enter the vacuum?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 03:20 AM PST

If yes, wouldn't that make them gain more energy out of nowhere? If no, does that mean we can slow light down enough to see it move?

submitted by /u/desh00
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Does Pluto have a liquid nitrogen ocean under it's frozen nitrogen surface?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 08:24 AM PST

How do we communicate with satellites extremely far away?

Posted: 02 Dec 2017 02:56 AM PST

After reading an article on Voyager One, I came to realise that I have no idea how communication works over such a long distance. How long does it take for something so far away to receive communication? How fast do the controls on a satellite like Voyager One respond to our communication? What is the delay between sending information and the satellite receiving information?

submitted by /u/Pluvio_
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What is that new electronics smell?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 12:56 PM PST

This might be more of an engineering or technology question. Sorry if this isn't the place for it.

I'm writing this on my new phone and am noticing the nice 'new electronics smell' and it smells the same every high-fi, Playstation, TV, computer etc that I've ever opened. Strangely fridges, oven and sewing machines don't have it.

What is this smell and why is it only on certain appliances?

submitted by /u/demoneyesturbo
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How do heart rate monitors in watches (ie Apple Watch and FitBit) work? And how accurate are they?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 02:24 PM PST

What is bandwidth?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 04:13 PM PST

Why is it limited like a resource? Can we make more of it?

submitted by /u/Spicy_Memes97
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How does a particle know if an incoming particle is positively or negatively charged? On top of that, why is it exactly that opposite charges attract and like charges repel? Why can't it be the other way around?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 03:16 PM PST

Why do does dizziness induce nausea?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 02:17 PM PST

I can't understand what evolutionary advantage you gain from loosing your lunch if you spin around a lot.

submitted by /u/ceristo
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Friday, December 1, 2017

How do wireless chargers work?

How do wireless chargers work?


How do wireless chargers work?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 04:39 PM PST

Is the universe the same age everywhere?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 08:43 PM PST

(Astronomy) When fusion begins in a star, is at an immediate happening where the entire star bursts to life or does it slowly build energy and therefore light emission?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 04:38 AM PST

How do we know the electron is a fundamental particle and not composed of something smaller?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 01:10 AM PST

Is there anything in quantum dynamics that violates the light-cone causality principal of relativity?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 04:47 AM PST

What kind of laser do I need to perform the double slit experiment at home?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 04:25 AM PST

I don't know if this is the right place for it, and I'm sorry if I'm breaking the rules, but I'd really want to perform the double slit experiment at home. If someone who's done it can point me to what laser I can buy without breaking my bank account, and maybe show me which video I can use to help me set it all up (there's a million of them), I'd really appreciate it!

EDIT

Or point me towards the correct subreddit, if this isn't it!

submitted by /u/chadowmantis
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If the universe is flat, how do we live in a three dimensional world?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 05:05 AM PST

I've seen written in many places that the universe is flat, but we obviously live in a 3-D world. How is that possible?

submitted by /u/jakbrewers
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I’m a flight attendant and while flying we give out pretzels in foil packets, when the passengers hand me back their empty packets they often stick to the passengers hand, like static and a balloon and they can’t drop it into the trash.. why is that?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 03:57 AM PST

Is a leaf considered ‘dead’ before or after it falls off of a tree?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 11:19 AM PST

Is soap required to "foam" in order to work properly?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 09:34 PM PST

How is vitamin K synthesized by bacteria absorbed by humans?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 09:26 PM PST

I'm learning that vitamin K is made by bacteria that reside in the large intestine/colon but I don't understand how it's absorbed. Vitamin K is fat soluble and typically fats are absorbed in the small intestine through micelles that carry A,D,E, or K. Once you get past the ileocecal sphincter, things usually don't flow backwards, so I don't see how bacterial vitamin K could be absorbed with any degree of efficiency without fat.

submitted by /u/BioSigh
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How do tectonic plate shifts effect the pipes and sewers underground? How do we deal with/ prevent it?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 01:54 PM PST

Why have the radioactive elements in the earths core not resulted in an explosion?

Posted: 01 Dec 2017 03:05 AM PST

My understanding is that part of the reason the Earths core is hot is from the decay of radioactive elements. But presumably the heaviest would sink to the bottom where they could accumulate until there was a critical mass and explode. Why doesn't this happen? Or did it, but it happened when the Earth first formed?

submitted by /u/spacey_mc_spaceface
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When does a tree officially die?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 02:07 PM PST

Is it dead the moment the last bit of trunk is cut from the root system? But, is it ceasing to function at that point? So, is it dead when it stops doing photosynthesis? And can it continue to do photosynthesis after the roots are cut? As long as it has light and the existing water in the branches it's good, right?

I was trying to answer this question for my kids after getting our Christmas tree and I ended up sounding like Calvin's dad. Please set us straight.

submitted by /u/guarayos
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How and why did humans or any organism develop taste buds? Why did the process of evolution reward better senses of taste?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 12:28 PM PST

I always figured if ancient humans just needed to put food in their bellies, it didn't really matter what the food tasted like, just as long as they were fed enough to survive. So why would the evolutionary process reward those who were pickier about what they ate in such a harsh environment?

Edit: didn't even take into account how eating the wrong thing could be detrimental to survival, sometimes even more-so than the threat of starvation. Thanks r/askscience!

submitted by /u/dakota12997
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What would happen to me if I stood in the path of the Large Hadron Collider?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 08:11 AM PST

How do radio signals like those from a wireless router or cell tower travel through solid objects?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 11:09 PM PST

I understand how energy, in the form of waves, can travel through a simple medium like air, but how do signals not only penetrate solid objects but also keep their data integrity?

submitted by /u/Battelman2
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Most of the light omitted by our sun is in the green spectrum, so why do the majority of plants (that require the sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O into sugars) reflect away the green, and absorb the other colors instead?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 09:39 AM PST

I had heard an explanation once of why the sun's overly-green spectrum caused plants on Earth to evolve green leaves, but I can't remember why because thinking about it, that seems backwards. Wouldn't absorbing green, and reflecting dark blue or red, give the plants much more energy?

submitted by /u/graaahh
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Why aren't lasers perfectly monochromatic?

Posted: 30 Nov 2017 10:03 AM PST

Laser light is thought of as monochromatic. This is more or less true. However, if you measure the output of a laser, you can still get a curve with one or more peaks. If the light comes from stimulated emission based on quantum energy levels, why is there a curve for some lasers? Why don't all laser spectra consist only of discrete spikes?

submitted by /u/stcredzero
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