Pages

Wednesday, August 23, 2017

Why are clouds all fluffy on top but flat on the bottom?

Why are clouds all fluffy on top but flat on the bottom?


Why are clouds all fluffy on top but flat on the bottom?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 03:24 PM PDT

How many of the 118 elements on the periodic table are located on our planet and how many do we suspect exist outside of our world?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 02:53 PM PDT

I'm just curious, do we suspect there could be thousands/millions of unidentified elements within our universe or are we confident that we've identified most of them?

Also, we are constantly searching the universe for potentially inhabitable planets (i.e., oxygen, h2o rich). Do we know if there are elements similar to these which could allow for human consumption? In other words, what are the odds of an unidentified element that humans could breath that is different than oxygen or drink other than water?

Edit: words and rephrasing

submitted by /u/v0xmach1ne
[link] [comments]

What is the probability of the number 3 being the middle square of a sudoku puzzle?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 04:59 AM PDT

I've been debating with my SO's father as I thought it would just be 1/9. However, he is adamant that this is not the case and claims his maths teacher friend agreed with him but couldn't give an exact figure. He claims that because the numbers in the surrounding squares influence it it's not simply one in nine, but I'm having trouble seeing it.

submitted by /u/Coza_1812
[link] [comments]

When a nuclear bomb goes off underwater. Does it create a giant air bubble?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 08:26 PM PDT

If so how large is it? And how long does it last?

submitted by /u/MaxNickwell
[link] [comments]

As we gain weight, do we store more blood?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 02:16 PM PDT

Why does air conditioning start to smell when the compressor turns off but the fan keeps running?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 06:54 AM PDT

How can the constituents of carbon-12 add up to more than 12 u?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 06:21 AM PDT

The unified atomic mass unit (u) is defined as a twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. According to Wikipedia and other sources, a proton is about 1.007 u and a neutron about 1.009 u. That means carbon-12 should be about 12.10 u, even though by definition it is exactly 12 u. Using more significant figures or accounting for the electrons doesn't change the fact that the result is more massive than 12 u. What gives? Shouldn't a proton, a neutron and an electron together add up to exactly 2 u?

submitted by /u/donri
[link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

How do antibiotics work?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 02:00 AM PDT

Around what voltage is needed for you to actually feel yourself being shocked?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 08:10 PM PDT

Since most electrical devices operate at a frequency of 50 Hz from an AC supply (from what I understand, the current is “switched on” and “switched off” 50 times a second), why do we not see electrical appliances switching on and off 50 times a second?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 07:26 AM PDT

Why do a punch and a slap sound different?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 07:15 AM PDT

Obviously they're different actions and disturb the surrounding air in different ways, but what about the fist vs open hand makes the sound a low thud vs a high pitched smack?

submitted by /u/hippocamper
[link] [comments]

Does cold exist? Or is cold something we just label as the absence of heat?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 02:58 AM PDT

What is the difference between normal space time and Euclidean space time?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 08:24 PM PDT

From what I understand, normal space time is flat and Euclidean space time sounds like a sphere

submitted by /u/DiaperDaddy69
[link] [comments]

Why do electrons carry energy (like, in a wire)?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 08:51 PM PDT

I was thinking about how the would be a shortage of copper if all people had equal access to electricity. And it followed that silver is better for moving electrons than copper, but more rare and thus more expensive. Then I thought about glass, which is used for fiber optics---sending photons very fast through a wire---and I thought, why can glass moving photons NOT carry usable energy but electrons moving through a copper wire can? What makes an electron carry that energy that can be used in our appliances?

submitted by /u/reddit01010101010101
[link] [comments]

Do vaccine immunities get passed down to your children?

Posted: 23 Aug 2017 03:29 AM PDT

I know in the past different colonies have had different immunities which would suggest they were passed down through genes. Although I've never heard anything about not vaccinating your kid because you were vaccinated.

submitted by /u/Sir_Coffe
[link] [comments]

How long does it take for us to complete replace all the water in our body?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 01:40 PM PDT

Since we lose water constantly by for example breathing or sweating i was wondering how long does it take for us to completely replace the water in our bodies?

submitted by /u/Niclazzhi
[link] [comments]

What exactly is bitcoin mining? Why is it worth anything to anyone - why would anyone accept it as payment?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 12:13 PM PDT

I read that mining is "racing" to solving an algorithm, resulting in one bitcoin. What I don't know is what algorithm is it solving?

submitted by /u/nice_usermeme
[link] [comments]

Can Radiation (Nuclear or Otherwise) melt skin?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 11:01 PM PDT

I'm writing a story that's post apocalyptic and I want to be as realistic as possible, so I want to know that, if one were to survive radiation of some sort, would the radiation itself cause your skin to melt, or would it just be the intense heat?

submitted by /u/DarkSkinnedPrince
[link] [comments]

Is UV light reflected by a mirror - or is it absorb into the actual glass?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 12:44 PM PDT

After the PSA everyone recieved that starring into a UV light source may not be the greatest idea, I wondered if sunlight could transfer damaging UV rays when refelected e.g Sun reflection from a mirror.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/SilverQuick08
[link] [comments]

What happens to a text sent to a phone that doesn't have texting capabilities?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 01:06 PM PDT

Like a landline. Does it sit waiting somewhere to be delivered? Or does something somewhere detect that it can't be delivered and deletes it?

submitted by /u/greree
[link] [comments]

If someone can't feel pain, do they technically have endless physical endurance?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 09:18 PM PDT

Isn't the build up of lactic acid the only factor/pain preventing humans from performing gruelling exercises for prolonged periods of time?

submitted by /u/Stock_Fanatic
[link] [comments]

how do stylus pens with buttons (bamboo-wacom) never run out of battery?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 02:52 PM PDT

I can't get an answer any were so I thought Reddit could help

submitted by /u/Hell_kell
[link] [comments]

Tuesday, August 22, 2017

Is an X-ray essentially a camera that operates on a higher frequency of light?

Is an X-ray essentially a camera that operates on a higher frequency of light?


Is an X-ray essentially a camera that operates on a higher frequency of light?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 03:11 AM PDT

Is an X-ray (the machine) essentially a camera that operates on a higher frequency of light? If so, could we hypothetically make a Gamma ray camera? an AM/FM camera?

submitted by /u/nattack
[link] [comments]

Is all stainless steel manufactured in an electric arc furnace?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 11:38 PM PDT

Do they ever use alternative processes to make stainless steel or is this particular type of steel always manufactured in an electric arc furnace?

submitted by /u/ygh552
[link] [comments]

How does taking potassium iodide help with radiation?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 09:39 PM PDT

Follow up question: whats the difference between iodide and iodine? Do they do different things or is the only difference in their composition

submitted by /u/lukes1230
[link] [comments]

Can Radiation kill someone instantly?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 05:20 PM PDT

Less assume, for arguments sake, that instantly here means 1 minute or less.

Also is there a correlation between the mass of an object and how much Radiation it can give out? A formula? does it change by type, like gamma, alpha, or neutron?

submitted by /u/141_1337
[link] [comments]

How does the rotation of an Earth-like planet affect its weather?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 07:22 AM PDT

I imagine that fast spinning planets would have very volatile weather and slow spinning planets have very strange weather at sunrise and sunset. Is this true? How does the planet's rotation affect the weather patterns?

Of course I'm assuming planets similar to earth that have atmosphere.

submitted by /u/photolouis
[link] [comments]

Why is solubility of gases inversely proportional to tempreature?

Posted: 22 Aug 2017 07:20 AM PDT

This question came when talking with some friends about saunas after a scuba trip. Why does gases get less soluble when the temperature increases? For normal reagents, it is directly proportional. Why is it different?

BTW, could you explain why solubility of normal stuff increases as temperature increases? If it is an equilibrium process, and dissolution mean the formation of intermolecular bonds (exothermic), wouldn't an increased temp discourage dissolution by le chatelier's principle?

submitted by /u/LatitudeSurfer
[link] [comments]

Where exactly would one look to find moths during the day and butterflies at night?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 06:09 PM PDT

Google has failed me hard on this one, saying only things like "they find a hiding place" which really doesnt tell me anything about the kind of hiding place one could find moths. For some reason I'm really curious where one would find them. Do they look for dark places to hide? If so how do they know when to venture out at night? Then I thought about Butterflies at night and my mind fell deeper into this question. Do butterflies hide in moths spots and move out when the moths return from the night at sunrise? I need to know :(

submitted by /u/Shabakanoid
[link] [comments]

How do felines know when they are fighting or just playing around?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 02:06 PM PDT

Felines normally play with their siblings or "friends" by scratching and biting, how do they know they are not in danger and how do they know they don't need to fight for their lives?

submitted by /u/iagooliveira
[link] [comments]

Are humans the only species that can get a tan?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 01:32 PM PDT

What exactly causes wind/air flow and how does it work?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 08:14 PM PDT

Is there a difference in nutrition between a cheese sandwich (bread, butter, cheese) and a grilled cheese sandwich (bread, butter, cheese + heat)? Is one more healthful than the other? Does cooking it affect things the same way it does certain vegetables etc?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 01:20 PM PDT

Why is Plutonium considered to be so dangerous?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 06:55 PM PDT

It has a very long half life so it's not throwing out a lot of radiation, yet it is still considered to be bad.

submitted by /u/General_Landry
[link] [comments]

What causes neutron degeneracy to break down when a neutron star becomes a black hole?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 09:33 AM PDT

From what I've read about how degeneracy works, it's not something that can 'fail', as such: it's absolutely forbidden for particles to share a quantum state, so they resist compression past the point where they would have to. When electron degeneracy 'fails' at the Chandrasekhar limit, that's not the electron degeneracy itself failing-- it's that it becomes energetically favourable for the protons and electrons to react to form neutrons. So what happens at the upper limits of pressure for a neutron star, when it becomes unable to resist gravitational collapse? Do the neutrons react into something else, do they just get dense enough that an event horizon forms, or do they somehow start violating degeneracy?

submitted by /u/ConcernedInScythe
[link] [comments]

How much heat does the reflected sunlight off the moon give Earth?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 09:46 PM PDT

What makes a material better or worse heat conductor on a molecular level?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 07:31 PM PDT

I imagine there are a multitude of reasons for a material to be better at conducting heat then another, but I was wondering if there was a more "fundamental" characteristic of a material that could justify it all other factores ignored.

submitted by /u/lokedan
[link] [comments]

Why are there so many craters on the moon but not on earth?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 08:16 PM PDT

Why are humans more susceptible to allergies than animals?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 02:13 PM PDT

I meet people all of the time who have allergies to different types of food and animals. But I rarely hear of animals being allergic to certain foods or humans/other animals. Why is this?

submitted by /u/BenjiManCan
[link] [comments]

Is there a solution to the three body problem?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 12:22 PM PDT

Monday, August 21, 2017

Will we ever know if Pi is a "normal" or "non-normal" irrational number? Is it within the realm of possibility that we will ever find out?

Will we ever know if Pi is a "normal" or "non-normal" irrational number? Is it within the realm of possibility that we will ever find out?


Will we ever know if Pi is a "normal" or "non-normal" irrational number? Is it within the realm of possibility that we will ever find out?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 02:02 PM PDT

According to what I've heard, a "normal" irrational number is one whose digits contain every conceivable combination of numbers (including, for example, the social security numbers of everyone who has ever had an SSID in alphabetical order), while a "non-normal" irrational number is one whose digits are infinite but do not contain every possible combination of numbers.

So I guess I have two questions:

1) Will we ever know which of these categories Pi falls under

and

2) How is it possible to have an infinite number of non-repeating numbers without any patterns that doesn't eventually run through every possible numeral combination?

Edit: thank you for all the awesome answers! I now totally understand question #2 and would like to propose another question for anyone who sees this after this edit:

What is an example of a normal irrational number and how can we prove that a number is normal? (Is a normal number defined as any irrational number that contains all the digits of its respective base an infinite number of times...or...?)

submitted by /u/starbounder333
[link] [comments]

If Mars at some point had oceans that were filled with life similar to our own, would there still be oil there despite the harsh Marian conditions and what we know about the planet?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 05:51 AM PDT

The liver breaks down alcohol, but what does it break it down into?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 04:09 PM PDT

Basically the title

submitted by /u/GeorgieWashington
[link] [comments]

Are there any noticeable differences in the behavior of pets raised in different cultures?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 08:21 PM PDT

Why do most of the tall structures have a needle type thing on top of them?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 07:15 PM PDT

Like in this picture - https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5gYDDbu6LmQOXVMZEdDa21LZ0k/view?usp=drivesdk I am new to reddit, I didn't know where to ask, but hope you guys understand me.

submitted by /u/malivp3494
[link] [comments]

Why are lightning bolts blue?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 03:43 PM PDT

Please clear things up for me about the Great Barrier Reef. How much is gone, how much is bleached, can it be saved, what are the long term effects?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 05:50 AM PDT

Why do eyeglasses "work" even when held at arm's length?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 04:45 PM PDT

My understanding is that myopia makes images focus in front of the retina. Let's say that in my case it's 1cm. If I pulled my glasses forward 1cm, shouldn't it be the same as having uncorrected vision? Instead, I can see things clearly (even if a little distorted) if I look through eyeglasses even if I hold them a metre away from my eyes. How does that work?

submitted by /u/awh
[link] [comments]

If a planet is a gas giant, where does the sky start and the body of the planet begin? Is the entire planet just sky?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 06:58 AM PDT

Is it possible for meteoroids carrying microorganisms from Earth to travel to another planet, such as Mars, and seed life onto them?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 12:01 AM PDT

And if possible, how likely is a situation like this to occur successfully?

submitted by /u/Atomo500
[link] [comments]

When a meteor impacts the moon, does the Earth feel any consequences?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 08:24 PM PDT

I understand that very small meteors impact the moon somewhat frequently, but as indicated by the surface of the moon, much larger meteorites have struck it as well.

Assuming a reasonably sized meteor, at what point does a meteor destined to strike the moon pose a risk to Earth? And as a follow up, in what way(s)?

submitted by /u/Scuzzboots
[link] [comments]

Are there different "invisible" inks that can only be seen from different UV wavelengths?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 12:11 PM PDT

For example, could you have one of those hidden message pens sold in stores that couldn't be viewed by another different pen because it uses a different wavelength of light? Or are all the inks visible from any UV light?

And aside from theoretical, is this already a thing?

submitted by /u/Kymysto
[link] [comments]

Would a jar that had an absolute vacuum float or sink in water or air?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 11:23 PM PDT

How to visualise unpolarised light?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 02:15 AM PDT

I initially thought that unpolarised light was just a single pair of electric and magnetic field waves changing rotations really quickly, giving it the effect of having "random" rotations.

Secondly, I thought of quantum effects being present, where the wave position and rotation would be in superposition until it was observed. But this doesn't make sense, as this would mean you could polarise light just by looking at it. (or the wave function collapses into a point photon, which has no polarisability)

I've read on several websites that unpolarised light is basically both the electric and magnetic fields of light, oscillating in random directions and at different phase differences.

So does it seem that the unpolarised light following the direction of the wave could be visualised as a cylinder? The radius of it being the amplitude of the waves, to be clear. In addition, the "volume" of this cylinder consists of fluctuations in both the electric and magnetic field.

submitted by /u/LECAGO
[link] [comments]

Why is the lather of a soap always white, no matter it’s original colour?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 11:35 AM PDT

Why is Pluto's argument of periapsis 113°?

Posted: 21 Aug 2017 04:52 AM PDT

Looking up the argument, it is quoted as 113.834° (Wikipedia).

This implies that Pluto is closest to the Sun when it is 113° from the first point of Aries, i.e. when it is in roughly the 24th point of Cancer.

However, Pluto was last at perihelion in 1989, when it was in mid-Scorpio. I would have expected its argument of perihelion to be more like 225° based on this knowledge...

Why doesn't the argument of perihelion point to the correct location?

NB: this is not an issue of axial precession and the drift of the constellations with respect to the tropical Zodiac co-ordinate system, that shift is less than 30°, and does not explain this large offset.

submitted by /u/SolFreer
[link] [comments]

How are there different forms of ice and how do they work?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 09:01 PM PDT

I've read that there can be all different types of ice. That don't necessarily have to be cold. Mainly on other planets and stuff, but how is this possible and how does this work? How can it have more than one solid form? Is "hot ice" a thing just held together by pressure and not temperature at all?

submitted by /u/a-blessed-soul
[link] [comments]

Do people with artificial hearts burn less energy?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 01:09 PM PDT

edit: After doing some research it seems artificial heart tech is far less portable than i had thought

submitted by /u/strategosInfinitum
[link] [comments]

When did different eye colors emerge in humans, and do we know anything about ancient ancestral eye color?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 10:49 AM PDT

Why does the USS Indianapolis seem to be in much better condition than the Titanic when it was first found, when the amount of time between the sinking and discovery of each ship was about the same?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 12:18 PM PDT

The rate of obesity has increased worldwide in recent years. What effect does genetics have on obesity, and are there any specific genes that have a larger impact than others in determining risk of obesity?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 04:01 PM PDT

If the color white reflects all light and mirrors reflect all light, why don't they look the same?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 01:37 PM PDT

How are flu vaccines made every year before flu season?

Posted: 20 Aug 2017 06:35 PM PDT

AFAIK, the flu changes and adapts every year requiring us to get the shots every year but how are they made before the new flu strain is even out?

submitted by /u/DangerousViews
[link] [comments]