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Wednesday, November 8, 2017

If someone was to cover their eyes for a year straight without seeing any light, would it just be really bright when they take it off then slowly adjust back to normal or would it have a permanent affect on the persons vision?

If someone was to cover their eyes for a year straight without seeing any light, would it just be really bright when they take it off then slowly adjust back to normal or would it have a permanent affect on the persons vision?


If someone was to cover their eyes for a year straight without seeing any light, would it just be really bright when they take it off then slowly adjust back to normal or would it have a permanent affect on the persons vision?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 10:49 AM PST

Edit: Well I'm pretty satisfied with all the answers as they seem to come to similar conclusions. Thanks!

submitted by /u/itdontmada
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Could a generated magnetic field protect a spacecraft and astronauts from charged particles and em radiation?

Posted: 08 Nov 2017 04:42 AM PST

From my understanding, solar wind and cosmic rays are bombarding Earth constantly and are being deflected in part by the atmosphere and partially by Earth's magnetic field. Can this sort of shielding be replicated and how much energy would be required to produce a magnetic field capable of radiation shielding.

submitted by /u/KillbotVI
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What is happening at the quantum level during the formation of a Neutron Star? Specifically how does a Proton and an Electron combine to form a Neutron? I would have thought that a Neutron would have a different mass (energy?) than a Proton + Electron?

Posted: 08 Nov 2017 05:23 AM PST

People always say that subatomic particles are just excitations of a field. But won't those excitations eventually lose their energy and disappear?

Posted: 08 Nov 2017 12:29 AM PST

I understand that people think that all our subatomic particles come from fields such as the electron field. They also say they are just excitations of the field but wouldn't that mean that after a period of time they lose their energy and fade back into their field? If so then how come we have never seen something like this happen? Also about the fields in general, where are the fields? How have we postulated that they are there? Are they higher dimensions? When were they created? Where do they get their energy to get excited and create these particles? Sorry about all the questions! Thanks so much in advance for the answers you may have :)

submitted by /u/JackTalle
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 08 Nov 2017 07:06 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Do we know why the speed of light is what it is, or just that it must be what it is?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 04:18 PM PST

I spent the day trying to find a nice answer to the why, which lead me on a nice journey into zero-point energy and the possibility that quantum vacuum might be the origin of the speed of light, but didn't really get a nice answer.

submitted by /u/Rodbourn
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What determines how electrons return to the ground state after they are excited?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 06:15 PM PST

If all excited electrons must return to the ground state, then what determines if they do this in one continuous drop or several discrete ones? Using hydrogen at as the example, what determines whether an electron at, say, n=6 returns to n=1 as part of the Lyman series, or to n=2, exiting visible light, and then separately n=1, releasing ultraviolet light.

submitted by /u/PantheonYan
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What is the point of building a particle accelerator?

Posted: 08 Nov 2017 04:38 AM PST

Does cold water extinguish fire more effectively than hot water?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 12:54 PM PST

What makes Cancer so difficult to find a cure for? How far have we gotten and how far have we yet to go to find one?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 01:31 PM PST

In the spirit of No-Shave-November, I want to become more aware of the science behind why cancer is so difficult to find a solution for and where we have gotten in the past few years. Each day, 22,000 people die from cancer worldwide and I think its absolutely terrible and hope we get a cure soon.

submitted by /u/Wilc0x21
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Why is the Higgs needed for atoms and stars to exist?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 11:56 AM PST

I read "This symmetry breaking is required for atoms and other structures to form, as well as for nuclear reactions in stars, such as our Sun." on the Higgs wiki page.

From what I understand the Higgs is the reason that Electromagnetism and the Weak force are two separate forces rather than one Electroweak force.

And atoms can't form and combine together into stars while the Electroweak force is around.

What about the Electroweak force is stopping atoms?

I can't really find any details on what the Electroweak force is like.

All I can find is that it has 4 version of the photon called W+, W0, W-, & B.

Since they're all massless is the Electroweak force just like Electromagnetism?

I also found this hypothetical, that says atoms and star could still exist if there was no Weak force.

So is the Higgs like a necessary shackle on the Weak that allows us to exist?

submitted by /u/googolplexbyte
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How does a strep test work? And how can it be accurate in such a short amount of time?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 10:51 AM PST

Were the Pyrenees Mountains in Iberia formed by shallow-angle subduction of the European plate?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 11:18 AM PST

I learned that the Rocky Mountains in the United States were formed during the Laramide Orogeny when the Kula Plate was subducted at a shallow angle under the North American plate.

Could the same phenomenon (shallow-angle subduction) have resulted in the formation of the Pyrenees?

submitted by /u/Articulate_Pineapple
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What happens if you take a deciduous tree before autumn from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 10:31 AM PST

Is there a chemical with a triple point at room temperature and 1 atm? If so, what is it? If not, why doesn't it exist?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 07:43 AM PST

What happens if an object falls in a homogeneous gravity field with the center of gravity infinitely far away? Does it stop accelerating, or does the velocity increase past c?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 08:00 AM PST

Why does my nose get runny when exposed to cold weather?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 08:32 AM PST

How is body heat generated?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 10:13 AM PST

Does an appendage like a foot or something like the brain produce any body heat or is it all transferred by blood circulation?

submitted by /u/_whatisthat_
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What determines whether an element is a gas, regardless of atomic weight?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 08:27 AM PST

Lithium, Beryllium, Carbon, and Boron are all solid (under 'normal' conditions), and yet Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine, as well as all subsequent noble gasses, are gasses, despite having a heavier atomic weight. What about them makes them gasses under average conditions?

submitted by /u/Kiwispam84
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Tuesday, November 7, 2017

Are gravitational waves able to "double-up" in the same manner water waves can? Are there points in space that can experience huge spikes in distortion due to well-timed black hole mergers?

Are gravitational waves able to "double-up" in the same manner water waves can? Are there points in space that can experience huge spikes in distortion due to well-timed black hole mergers?


Are gravitational waves able to "double-up" in the same manner water waves can? Are there points in space that can experience huge spikes in distortion due to well-timed black hole mergers?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 08:47 PM PST

I know they're pretty uneventful as far as real-world effect, but could a few well-timed mergers have an amplification effect on gravitational distortion in a given area?

submitted by /u/Szechwan
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Does a particle have an antiparticle only if it is charged?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 06:12 AM PST

Does a particle have an antiparticle only if it is charged?

Are the W and W- bosons a particle-antiparticle pair of the same field, or are there two fields?

Why do we talk about antineutrino if the neutrino has no charge?

Or is it the fermions that have an antiparticle, but in this case why the boson W has its own antiparticle?

submitted by /u/monsieurY
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On small, super isolated islands, how does wildlife exist?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 08:36 PM PST

I imagine small islands, like less than a square mile, can't support significant wildlife just due to space, resources, etc. But, if there are plants on the island, there would have to be some sort of insect, right?

But can there be any major species (lizards, birds, rodents, etc) without the resources to sustain them? And if it is super isolated, would birds even live there?

How can there be life on an island so far removed? Even if there are just very simple insects, how did they get there??? I need answers

submitted by /u/justbyhappenstance
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How does centimeter accurate GPS work, and how does it differ from what we've had for the past decade?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 04:16 PM PST

I know we've had super expensive centimeter accurate GPS for a while, for farming and construction and whatnot, but that costs thousands for equipment and subscription. They're starting to put it in phones and autonomous vehicles now. How does it work and who's developing it?

submitted by /u/DavianExpressed
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Do insects have pain receptors?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 07:14 PM PST

[Neuroscience]A recent paper showed weak correlations between hemodynamic signals and neural activity during resting state. Does this mean all the work on the default mode network is invalidated?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 06:13 AM PST

Sorry for the long title, but I felt the context was needed. A recent paper by Winder et al. in Nature Neuroscience showed that ongoing neural activity and hemodynamic signals are weakly correlated during resting state in mouse, and that the origin of the hemodynamic signal may not have anything to do with the neural activity.

Because the work on the default mode network in humans is mostly based on fMRI studies, does this mean that many, if not most, of this findings are not relevant anymore? Or am I just overinterpreting the situation? If I am, what does this study imply for the future research on the DMN?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Akabana01
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What does "confidence" most likely represent in terms of the activation of neurological components?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 05:44 AM PST

Does a superconductor effect non-magnetized ferromagnetic metal?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 03:43 AM PST

So say I have a High Temperature Superconductor cooled down with liquid nitrogen and placed a small piece of unmagnetized iron on top like the floating magnet experiment. Does the iron float? is it attracted to the superconductor? Does it become magnetized? Is there no effect?

submitted by /u/WantDiscussion
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Why hasn't the Asteroid belt been pulled into Jupiter by its gravitational orbit and destroyed?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 04:22 PM PST

What is the biological process functioning behind refining a motor skill such as throwing accuracy? Could it be enhanced artificially?

Posted: 07 Nov 2017 02:37 AM PST

I've been playing basketball recently, and my increasing accuracy made me wonder how it takes place in the brain. Is there some kind of feedback process which rewards your shots getting closer to the hoop (like dopamine released due to satisfaction), thus increasing its likelihood?

If so, is it theoretically possible to artificially enhance the process? If it's a result of pleasure guiding the unconscious processes of throwing with increasing accuracy, for example, could small external rewards for accuracy (eg, a hit of nicotine or some sugar) increase the speed of improvement?

I understand that with basketball, a large part of increasing accuracy is the conscious aspects of improving your form and cementing that into automaticity. But I'm more interested in the unconscious workings. Say it was with a tennis ball instead, where you are not consciously changing your form but still getting more accurate over time - what's behind these unconscious improvements?

Hope this all makes sense.

submitted by /u/Olympiano
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Why can't we land a probe on this supposed "alien asteroid" that has visited us from outside the solar system? Couldn't we use it to freeload, virtually fuel-free, to the outer reaches of our solar system? And beyond?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 01:30 PM PST

Let me add some context. One of SciShow Space's (from YouTube) recent videos was how an asteroid from outside our solar system has been flung away from its native solar system and has found its way into our own... for the time being.

Why can't we (carefully) land a probe on it to freeload on it to the outer reaches of our solar system and beyond?

Yes, I'm aware doing it would be extremely difficult, given its size and the theoretical planning that would be involved. But would it be theoretically possible to do it? And would we learn anything from being on it?

Thanks, r/askscience!

submitted by /u/Calif0rnia_Soul
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Are the exoskeletons of insects antimicrobial, or do bacteria form colonies upon them much like they do on skin?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 01:28 PM PST

If so, are species of bacteria known to be common between our skin and exoskeletons?

submitted by /u/GandhiTriesReddit
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Variable S in Laplace Transforms?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 12:52 PM PST

What exactly is the 's' variable when using Laplace Transformations? My math professor said it was just a complex variable or frequency, but what does that mean? How come it is used to transform a function in terms of time?

submitted by /u/EA721
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How do we create entangled particles?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 06:53 PM PST

I understand the concept, but how can this be achieved physically? And even if we do create them, how can we even measure them?

As a secondary question, how is being applied in the development of quantum computing (e.g. entangled qubits?)

submitted by /u/ryaichu
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How can operating system tell free memory from used memory ?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 10:07 AM PST

How can an operating system tell a free byte from a used byte in memory ? Even if a byte contain 0 it doesn't necessarily mean it isn't used.

submitted by /u/noiseuli
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If neurons don't undergo cell division, what causes a brain tumor?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 11:30 AM PST

How realistic are sci-fi planets that are almost entirely one biome?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 03:09 PM PST

Like how Star Wars has some planets that are just deserts, or just snow and ice, or just oceans, etc. I can kinda see how desert and snowy planets might exist (how far the planet is from their sun), but I'm curious as to how realistic they are.

submitted by /u/283leis
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How fast could a processor reboot a computer if it wasn't held back by other components?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 07:50 PM PST

As i understand it, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer system is slowed down, or held back (Bottle necked) by the other components of the same system. (Hard Drives, RAM, cache, etc) How much faster would the computer be, if instead, the processor as it is currently, was the bottleneck to the rest of the system components?

submitted by /u/F1veStarGenera1
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Why does type II deionized water have less resistivity than type III deionized water?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 05:37 PM PST

http://puretecwater.com/deionized-water/laboratory-water-quality-standards

When ion concentrations for each type go I<II<III<IV, why is the trend for resistivity I>III>II>IV?

submitted by /u/FirstFromTheSun
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How is an adult able to donate body parts to a child?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 02:41 PM PST

Saw a thing on facebook other day about how a father donated a kidney to his infant son. How is that physically possible?

submitted by /u/Stickaplex
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Have Tectonic plates slowed down over time?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 03:08 PM PST

Given all the friction that tectonic plates undergo when they hit each other, I'd imagine that they must slow down a lot over time. Did continents once drift much faster than they do now, or is the earth still relatively "young" and dynamic?

submitted by /u/Octillio
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Monday, November 6, 2017

Was the super massive black hole at the center of the Milkyway ever anything else?

Was the super massive black hole at the center of the Milkyway ever anything else?


Was the super massive black hole at the center of the Milkyway ever anything else?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 04:26 AM PST

Does the order in which you eat your foods have any effect on nutrition or digestion?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 05:05 PM PST

Say, for instance, I eat my dessert first before my meal. Would this have any alternate effect on my body than it would eating them the other way around?

submitted by /u/Toast__of__War
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What are the advantages and disavantages of 50hz and 60hz electricity ?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 01:10 PM PST

If inbreeding is bad, how can many life forms breed asexually without a problem?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 03:32 AM PST

Are moving tectonic plates essential for a planet to harbor life?

Posted: 06 Nov 2017 05:43 AM PST

What happens if we shoot an antiproton at a heavy element atom?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 01:08 PM PST

Would we create an atom of the element below it in the periodic table or would the energy of the annihilation be enough to blow the nucleus into smaller bits?

submitted by /u/Jadashi
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How are Calcium(+2) ions able to form ionic bonds with 4 atoms at once?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 08:00 PM PST

How would this affect the overall charge of the molecule? I understand that calcium has a +2 charge, but when observed in structures such as calcium hydroxyapatite, it is able to bind to up to 4 oxygen atoms. Similarly, other alkaline metals such as Magnesium(+2) are able to bind to EDTA with the same 4 bonds occurring. HOW???

edit: wording

submitted by /u/NewBeerNewMe
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What would happen to the LHC if there was an earthquake in Geneva?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 06:04 PM PST

There are infinite regular 2 dimensional polygons. There are a handful of regular 3 dimensional polyhedrons. Are there regular shapes in 4 dimensions? In higher dimensions? How many?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 12:47 PM PST

What are the criteria for having a species declared extinct? How are scientists so sure that there is not one single animal of a species left?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 03:20 PM PST

How do coatings on solar cells increase the efficiency of the solar panel?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 06:28 PM PST

If you have a coating with a specific index of refraction and then some sort of silicon cell with another index, how does the efficiency of the solar cell increase? I know that you generate different reflection coefficients, but how does minimizing the reflection coefficient actually increase the energy in the cell? Isn't the energy already being reflected away from the solar cell?

submitted by /u/blindedsilver
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Over time, do the wavefunctions of the electrons in our human bodies oscillate (not particle spin, but the actual wavefunction) like standing waves?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 04:09 PM PST

I'm visualizing the electrons of atoms that constitute part of our human bodes as wavefunctions that each looks like a 3D cloud of a probability density function. At each spatial-temporal point <x,y,z, t> (I know this signature is somewhat inaccurate) there is an intensity/probability-density associated with observing the particle there.

My question is whether the described probability cloud of the electron shell of an atom changes radically from one moment to another? In other words, suppose you take a cross section heatmap-screenshot right through the "center" (mean intensity point of the wavefunction) a time t0, and then take a screenshot of the same cross section with reference to the particle's center (so, it doesn't matter if the human moves slightly) at t1>t0, does the wave function look the same? If no, what is the frequency and what does it depend on?

The reason I'm asking is because I remember reading about standing waves in the context of quantum mechanics many years ago and because I also heard the expression time-dependent Schroedinger equation.

submitted by /u/Helicobacter
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Solar panels, in layman's terms, absorb sunlight and convert it into usable energy. Does that mean that solar panels can also absorb nuclear energy emitted in a radioactive environment?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 10:25 PM PST

This is not hypothetical. It may sound like that, but my intention is different.

submitted by /u/aenigmata
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Dumb quiestion: Can lone pairs occur in Ionic Bonding?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 07:48 PM PST

Why does the electron's charge stay constant even under relativistic velocities?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 08:43 AM PST

After looking up the question on google it seems all experiments show that the charge of an electron is independent from its velocity. Is there a mathematical background or theory why this is the case? What would happen if it did change like mass does at relativistic velocities?

submitted by /u/cutti
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Why doesn't a star's gravity disturb its planets' moons?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 11:47 PM PST

What spectrum of light do lightbulbs emit?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 02:06 PM PST

The sun emits the full spectrum. What spectrum of that do led and common lightbulbs emit?

submitted by /u/klyde_donovan
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Can someone explain conformal gravity to me?

Posted: 05 Nov 2017 11:34 AM PST

I've tried searching online, but I haven't found anything that explains it in a way I can understand.

submitted by /u/somethingX
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