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Monday, September 18, 2017

Was working at Jimmy John's today when I customer came in and was severely allergic to cucumbers but could eat pickles, how's that possible?

Was working at Jimmy John's today when I customer came in and was severely allergic to cucumbers but could eat pickles, how's that possible?


Was working at Jimmy John's today when I customer came in and was severely allergic to cucumbers but could eat pickles, how's that possible?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:46 PM PDT

Is all matter composed of stardust?

Posted: 18 Sep 2017 03:12 AM PDT

And if not, just how much matter that we know and see, including our own selves, is made up of the remnants of ancient stars? Literally blows my mind that we are the product of what happens when a burning ball of hydrogen is left alone for so long, that it eventually evolves the ability to ask where it came from (us).

submitted by /u/Shayneepoo13
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In terms of evolution, why is vitamin D synthesis dependent on exposure to sunlight?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:47 PM PDT

Why does the sun and the full moon appear bigger when near the horizon?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:45 PM PDT

Does the "location" of a headache say anything about its cause?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 11:56 AM PDT

We have maps of what the continents looked like millions of years ago when they were all together. How accurately can we map what the continents will look like millions of years from now?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 12:20 PM PDT

How do you explain photoelectric effect using quantum mechanics?

Posted: 18 Sep 2017 04:05 AM PDT

I understand that photoelectric effect can be explained using photons, where light comes in quantised, discreet amount of energy. I also understand that the wave-particle duality theory isn't strictly true and it's more of a probablity wave. How do you explain the photoelectric effect then? How does the electron and photon interact when they exist as a cloud of probabilities? Am I missing something in my understanding? Thank you

submitted by /u/zhrmghg
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As time progresses, does the perimeter of the visible universe recede because photons (albeit redshifted ones) from distant stars finally reach us, or does it get closer because inflation pushes stars at the edge of the visible universe away faster than their light can get to us?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 07:15 PM PDT

I'm not asking about the absolute size of the visible universe; I'm asking if the number of stars inside the boundary line is increasing or decreasing (stellar lifecycles aside!)

submitted by /u/Glaselar
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Is it possible to micro dose a poison and eventually gain immunity?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 11:54 AM PDT

I'm thinking like what happened in the film The Princess Bride. The idea is that if you were to take enough aspirin to the point where regular sized doses don't really affect you, would you be able to do the same with something like cyanide for example? I know movies are usually BS but is there any basis in fact there?

submitted by /u/Oly-SF-Redwood
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What is the ph of liquid co2?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:33 PM PDT

I know this can only exist under considerable pressure, but I'm curious and can't seem to find an answer.

submitted by /u/_BitMason
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Why does tidal acceleration happen sattelites that orbit a oceanless planet?

Posted: 18 Sep 2017 06:30 AM PDT

I have to write a superficial essay about to moon, but went down the rabbithole of wikipedia articles and I got stuck with a question.

 

In a wikipedia article regarding Tidal acceleration, they claim that the acceleration is present between all prograde natural sattelites and their primary, but the explanation provided for the earth-moon system relies on the mass deplacement from the oceans, which create a torque that slows down the earth and moves the moon away.

 

How does this happen on satellites that orbit a primary that does not have liquid water, the article states that in most cases tidal acceleration is neglible, and not comparable to the earth moon situation, but I was wondering how the effect even happens in those systems?

 

Is it simply because the center of mass of the planet is not on the rotational axis? Or is there some different proces?

submitted by /u/yousoc
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Would mechanically moving electrons create a super-strong magnetic field?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:24 PM PDT

According to this Veritasium video, the magnetic field in a wire with a non-zero current is an artifact of special relativity. A moving charge sees a speed difference between the wire and the electrons in it (since the electrons are moving). Due to Lorentz contraction there appears to be a net positive charge and a repelling force arises. The physical speed of electrons supporting a current is very slow, a few micrometers per seconds, but due to the number of electrons and the strength of the electric field the effect is macroscopic.

What if you could mechanically increase this speed? Say you had a charged capacitor, and one of the plates was given a parallel velocity. E.g. two concentric cylinders with a charge imbalance, with one of them attached to a motor. Wouldn't that create a very strong apparent magnetic field?

submitted by /u/skydivingdutch
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What are the physiological mechanisms through which "sonic weapons" could cause symptoms such as traumatic brain injury?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 01:47 PM PDT

I was curious when hearing about the alleged "sonic attack" at the American embassy in Cuba. I was wondering what the exact mechanism might be through which a localized sound wave can cause such effects. What is known about this subject?

submitted by /u/HugodeGroot
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My Uncle was just diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a prion disease. What makes these disorders so hard, to impossible to treat?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 05:54 PM PDT

My uncle has been given less than 6 months to live. Our family is in utter shock at the moment. I have been doing a lot of reading, and I understand brain diseases are always problematic because of the brain-blood barrier. But what else makes prion diseases so hard to treat. Also, does anyone know of any experimental treatments?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/KitKatBarMan
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What would happen if only your arm and nothing else was exposed to a vacuum?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 07:37 PM PDT

Let's assume you had a vacuum chamber with a hole somewhere in the wall you put your arm through which sealed it perfectly

submitted by /u/Raknarg
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What makes you feel 'full' ?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 05:25 PM PDT

I was wondering, when you feel full, as in you don't want to eat anymore, is it the volume of the food that makes you feel this way, or is it the caloric content?

submitted by /u/notadi
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Can organ transplant recipients be organ donors?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 07:19 PM PDT

Let's say you receive a heart transplant. You live a full life and die by some other means than heart related issues. Is that heart eligible to be donated again?

submitted by /u/letsjustgoalready
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Why is it when I drink something really sour my cheek muscles tighten?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 03:57 PM PDT

Why is it bad to shampoo my hair everyday?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 11:38 AM PDT

I've heard that its bad for your hair but I'd like to know the science behind it.

submitted by /u/CaptainTerror
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[Chemistry] How do you know how many isotopes of atom exist?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 08:00 PM PDT

I'm trying to understand. I know that an an element is determined by the protons in it's nucleus. If Hydrogen gains a proton then it is now Helium. But how do you know how many isotopes there can be? Carbon 12 has 6p and 6n, but could I go as low as having 6 protons and 1 neutron or is that not possible and is it something that I will just have to memorize?

submitted by /u/YearnsForStarfleet
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How does the distance between subatomic particles work?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 12:55 PM PDT

From what I understand the strong force acts between about 0.8 to 3fm. I'm trying to understand the distance between protons/neurons in a nucleus and between quarks within a nucleon, and how they relate to each other.

I've read that the distance between quarks is approximately 0.8fm and the distance between nucleons is approximately the range of the strong force.

This suggests that the protons overlap and have a pretty undefined size. Is it right to assume that a nucleus is more like a cloud of quarks that don't have a set distance or any distinct bounds?

Having seen diagrams of nucleons being a sort of bubble containing 3 quarks at a set distance and nucleuses being a little collection of multicoloured spheres my whole life has lead me to a lot of confusion about this topic...

submitted by /u/Ambidextroid
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Why is Jupiters surface/atmosphere so volatile?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 11:49 AM PDT

Just saw the new Juno image of Jupiters South Pole and all the storms that are up to 1000km across. How or why is the surface/atmosphere in such chaos, bringing to mind the "red spot" which has been raging for hundreds of years. What also makes these storms last for so long and why are the colours of the storms so different? Cheers!

submitted by /u/xxKoolAid
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Why are the hands facing forward in anatomical position?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:07 PM PDT

Twisting the hands outwards causes stress in the forearm. Wouldn't it be easier to examine a body that is under as little stress as possible?

submitted by /u/JustAnotherMe23
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Sunday, September 17, 2017

What is the gold and silver foil they put on satellites and why is it important?

What is the gold and silver foil they put on satellites and why is it important?


What is the gold and silver foil they put on satellites and why is it important?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 04:32 AM PDT

I was looking at a picture of a satellite in the news the other day and noticed that every time I've seen some kind of space-related piece of equipment, it is wrapped in gold/silver foil. Is this real gold and real silver? What is it? Why is it used?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/BarSeraph
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Would it be possible to slow light down enough for the naked eye to see it moving?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 01:07 AM PDT

Light moves 66% of c in water. Would it be possible to create a liquid(other states of matter also count) in which light moves so slowly so that it's visible with the naked eye?

An example: Let's say that we have a curtain of said liquid. If I stand on one side of it, and quickly am to walk to the other side, and looked through the curtain, would I then see a past reflection of myself, one which stands on the other side of the curtain?

submitted by /u/blackcarpet2000
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Did NASA nuke Saturn?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 03:35 AM PDT

NASA just sent Cassini to its final end...

What does 72 pounds of plutonium look like crashing into Saturn? Does it go nuclear? A blinding flash of light and mushroom cloud?

submitted by /u/Gbltrader
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Can wave functions of two particles completely cancel eachother out, in the same way as noise cancelling?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 06:17 PM PDT

How does adding heat to a liquid allow it to dissolve more substance? What effect does heat have on whatever IMFs are at work.

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 03:29 AM PDT

If a solid is clumping to itself while surrounded by liquid, it probably means the solid molecules have greater IMFs between themselves than with h20 (what about if they're just pressed together? E.g a pill. I'm not sure). Heat means more kinetic energy in the water built that's where I can't bridge the understanding gap

I haven't had a fun chem question like this in a while, brings me back to muh roots

submitted by /u/thetrapjesus
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What would hurt more saltwater or freshwater?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 06:11 AM PDT

If you were to jump into a freshwater lake vs jumping into salt water, will the impact be harder on your body for one or the same for both?

Hypothetically if you could replicate both jumps from the exact same height, landing the exact same way and both bodies of water were the exact same temperature

submitted by /u/joshbvl
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What function does natural oil have as a part of the eco-system?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 11:51 PM PDT

Where do the abs go during a pregnancy? Up, down, front, back?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 01:23 PM PDT

How do you determine the oxidation states of transition metals?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 04:18 PM PDT

I know that a lot of the transition metals have oxidation states of +2 and +3, but I was never taught what determined them, and it seems pretty random. My teachers just told me to memorize each transition metal

submitted by /u/iliedabouthewheels
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Why can't we objectively & accurately test the spice level, &/or capsaicin amounts in a given product?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 07:19 PM PDT

The scoville units don't seem to be the most scientific approach to determining spice level. We have nutrition labels, we determine alochol, caffeine, THC, & OTC med content level. Why can't we test objectively & accurately the spice level of foods?

submitted by /u/ralphwiggum420
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How does petrol "get old" in a container?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 08:29 PM PDT

Discovered today that petrol, even if it's in a decent container, gets "old" and loses combustability. You can also get additives to prevent this. What's going on and what do the additives do?

submitted by /u/dasfreak
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Magnetic field disappearance in the reference frame of a moving charge before special relativity?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 12:08 AM PDT

If a charged particle is moving steadily, there is an associated magnetic field. However in the reference frame of the particle, the magnetic field disappears. It's naturally reconciled if you consider relativistic contraction, but I'm curious how physicists approached the problem before the advent of special relativity/ Lorentz transformations.

submitted by /u/Im_int
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There are Glasses that make Colorblind People see colors. Do they work the other way around too?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 02:40 AM PDT

What happens if "normal" people wearing them? Do they see B&W? Could the glasses be modified to do so?

Edit: I know Colorblind people don't see B&W. It was a metaphor because there are so many different ways of colorblindness.

submitted by /u/hdrr_at
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Why do the bottoms of clouds seem to be flat while the tops seem to be very bumpy?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 02:39 PM PDT

Does nuclear waste produce energy?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 08:12 AM PDT

Might be a stupid question, but I was thinking that if it could produce energy, we could use it as an RTG and blast it off into space.

submitted by /u/thosedamnpiggles
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What is under Saturn's clouds?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 08:34 PM PDT

I could never really understand what's under Jupiter's and Saturn's gases. You could see meteor strikes [I remember a while ago, a series of huge asteroids hit jupiter and you could see the black spots from them], yet I still can't understand how that can be visible if there are such thick gases on its surface.

submitted by /u/crescent_reincarnate
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How and when does brain and nervous system turn on in human fetus?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 11:30 AM PDT

What are the actually formulas of the Trigonometric functions?

Posted: 17 Sep 2017 12:48 AM PDT

In other words, what is the sine inverse function actually doing to in the equation "sin-1 (17/23)" to turn 17/23 into 47.65739... degrees? Also, the other way around: If I had sin(47.65739°), what is the sine function doing to turn that angle back into a ratio? is there a specific formula that each one has?

submitted by /u/MajorLeagueRekt
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Quantum Physics, How many states can matter be the superposition of at once?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 11:11 AM PDT

Schrodinger's Cat was Dead/Alive. Could it have also been Dead/Alive/Maimed in a similar scenario? is there a limit to the superposition?

submitted by /u/bubsd
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What happens if a white dwarf is accreting mass slowly until he reaches the tipping point to become a neutron star?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 07:14 AM PDT

So i am not talking about a merger of two white dwarfs for example, which i know are violent events. More like a slow procress like syphoning matter from a binary partner. How violently would such a process happen? Is there some kind of supernova happening when the dwarf collapses?

Bonus question: what happens if a neutron star amasses matter slowly and turns into a blackhole?

submitted by /u/katzmarek
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What if you sprayed a hydrophobic solution (UltraEverDry, NeverWet) onto water?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 03:52 PM PDT

Saturday, September 16, 2017

AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. John Nagy and I'm here to talk about Peto's Paradox and why larger mammals don't have higher cancer rates. Ask Me Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. John Nagy and I'm here to talk about Peto's Paradox and why larger mammals don't have higher cancer rates. Ask Me Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. John Nagy and I'm here to talk about Peto's Paradox and why larger mammals don't have higher cancer rates. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 07:22 AM PDT

Hello Reddit! I'm a mathematical biologist (@jdnagy96) studying why larger mammals don't have higher cancer rates--like why aren't all blue whales dying of cancer? This is just one of the many questions about cancer that evolutionary theory helps illuminate. We also work on how evolution causes tumors to become malignant and resist treatment. I'll be around in the afternoon (ET), so AMA!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Would an Argon-Oxygen atmosphere be breathable?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 05:01 AM PDT

Could humans breath an Argon-Oxygen atmosphere? For bonus points: what about a Neon-Oxygen atmosphere?

submitted by /u/VirtualArmsDealer
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Alpha and Beta rays can barely get through a sheet of paper, How much mass do you need to block gamma rays?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 01:20 PM PDT

Cassini was launched in 1997, how come the photos it send back are HD on par with 2017?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 12:28 AM PDT

What's the amplitude of a electromagnetic wave ?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 05:58 AM PDT

Last day, in physics class, I learnt that mechanical waves have an "Amplitude". I wondered if an electromagnetic has one, and then what could be its value. (sry for my English )

submitted by /u/Ezatrixx
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Can atoms give up electrons that are not in the outer layer?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 04:33 AM PDT

There is no way for it to happen naturally that I know of, but can we force, for example Sodium, to not only give the one aelectron in its third outer layer, but to also give additional electrons from its second layer?

submitted by /u/MrZipZap
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Is there a logical reason as to why both variance and standard deviation are used?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 06:20 AM PDT

Given the mathematical relationship (squaring and square rooting) between the two of them, how come the other exists? Can't we just use standard deviation for everything, and in formulas just square the standard deviation?

submitted by /u/nintendogedsi
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What happens to the energy in a Mains to USB adaptor?

Posted: 16 Sep 2017 04:41 AM PDT

I suspect this could be generalised to any power brick. But here's what I know.

Mains voltage runs at 240/250V (atleast here in the UK). The plug will have a transformer in it that steps the voltage down to the 5V necessary for USB compliance.

Electricity flows when a circuit is complete. The input to the transformer forms a complete circuit; and when a device is connected to the output a current will be induced in the output of the transformers coil as that is also a complete circuit.

But when a device is not connected to the output where is the energy from the completed input circuit going?

submitted by /u/innerlambada
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On Earth like planets (water/rock) would supercontinents be the norm? Or would we see most planets with fractured continents like present day earth?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 09:33 PM PDT

Is it possible to touch solid light?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 06:46 PM PDT

I've been reading up on how scientists in 2014 forced light into a solid state, articles referring to them as creating light crystals.

My question is, if all contact between regular matter is electrons within atoms pushing other atoms away, would it be possible for someone to touch a material made out of photons and if not how would regular matter and light crystals interact if they came into contact with each other?

submitted by /u/BaldEagleFacts
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How to read the table in chapter 7 of "How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog"?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 05:36 PM PDT

I'm currently reading this 'How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog' by Chad Orzel - which I highly recommend. However, I am stuck in chapter 7. In particular, the explanation about the Bell theorem. I think I am not reading/interpreting the table in that chapter correctly.

For what follows, it helps if you have the book in front of you. However, I'll try to explain what happens in that chapter for those who haven't. Those who have the book can skip to the question below :)

Orzel presents a table that gives the possible outcomes of an experiment, as predicted by Local Hidden Variable Theories, in which two observers each have a photon detector. Each of the detectors is equipped with a polarized filter of which the angle can be varied.

If I understand correctly, a source emits two photons of which the polarization is assumed to be the same (not sure about this, though). The Local Hidden Variable Theories assume that the polarization of both is a fixed value, but unknown.

Now, the table I am talking about lists for each observer (Truman and RD) and each orientation (a,b or c) of the filter, the different possible outcomes (1 = photon detected, 0=not detected). See image

Given that we have 2 possible outcomes and 3 orientations (a,b and c), there are 8 possible states (polarizations?) the photons can be in.

QUESTION

Now, on to the question. To get the predictions for the Local Hidden Variable Theories, we are supposed to determine the chance that Truman (observer 1) and RD (observer 2) measure the same outcome given different settings for the filters (a, b or c). The book states that this probability can not be lower than 33%.

However, the book also states that we can 'play around with the probabilities of the individual states'. For example, the book states, we can avoid states 1 and 8.

If we can select the possible states for the photon, shouldn't we be able to make the chance equal to 0? For example, I would think that if Truman chooses c and RD chooses a AND we make sure that the state is always 2, they should always get different outcomes. What am I missing here?

I really hope that someone can help me out as I think this is the clearest book on this subject I have read. In particular, because Orzel does a good job at explaining the implications of QM.

submitted by /u/Tits4Twats
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Are bananas more radioactive then other foods?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 06:56 PM PDT

Banana equivalent dose? Can somebody explain this to me? Are they just using bananas as an example or are they more radioactive than other healthy foods? I am paranoid to eat bananas lol.

submitted by /u/pencilpens
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Almost every structure we build contains cement, so when will we run out of the materials to make cement?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 05:58 PM PDT

Does a MRI affect the iron in the blood in anyway?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 08:25 PM PDT

Why is it that when you try to focus on 1 star it seems to slowly disappear, and when you focus your eyes just next to the star you see it sharply again?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 10:26 AM PDT

Could someone help fix my understanding of action potentials and the Na+/K+ pump?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 06:26 PM PDT

The simplified explanation I was taught goes like this:

Non-gated sodium channels open following a stimulus. Once enough Na+ ions diffuse through these channels (as well as through the membrane to a lesser extent), the electrical charge reaches a threshold of -55mV, voltage-gated sodium channels also open, and the membrane depolarizes until it reaches around 30 mV. At this point, voltage-gated sodium channels close, voltage-gated potassium channels open, and K+ ion efflux repolarizes the membrane to a resting potential of -70 mV, at which point Na+/K+ pumps start to function. However, non-gated potassium channels are still open, and K+ ions are still diffusing out of the membrane through these leak channels, creating hyper-polarization. Na+ is stuck in the axon at this point, as well. The closing of the K+ channels, plus Na+/K+ pump activity, restores membrane charge to threshold, with Na+ ions on the outside and K+ ions on the inside.

This explanation seems pretty flawed to me. The Na+/K+ pump transports 3 Na+ ions out for every 2 K+ ions it transports in. If it kicks in during the refractory period, which is caused by leak channels allowing the escape of positively-charged potassium ions, wouldn't it decrease the membrane's positive charge even further by forcing 3 positively charged ions out for every 2 it pushes in? How does the membrane return to resting potential?

submitted by /u/MemeticMonstrosity
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How does our body get rid of CO?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 09:35 AM PDT

Everyone knows haemoglobin prefers carbon monoxide over any other gas and that that is why it kills us. So how do our bodies get rid of it if they can't replace it with anything else?

submitted by /u/Heptikbananaz
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How do geosynchronous satellites stay in one place?

Posted: 15 Sep 2017 08:26 AM PDT