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Saturday, August 26, 2017

Do insects experience pain in the same way we do?

Do insects experience pain in the same way we do?


Do insects experience pain in the same way we do?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 05:41 PM PDT

For instance, would a bee have a similar experience to a human if their leg was torn off?

submitted by /u/Dylan7225
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Why does cigarette smoke swirl in continuous lines rather than dispersing in air? Is it just the shape of air current or is there a binding force?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 07:19 AM PDT

In ideal conditions, when someone puffs out a smoke ring it travels while retaining its original shape - is there something holding the shape together or is it just particles travelling in their original direction without being dispersed by air current?

Even when smoke leaves the cigarette and is transformed it appears to stretch out like gum, rather than disperse instantly:

http://footage.framepool.com/shotimg/qf/723479910-cigarette-smoke-pattern-no-people-moving-motion.jpg

Is there a binding force or is it just the shape of air currents it travels through?

submitted by /u/thesignal
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Every computer program is compiled (or interpreted) by another program, called the compiler or interpreter. This includes compilers themselves. Is there a "common ancestor" compiler of all high-level programs today, and if so what is it?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 07:15 AM PDT

I assume the first compilers were written by hand in machine code. Then subsequent compilers can be written in the language implemented by that first compiler, etc. Is there a single hand-written program that basically "birthed" all high-level code we use today?

submitted by /u/rm999
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Are humans more biased to "liking" certain colors? E.g. Is "blue" a much more common color to like than "green"

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 05:50 PM PDT

If one color is more dominant- is there a scientific / cultural reason why?

submitted by /u/Snydypants
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To switch or not to switch?

Posted: 26 Aug 2017 06:54 AM PDT

So, i just remembered a discussion I had with a friend and where I strongly disagreed with him and my maths teacher, because in my head, it makes no sense.

So here is the scenario:

There are three doors: Behind two doors is nothing, but behind one door is a car that you can win, you just need to choose the correct door. After you select one door, the Showmaster will open one of the doors with nothing behind them. Now you can choose if you want to stick with the door you first picked or if you want to switch.

My math teacher said that you have a higher chance of winning if you switch doors, because when you picked the first door you picked a 1 out of 3 chance, but if you switch now it's a 50/50 chance

For me this makes absolutely no sense, because as soon as one door is eliminated you essentially pick again, and both doors are a 50/50 chance. Or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/Alias-_-Me
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Do we need less energy to maintain our body temperature in a hot environment?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 06:12 PM PDT

Why do we hiccup?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 06:29 PM PDT

Can we prove that there are things that have definite answers that can't be proven?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 12:21 PM PDT

I've been interested in mathematical proofs, and I've been fascinated by the amount of things we are pretty sure we know the answer, but can't prove. I was wondering if we know if everything even has a proof. Are there mathematical concepts that, true or false, we will never find a proof for?

submitted by /u/bathord
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We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting in Calgary, Alberta. We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 26 Aug 2017 07:44 AM PDT

Hello AskScience! We are members of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. We study fossil fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles — anything with a backbone! Our research includes how these organisms lived, how they were affected by environmental change like a changing climate, how they're related, and much more.

You can learn more about SVP in this video or follow us on Twitter @SVP_vertpaleo.

We're at our 77th Annual Meeting in Calgary, Alberta. Ask us your vertebrate paleontology questions! We'll be here to answer your questions later this afternoon (Mountain Time)!

Joining us today are:

  • PastTime Podcast hosts Matt Borths, Ph.D. and Adam Pritchard, Ph.D.: Dr. Pritchard studies the early history of the reptiles that gave rise to lizards, dinosaurs, crocodiles and birds. Dr. Borths works on the evolution of carnivorous mammals and African ecosystems. He is a postdoctoral researcher at Ohio University. Find them on Twitter @PastTimePaleo.

  • Stephanie Drumheller, Ph.D.: Dr. Drumheller is a paleontologist at the University of Tennessee whose research focuses on the processes of fossilization, evolution, and biology, of crocodiles and their relatives, including identifying bite marks on fossils. Find her on Twitter @UglyFossils.

  • Eugenia Gold, Ph.D.: Dr. Gold studies brain evolution in relation to the acquisition of flight in dinosaurs. She is a postdoctoral researcher at Stony Brook University. Find her on Twitter @DrNeurosaurus.

submitted by /u/VertPaleoAMA
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Why does sour taste trigger your taste glands to release saliva ?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 05:24 PM PDT

Why do your taste glands release saliva when you eat something sour but not when you eat something sweet or bitter? I've noticed this everytime I eat something sour but haven't seen it with any other type of flavor. Is it a specific gland that releases saliva ?

submitted by /u/Tsarofski98
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What kind of statistics are needed to determine whether a point is moving randomly?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 11:40 PM PDT

Bear with me, there's some explaining to do here:

I was watching water striders skim across the surface of a lake, and was wondering what kind of statistical techniques or math are needed to determine whether the movement is random, or following some sort of pattern.

So a more precise formulation of the question: suppose we have a point S that starts at the origin. Every second, point S moves a fixed distance (let's say 1 unit) in some direction in the 2D plane. How long would I have to watch point S before I could be 95% confident whether or not the movement was random?

Extension questions; suppose the distance moved is variable also, not just the direction. How does that change things?

submitted by /u/quatrevingtneuf
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In neuron depolarization, why does the cell use two types of ions (Na+ and K+) if they are both positive? Why not just use one type?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 08:44 PM PDT

Is it because one type is faster than the other at crossing the membrane? Or is it just because there is more sodium available in our diet?

submitted by /u/ten_mile_river
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How can some animals eat just one thing and get all nutritions and vitamins and all that?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 11:40 AM PDT

We need to eat a balanced diet to get everything we need. Some our bodies can just create (classic vitamin D using our skin), but others we just have to consume.

How can certain animals (how many are there? What is the percentage) just eat one thing. Like blue whales only eat krill. Does Krill just happen to contain everything they need? Or Pandas and eucalyptus leaves.

I know cows occasional lick salt. Do those animals that we (mainly I ;) perceive to be single item eaters also snack on other items? But how does a blue whale, with very specialized eating habits, eat anything else?

Side question: Does every animal need vitamin C? Scurvy must be horrible for an animal...

submitted by /u/hombre74
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Why does a magnet fall slowly when dropped down in a copper pipe?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 11:53 PM PDT

How do flat moles form in the first place?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 11:32 AM PDT

Flat moles that look like a blotch of black or brown ink on the skin. Those that cannot be felt by hand. How do these moles form in the first place?

Is there any way to prevent new moles from growing near other moles?

submitted by /u/therealquestionasker
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How does the fact that energy is quantized explain blackbody radiation?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 06:32 AM PDT

Are we viewing the Sun's magnetic field in this picture of the recent solar eclipse? [Photo in comments section.]

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 09:01 PM PDT

Photo of Eclipsed Sun.

I understand that you can't see magnetic field lines, but are the lines that are emanating from the top and bottom of the disk the result of the Sun's magnetic field interacting with charged particles? I'm assuming that charged particles in the corona are following the field lines while giving off heat. Since this is an infrared photo, I'm assuming that's why we see what appear to be field lines.

submitted by /u/uninc4life2010
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[Mathematics] Two distinct points are always colinear. Three distinct non-colinear points are always coplanar. Four distinct non-coplanar points always form the points of a tetrahedron. What can be said of 5 distinct points?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 05:37 PM PDT

Apologies if the question doesn't seem clear. What structure can be formed by five distinct points (in 3 dimensions or higher) which don't all lie on the surface of a tetrahedron?

submitted by /u/IlanRegal
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Why can't dogs eat certain foods like chocolate?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 06:41 PM PDT

Does the total eclipse affect animal behavior? If so, what does it change?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 12:48 PM PDT

Friday, August 25, 2017

What would be the ecological implications of a complete mosquito eradication?

What would be the ecological implications of a complete mosquito eradication?


What would be the ecological implications of a complete mosquito eradication?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 01:32 PM PDT

Could a person live normally only by sleeping small periods of time like 15 minutes if done correctly?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 01:45 PM PDT

[Chemistry] If you dilute iodine in a bowl and leave it for two days or so the mixture will go from a weak tea color to clear like regular water. Is the iodine still in the water? Why does it lose it's color? What happens on the molecular level?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 04:14 AM PDT

Why physics can't be applied on scales smaller than Planck Length?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 04:13 AM PDT

Discussion: Kurzgesagt's newest YouTube video on the Information Paradox!

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 03:05 PM PDT

Hi everyone! Today on AskScience we're going to learn about the information paradox and why black holes could delete the Universe, with the help of Kurzgesagt's new video. Check it out and come ask your questions!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What type of energy is formed in first ionisation?

Posted: 25 Aug 2017 02:33 AM PDT

I'm learning about ionisation enthalpy and electronegativity as I post this, and I asked my teacher what type of energy is formed in ionisation but he didn't know.

Energy can only be converted so what type is it converted to in ionisation?

submitted by /u/_Callen
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What causes Microsoft Excel to calculate the limit of (1+1/n)^n incorrectly with exceptionally large numbers?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 09:53 PM PDT

So I was reviewing what exactly e is again because I forget from time to time and start to just take the number for granted then thought it would be fun to just see how and when it converged to the value of 2.71828.... and instead of doing it number by number I thought it would be faster to do it by powers of 10.

At a trillion, Excel's value was 2.71852.. and it began to stray from the actual value of e it that it had been converging on previously. At a quadrillion, the displayed value was 3.035... Then at 10 quadrillion it displayed the value of e as 1.

Past 10 quadrillion I'm guessing Excel just starts to read 1/n as 0. Then it doesn't matter what we raise 1 to, but the diverging values at a trillion up to that point don't make sense to me. So what causes Excel to diverge from the true value of e in the first place? At what number does it start? At what number does Excel start to round 1/n to 1? Why?

submitted by /u/TheBashfulPanda
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Is -1 considered a prime number?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 06:50 PM PDT

Alright so I know the definition of a prime numer is a number only divisible by one and itself, and that 1 isn't considered a prime number. However is -1 a prime number, as it is only divisible by 1 and itsel?

submitted by /u/Voldemort1231
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What is the purpose of the fuzz on a peach?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 01:47 PM PDT

How Big can a planet be?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 02:16 PM PDT

Is there a limit to how large a planet can be? After a certain size, does it collapse under its own gravity and become something else, like a sun?

submitted by /u/RaiderFred1
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If there was a planet orbiting at the exact same speed as the Earth, in the same orbital path, but on the other side of the sun from the Earth, would we know about it by now? How would we figure that out?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 09:18 AM PDT

When someone receives an organ transplant, does the host's DNA eventually replace that of the donor?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 04:20 PM PDT

If so, how quickly does that happen?

submitted by /u/Du_Wichser
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If something is running on 12 watts of power versus 24 watts of power, does that mean it will expend the battery exactly twice as less?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 07:08 PM PDT

What prevents an animals cells from simply dissipating?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 07:28 PM PDT

Water, air, and other compounds seem to move and dissipate freely around this world. But what is unique about other objects/animals that prevents them from breaking apart and diffusing in a similar way.

For example: why does my skin not simply fall off my body. What keeps everything contained as one.

submitted by /u/vertune
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We orbit the sun. What does the sun Orbit?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 12:30 PM PDT

The moons orbits us, we orbit the sun. What does the sun exactly Orbit?

They say Voyager is about to leave the solar system, as far as I know this means it's on a escape trajectory from the Orbit of the sun. Now what will this spacecraft do next, follow a relatively similar path then our sun until some object pulls it into it's influence?

And once this Voyager is in this limbo, do we know the forces that will be acting on it? Will we be able to plot this on where it will end up?

submitted by /u/Janmetdekorte
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We can stop using our eyes if we want, then why can't we just not use our ears when we want? What's the benefit of them working 24/7 even while we are sleeping?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 01:14 PM PDT

Why does the earth have an iron core and why are there rocky vs gas planets?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 11:01 AM PDT

This is several questions combined into one. I think they are all related.

So my understanding is the solar system gets creating from a big blob of space does and the sun, planets, etc... Are just clumps of material that gravity pulled together. Why isnt all the material random? If most matter in the universe gas then shouldnt all planets be mostly gas? Why are rocky planets in the inner solar system and gas giants in the outer solar system?

On that note why is the earths core iron? Why isnt it a random distribution of elements?

submitted by /u/Youtoo2
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What does pheromone look like? If you had ounces in a vial would it be gaseous, liquid, powdery?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 05:31 PM PDT

I would just like to know what physical properties a 'pheromone' has. Is it even tangible?

submitted by /u/obsidianhoax
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Thursday, August 24, 2017

Does continental shift have any effect on man made structures like bridges and canals that connect them?

Does continental shift have any effect on man made structures like bridges and canals that connect them?


Does continental shift have any effect on man made structures like bridges and canals that connect them?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 11:40 PM PDT

i.e. a bridge between Africa and Europe and Panama Canal?

submitted by /u/Jesusloveskfc
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Why do wind turbines have 3 blades?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 11:13 PM PDT

Why do modern wind turbines typically have 3 blades?

The wind driven pumps in old movies had many blades filling that disk.

Doesn't the 3 blade approach mean some useful wind is wasted between the blades?

The obvious answer is because this is the most efficient design, but how is that conclusion reached?

submitted by /u/fairgodtroll
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Is the "Island of Stability" possible?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 08:24 AM PDT

As in, are we able to create an atom that's on the island of stability, and if not, how far we would have to go to get an atom on it?

submitted by /u/TheEmpressKim
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[biology] How is the jaw pulled down?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 10:00 AM PDT

How exactly does the clock drive a CPU?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 06:33 AM PDT

I understand making simple counter circuits using relays- they 'do their thing' and process the hardwired calculation pretty much the moment that power is applied. Does a CPU work more or less the same? Does it process one calculation in one cycle, apply the result to another calculation another cycle, and repeats the cycle? I am trying to understand exactly how this works after reading this aricle. I have a basic understanding of electronics and what each component does- I want to understand this also.

submitted by /u/f0rgotten
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What is meant by "weapons grade" uranium/plutonium?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 07:14 AM PDT

I'm not sure if it's just common slang or military talk. Is there an actual difference? Does the uranium and such used in weapons actually differ from that which naturally occurs or is used in energy. Also, tag on question - what is depleted uranium used in weapons such as artillery shells?

submitted by /u/joeket
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Has the average human IQ fluctuated significantly over the time it has been measured?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 10:19 PM PDT

If so, are there any generally accepted reasons for this change?

submitted by /u/Spartangreen5102
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Jacob Bekenstein proved that black holes grow by a Plank distance^2 every time it absorbs one bit of information. What does this mean exactly, what qualifies as "one bit"?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 07:00 AM PDT

How much harder is Thorium to weaponize and is it as effective or more over Uranium if done correctly?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 06:59 AM PDT

I've noticed a lot of posts about Thorium reactors stating the fact Thorium is harder to weaponize, but how much of a pro is this really?

It seems to me from the wording it's still possible to weaponize it and is there any real safety if these reactors were more prevalent over Uranium reactors in helping stop nuclear bombs?

submitted by /u/JustAKarmaWhore
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Why in the case of alloys (such as constantan and manganin), does the resistance and resistivity practically remain the same with increase in temperature?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 04:53 AM PDT

In metals, the conductivity increases with decrease in temperature and in semiconductors the conductivity increases with increase in temperature but why in alloys (constantan and manganin) the conductivity practically remain the same with increase in temperature?

Note:English is not my first language

submitted by /u/navneet9431
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Can a planet rings rotate in a different angle and direction of it's planet?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 10:38 PM PDT

How did Einstein work out that the speed of light is the fastest speed there is? How do we know this?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 09:36 PM PDT

What causes Nichrome to have more electrical resistance than Copper?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 06:12 AM PDT

I guess Nichrome has less free electrons in it's atom because of which the number of collisions with the current forming electrons is very high and hence it has high electrical resistance. Correct me if my wrong. I will be thankful for help.

submitted by /u/navneet9431
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What are the effects of strong magnetic field on a human body?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 06:05 AM PDT

I was reading about magnetars and found some very interesting information. Could someone please explain what would happen if we got dangerously close (within 10 000km?) to a very powerful magnetic field (up to 1 trillion gauss)?
Especially interesting would be our nerve impulses and molecular structure. Would our senses pick up the magnetic field getting stronger as we approach a magnetar?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/noiwontfixyourpc
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How can a hexagonal crystal structure, such as wurtzite GaN, have an overall spontaneous polarisation when a gallium atom bonded to four nitrogen atoms is nonpolar?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 05:57 AM PDT

GaN can be grown in a wurtzite crystal structure, where the two components of the alloy form interlocking hexagonal close packed structures. The gallium and nitrogen atoms bond into a tetrahedral structure, which would be inherently nonpolar, however, this isn't the case for the bulk structure, which exhibits a spontaneous polarisation along the {0001} growth axis.

The only reason I've found is that it is due to the 'intrinsic asymmetry of the bonding in the equilibrium wurtzite crystal structure', but can anyone explain what this actually means?

submitted by /u/SeGleave
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[Biology] Will my children turn out any differently depending on how "in-shape" I happen to be at the time of conception?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 08:59 PM PDT

Depending on my level of physical conditioning at the time of intercourse, could it alter the genes I pass on to my children?

Basically, if I were to get into top physical shape before I start trying to have kids, would my children turn out any differently than if I were overweight or generally out of shape.

submitted by /u/SergeantR
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What causes lens flares, and why don't we get them with our eyes?

Posted: 24 Aug 2017 07:16 AM PDT

Also, when driving at night, I get a kind of lens flare when looking at street lights through the windshield. Is that the same concept at play?

submitted by /u/PitaJ
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Do different screen colours drain different amounts of battery?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 09:43 PM PDT

So... For example, let's say I got a white background on my phone... Will my battery last longer than it would if I got a black one? My theory is that, as white is made by adding up all colours, while black's basically no colour at all, I'd have to power more polarisation filters for black. However this could be the other way round, maybe black is produced by less input all together. This question isn't just about LCD Displays, maybe there are big differences, depending on the display type.

submitted by /u/Orovo
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Will dry ice set off a household smoke detector when it sublimates?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 06:09 PM PDT

If I add a few chips of dry ice to a bowl of hot water in order to make fog, can it activate the smoke detector? Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Kill_Pencilvester
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Since supernovae explode and spread the matter out, how can there be matter at the center that gets compressed into a white dwarf, neutron star, or a black hole?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 08:06 PM PDT

In the many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics, how many worlds are there? (a) finite (b) countably infinite (c) uncountably infinite (d) all of a, b, or c lead to a contradiction?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 09:58 PM PDT

For reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation

https://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/manyworlds/pdf/dissertation.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_wavefunction

It appears there is an answer here (101016):

https://phys.org/news/2009-10-physicists-parallel-universes.html

... so that seems to be answer (a). Does anyone disagree or want to clarify? Does (a) imply a contradiction that isn't mentioned in that article?

submitted by /u/fbriggs
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