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Friday, October 27, 2017

What % of my weight am I actually lifting when doing a push-up?

What % of my weight am I actually lifting when doing a push-up?


What % of my weight am I actually lifting when doing a push-up?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 11:25 AM PDT

Is there a schwarzschild radius for an object to become a star?

Posted: 27 Oct 2017 05:10 AM PDT

What is the advantage of having a dog leg transmission. Why do both racing cars and sometimes trucks use that system? What is the common advantage?

Posted: 27 Oct 2017 02:57 AM PDT

Why is "maximum torque" a measurement of engines? Can't you get an arbitrary high torque by using a bigger gear difference?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 10:48 PM PDT

By the "lever principle", increasing distance allows the same force to be applied with less power. If you had a really high difference between high and low gears (or use several sets of high/low gears to further multiply the difference), could you apply progressively more power to the wheels, achieving a higher torque (of course, at the price of moving slower)?

submitted by /u/GeneReddit123
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What do atoms really look like?

Posted: 27 Oct 2017 01:20 AM PDT

In school we're always shown the same diagram of the atom with the nucleus in the centre and electrons orbiting around it. From my understanding they don't actually look like this and it's just a simplified representation of what an atom looks like

submitted by /u/taaffe7
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A flat-earth advocating website says the sun is 32 miles in diameter and 3000 miles above the surface. Is it plausible for a 32 mile sphere to generate that much light, and would it be too hot for life on this planet?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 11:16 PM PDT

What is the relationship between information and thermodynamic entropy?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 07:01 PM PDT

I know they are extremely related, but it doesn't make intuitive sense (to me) how. I've also heard somewhere that infinite information is actually complete randomness and therefore infinite entropy, which doesn't make sense to me. Isn't randomness the opposite of information?

submitted by /u/letswritesomeshet
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How much/does the caloric content of food change with cooking?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 10:07 AM PDT

It seems like it should, since heat is involved, even if it might not be an appreciable amount (until you get to mass amounts of food).
Bonus, does the type of cooking matter? Like, scrambled eggs vs hard boiled?

submitted by /u/dragonflytype
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[Math] What is the size of a differential?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 06:21 PM PDT

I've done differential and integral calculus, and the question is bugging me more and more. Something doesn't seem right to me, especially in integral calculus. The width of the Riemann Sums is dx, and dx was taught to me as "infinitely small". And to me, infinitely small is just 0. And summing 0's even for the time left in all universes won't do anything. What is wrong here? Are our minds ( or just mine -.- ) just too stupid to grasp the concept of differentials and infinity? What would be the decimal representation of a dx? Not 1, not 0.1 and clearly not 0. I feel as if I were playing with magic.

Edit: I forgot how to write.

submitted by /u/Zokalyx
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Why are alpha, beta and L and K iron spectral lines so important in understanding black holes? Is there any special information gained from analyzing these lines as opposed to any other?

Posted: 27 Oct 2017 01:20 AM PDT

I'm an undergraduate junior who's planning on pursuing higher level astrophysics research, and I see that nearly all analytical papers looking at black holes use iron spectral data, and just wanted to understand it more thoroughly.

submitted by /u/throwaway3141598
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How could Schrodinger know that he could only predict the probability of where an electron is in 1926 if Heisenberg's uncertainty principle wasn't discovered until 1927?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 02:46 PM PDT

One of my middle schoolers asked me this. I am surprised and I also can't figure it out. I think I am thinking too hard.

submitted by /u/okraebop
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What is the actual theoretical energy output of the ITER?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 11:25 AM PDT

In their website they have mentioned the experimental reactor will produce 10 times the energy it is given. Now the energy given i assume is the energy for heating the plasma. Then what about the whole reactor energy consumption. Considering that, what will be actual output power with respect to the power consumed by the whole reactor.

submitted by /u/ThatOneGuyRedditting
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Does a boat going over and underwater tunnel put more stress on the tunnel?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 03:45 PM PDT

Probably a stupid question. But the more you know ! Right? Got stuck in traffic in an underwater tunnel that large vessels go over regularly. While the vessels obviously don't make contact with the tunnel is there more pressure when they are traveling overhead?

submitted by /u/Pineapllepusher
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Is there any possible relation between the imbalance of matter/anti-matter and cold spots on the cosmic background radiation?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 03:41 PM PDT

This article about matter dominating over anti-matter combined with this article about the possibility of the cold spot being from bumping into another universe got me wondering. Could this "bump" have had some kind of transfer of matter/anti-matter between two or more universes, causing the imbalance? Does/could the universe that got bumped have more anti-matter?

submitted by /u/UCBlack
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Do the molten and aqueous forms of a compound conduct the same amount of electricity or differing amounts?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 07:16 PM PDT

Take for example molten NaCl and aqueous NaCl. Does one conduct more electricity than the other?

submitted by /u/Jchezz
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Why are BRCA1 mutations so highly linked to breast cancer compared to other types of cancers, when BRCA1 is expressed in many different tissues (not just breast tissues)?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 06:15 AM PDT

I am teaching a biology lab to non-majors and we talking about cancer next, and this is a question that I have wondered about and I want to be able to explain it to my students.

submitted by /u/MarlinsGuy
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Are there any other elements besides carbon capable of forming the bonds needed for complex life?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 10:43 AM PDT

If not, then if we ever came across intelligent life could we safely assume it'll be carbon based and have undergone evolutionary pressures similar to what our ancestors would have faced and be biologically understandable?

submitted by /u/Critwhoris
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How do we perceive objects to have subtly different colors in different lighting (sunlight, fluorescent, etc.)? Is it our eyes that adjust the color or does the lighting determine this?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 08:44 AM PDT

Why do heavier elements need more pressure and temperature to fuse than lighter elements?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 09:23 AM PDT

Edit: fuse as in "undergo fusion"

submitted by /u/Dudeman1000
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Thursday, October 26, 2017

Can satellites be in geostationary orbit at places other than the equator? Assuming it was feasible, could you have a space elevator hovering above NYC?

Can satellites be in geostationary orbit at places other than the equator? Assuming it was feasible, could you have a space elevator hovering above NYC?


Can satellites be in geostationary orbit at places other than the equator? Assuming it was feasible, could you have a space elevator hovering above NYC?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 04:12 PM PDT

'Feasible' meaning the necessary building materials, etc. were available, would the physics work? (I know very little about physics fwiw)

submitted by /u/OpenWaterRescue
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flair:'Neuroscience' If you were to "mentally practice" tennis, would the parts of your brain normally associated with actually playing tennis (especially movement) be activated as a result?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 03:49 PM PDT

If those parts are activated, why are your limbs not actually moving?

EDIT: I accidentally broke my flair first time 'round, sorry.

submitted by /u/TowerDrake
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Why are elements (like gold) found in chunks and concentrated in some locations?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 12:10 PM PDT

Hi everyone,

I'm no astronomy expert at all, therefore sorry if I say something too stupid here. :)

As far as I know the elements are formed in the universe by fusion (up to iron) and other super events (like supernovas) for elements above iron.

My doubt is, if atoms of an element (gold for example) are formed randomly in the universe, how come here on Earth they are always together in chunks (nuggets) and always in some specific locations (where they concentrate the mining)?

I've learned that Star formations produce a gaseous proto-planetary disk around the young star. All this "dust" collide and stick together throughout the years, gradually growing to form planets.

So, if this is the case, how come atoms from the same element come together? Do they attract each other? Is it due to they similar weight?

Thank you all!

submitted by /u/firefss
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Does your DNA alter throughout your lifetime?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 03:07 PM PDT

Does everything you come in contact with in your life alter your DNA chemistry in any way? All of your experiences? All of your emotions? Physical damage? Healthy or poor eating? Hygiene?

UPDATE: All of this is amazing you guys. I appreciate all of the effort you all put in to explaining. It's truly amazing; the human body.

submitted by /u/hordanjoward
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How do ion propulsion systems avoid building up a huge static charge?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 03:37 PM PDT

From what I understand, ion propulsion systems ionize a gas, typically xenon, then shoot it out at extreme speeds.

And from what I understand of static electricity, when you have significantly more or less protons than electrons, you've got a static charge.

If a satellite or space ship uses an ion propulsion system, which is stripping/adding electrons to the propellant as it is used, how are they avoiding an ever-increasing static charge as the vessel uses its engine?

submitted by /u/mouseasw
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Do bigger people have more nerves than smaller people? If they have, do they have more brain capacity to complement it?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 05:39 AM PDT

If people would have the same nerve density regardless of the amount of tissue, that would mean more sensory information from a bigger person's body. Would that at some point affect brain functions of really large people?

And if you get fat, would that mean more nerves and information with the added skin and tissue? Your brain still stays the same.

submitted by /u/TracesOfGuitar
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Does my current fitness level when conceiving a child affect my child in any way?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 07:04 PM PDT

Like if I'm really fat when we conceive, does that make it more likely my child will be less healthy? Or vice versa if I'm very fit?

I am male, so more focused on that perspective. But answers for either male or female would be appreciated!

submitted by /u/PM_ME_BOYSHORTS
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Is gravity different in certain spots on earth?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 10:48 PM PDT

I keep hearing stuff like "the average gravity on earth is 9.81 m/s/s" but for there to be an average wouldn't there have to multiple amounts?

submitted by /u/CauseImBatman08
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Why does your hearing slightly fade out when you yawn?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 08:48 AM PDT

Are there more poisonous and venomous animals in warmer climates?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 12:44 PM PDT

Is this perception even accurate? If yes, do we know why?

submitted by /u/orbat
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Does the concept of a photon ever break down?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 05:29 PM PDT

Gamma rays can be approximated as particles, but what about radio waves? Microwaves?

submitted by /u/LiveClimbRepeat
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How does the multi factor authentication algorithm work?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 01:54 AM PDT

and more specifically how do the two devices know the correct key while being disconnected from the internet.

submitted by /u/suhdude187
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Is there a fundamental difference between tornadoes and dust devils, or is it *just* a matter of size?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 08:11 AM PDT

Are they formed by similar (yet differently scaled) causes, or are they, at their root, different beasts that merely resemble each other? Does there exist a smooth spectrum (continuum) of possible sizes, or is there a clear jump from dust devils to tornadoes, with nothing in between?

submitted by /u/Fractal_Soul
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Why is c (speed of light) the constant and not time or space?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 08:51 PM PDT

If I orbit earth and fire a beam of light it should travel 300K km/s tangentially off the orbit. But if I take gravity into account then the light should bend to the gravity of the earth just as it does around a black hole. My question is why is it that light is the constant and time/space are the ones that bend. What would the implication be if light ebbed and flowed and time moved at a constant rate?

submitted by /u/TheSirLeAwesome
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If energy can neither be created nor be destroyed where does all the energy in the universe came from?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 05:26 PM PDT

If energy can neither be created nor be destroyed where does all the energy in the universe came from?

submitted by /u/kattappanakaran
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Clarification on Black Body Radiation and Quantas?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 03:41 AM PDT

I'm having trouble understanding the relationship between the radiation absorbed by a black body, its temperature, and the thermal radiation it emits. For example, when looking at the graph of BBR curves, what exactly does it all mean? Also, how does this all tie into the "Ultraviolet Catastrophe" and the adoption of Quantas over Classical Physics?

submitted by /u/mattyboom24
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Do we have any idea what prevents the massive force of repulsion between the protons in the nucleus of the atom?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 07:15 PM PDT

Are there any interesting theories out there? Or are we completely clueless? Also, I would love to see some interesting articles linked here!

submitted by /u/Cellocity23
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In the making of calendars thousands of years ago, how would people nail down that the year was 365 days long? Analemmas, maybe from the shadows of a sort of gnomon at noon?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 10:36 PM PDT

Do Icebreaker ships cause serious environmental damage to the Arctic region?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 10:32 PM PDT

I'm not sure if this is an appropriate question to ask but I just watched a video about a nuclear powered Icebreaker ship that according to the video was clearing a passage toward the North Pole. Insanely cool and impressive what we have been able to achieve but at the same time it looks like it's causing a lot of disturbance in the areas where it passes through and I was wondering if there are any long term negative repercussions such ships would have in the region?

submitted by /u/NotPlato
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Why does lightning cause things like trees and buildings to explode/disintegrate?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 01:30 AM PDT

As the title suggests, why do lightning strikes cause trees to literally explode like this or like this.

submitted by /u/PbThunder
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Would a skyscraper weigh more lying on its side than it would standing upright?

Posted: 26 Oct 2017 12:34 AM PDT

Wednesday, October 25, 2017

Can an insect be “fat”? How do they store energy?

Can an insect be “fat”? How do they store energy?


Can an insect be “fat”? How do they store energy?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 04:30 PM PDT

How long can an insect go about it's business on its reserves?

submitted by /u/SpidersArePeopleToo
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Eliezer Yudkowsky says, that a memory card containing a specification of the first 10000 Busy Beaver machines would be "worth more than the rest of the entire observable universe minus the card". How come?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 04:17 AM PDT

This is the essay where he claims it.

submitted by /u/thetimujin
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Why are the wires inside an ethernet cable twisted in pairs? What discipline does the science of data transfer specifically over wires fall under?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 04:46 AM PDT

What is it about the hoof structure (or overall physiology) of mountain goats that makes them capable of scaling sheer cliffs?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 06:50 PM PDT

Whenever I see images such as these they just seem to defy physics.

submitted by /u/Final_Philosophy
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Do the languages we speak affect how we perceive (not reproduce) sounds?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 06:12 AM PDT

Can microwave technology get better, or have we reached the peak speed and power of what a standard outlet will provide?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 06:50 AM PDT

I know the microwave I had 20 years ago and the one I have now are about the same, because I have always punched 3 minutes while making popcorn, and stop it somewhere after 1:00 is left. If there are still advancements, what new things are coming out that I'm missing? What could we do to improve the technology of reheating foods?

submitted by /u/SecretLifeOfANerd
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Does a row of dominoes being tipped have a characteristic propagation speed or does it depend on how the first is knocked over?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 07:50 PM PDT

It seems that a higher kinetic energy to the first domino would lead to less time to fall over, with the next domino having more velocity, etc. On the other hand, every other wave I'm familiar with has a characteristic speed.

submitted by /u/314159265358979326
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Why aren't we using thorium as a primary source of energy?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 11:50 PM PDT

I recently watched a mini documentary on thorium and from what I understand it:

  1. Has an incredible energy density
  2. Is extremely abundant on Earth

So why isn't it being utilized to it's full potential?

submitted by /u/ManooChanoblay
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If a room was perfectly sealed from all external forces, would the air inside naturally settle with the heavier compounds to the bottom and the lighter to the top, or is air always continuously mixing?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 01:41 AM PDT

When you heat metal a lot, it glows. Where are those photons of the glow coming from?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 06:29 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 08:06 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Could you use a spacesuit to go scuba diving?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 07:27 AM PDT

Is there a frame of refference from which electromagnetic waves appear only as electric waves?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 11:37 PM PDT

A stationary charge has an electric field surrounding it. A charge, moving with a constant velocity, has a magnetic field, however this can be explained to only be a product of special relativity, because from a frame of refference, moving with the same velocity as the charge, it appears stationary and thus only produces an electric field. Is there a frame of refference, from point of which harmonically oscillating electric and magnetic fields(electromagnetic waves) appears only as an electric field?

submitted by /u/fjellhus
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How does the F-35 air intake design overcome the problem of boundary layer ingestion?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 07:44 PM PDT

https://media.defense.gov/2014/Mar/11/2000783826/-1/-1/0/140310-F-NG006-007.JPG

Most planes have air intakes that aren't flush to the fuselage to avoid undue stress on the turbine blades in the form of uneven boundary layers that have formed on the body and the other edge of the inlet. Seeing as the F-35 can fly properly, how do the engines cope with the consequences of flush mounted inlets? Boundary layer suction? Some other super classified technology?
Even looking at the F-22 raptor, it has offset inlets to prevent this issue.

submitted by /u/Rhedogian
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How do we know this? - origins of elements from the periodic table. /physics/

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 06:25 AM PDT

Why are stars different sizes?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 06:51 PM PDT

If stars form when clouds of mostly hydrogen gas start to fall into a ball due to gravity. If there is enough gas, eventually that gas becomes so compressed that the hydrogen atoms start to fuse together to form helium atoms and the energy released from that fusion ignites the star.

My question is that there has to be a critical mass at which hydrogen atoms start to fuse. That shouldn't deviate. So once critical mass is reached, wouldn't the ignition of the star blow away any additional gas and thus limiting the size of stars?

Obviously we stars of all sizes, so what am I missing? Maybe stars made of heavier gases?

submitted by /u/Beazty1
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Why is it that when a radio loses signal, you hear static, but when a phone loses signal, you hear silence?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 06:05 AM PDT

What makes bismuth crystallize rather than just solidify smooth?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 11:07 PM PDT

I've watched every bismuth DIY tutorial, and I'm just not grasping how to make crystals form on the BOTTOM of the pool of solidifying liquid. I wouldn't even believe it's possible except that people on YT have plainly done it. I've tried every combination of factors from cooling it extremely slowly to pouring it into room temperature mold, but the bottom surface always solidifies instead of crystallizing. (In fact, I'm not sure it isn't crystallizing first and then promptly being solidified over.)

I'm very chemistry ignorant, so it's possible I'm overlooking something very obvious. I've been able to form crystals in a pot from the top surface down, but not in molds (Like a geode or egg) from the bottom up.

Is there some glaring error I'm committing? Any help is super appreciated, I'm nearly losing sleep over this.

submitted by /u/Kinstrome
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After inserting a donor, how do surgeons "restart" a heart after a transplant?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 09:31 PM PDT

Does the body physically acclimatize itself during the colder months?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 03:06 PM PDT

We all know that 50°f at the end of winter than at the beginning. I presume we acclimate after so much time, but is any of this happening on a cellular level? Do the cells in our skin change at all over time to help handle the cold better?

submitted by /u/Virginia_Trek
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[Genetics] How does stranded RNA seq with dUTP work?

Posted: 25 Oct 2017 04:17 AM PDT

I understand the method up to second strand synthesis using uracil, followed by uracil degradation. At this point, you have a single DNA strand complementary to the original RNA. But if you amplify it by PCR you have a double stranded PCR product, so how do you tell which was the original?

submitted by /u/Samhairle
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Why does stressing a muscle cause it to grow?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 10:03 PM PDT

What happened to acid rain?

Posted: 24 Oct 2017 08:24 PM PDT

I read about it in school when I was young and was told it happened relatively often. I haven't heard any news of it since.

submitted by /u/iBeavy
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