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Sunday, August 13, 2017

When they announce discovery of a new breed of bird or fish or whatever, are they always meaning "Never before discovered" or does it sometimes mean a new crossbread from previous breeds/types?

When they announce discovery of a new breed of bird or fish or whatever, are they always meaning "Never before discovered" or does it sometimes mean a new crossbread from previous breeds/types?


When they announce discovery of a new breed of bird or fish or whatever, are they always meaning "Never before discovered" or does it sometimes mean a new crossbread from previous breeds/types?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 08:14 PM PDT

Theoretical physics- What if there was no speed limit like the speed of light?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 10:00 PM PDT

I think that this may be a silly question, but what would happen in a universe where there was no speed limit? I understand that speed affects time dilation, etc., but what else would we lose?

submitted by /u/Cay_Mang
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How can white noise and the Dirac distribution have the same Fourier transform?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 03:15 AM PDT

I have learned in school (and confirmed with a quick Google search) that the Fourier transform of both white noise and the Dirac distribution to be the constant function F(f)=1

However, I am under the impression that the Fourier transform is a bijection, although I have never seen a proof of that claim (but I suppose we would take a lot more precautions before applying the inverse Fourier transform if it weren't bijective).

Where's the catch ?

submitted by /u/Gaazoh
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Why Do Particles Have More Energy When Apart?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 03:15 AM PDT

I got some notes from my teacher on binding energy which states that 'Particles have more energy apart, and therefore more mass'. So, do any of you guys know why particles have more energy when apart and how this results in those particles having more mass? Thanks.

submitted by /u/Eriod
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Why does hawking radiation cause black holes to evaporate?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 07:14 AM PDT

My basic understanding of Hawking Radiation is that a particle-antiparticle pair will occasionally come into existence close to the event horizon. While in normal circumstances they would quickly annihilate each other, when near the event horizon it is possible for the anti-particle to be amalgamated into the black hole, and the particle to be emitted.

Is it not equally as likely that the particle would be amalgamated, and the anti-particle emitted, leading to a no net loss/gain of particles or anti-particles?

submitted by /u/alsiola
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Does the ice sheet of Antarctica have a "bottle cap effect" on the recently discovered volcanoes underneath?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 04:35 AM PDT

I've already read discussions that the 91 volcanoes beneath the antarctic ice sheet might speed up global warming and rising sea levels should any of them erupt. But I'm wondering if the opposite might be true as well. For instance, a one trillion metric tons heavy iceberg drifted from the Larsen ice shelf in july. Could such decreased pressure from the arctic ice trigger volcanic eruptions in the near future?

submitted by /u/Wickywire
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Has the evolution of mammals and of the human race been a steady progression of increasing body size, or were there periods when our ancestral lineage underwent significant decreases in body size?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 08:06 PM PDT

Can the possibility be ruled out that we have direct ancestors which were larger than human beings? I cannot think of a particular epoch in which this could have occurred. There could perhaps have been a large synapsid in our lineage, or perhaps there was a very large fish.

submitted by /u/omfalos
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Products, such as glue, that are purple but disappear/turn clear--how do they work?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 01:44 PM PDT

I've seen several products, including glue, sunscreen, and fabric marking pens, that start out purple, but become invisible as the product dries, is rubbed in, or after some period of time.

How does this disappearing purple effect work? Do all these products use the same compounds or mechanism to produce this effect? Why is it purple and not some other color? Can someone explain this at a layman level?

submitted by /u/Back_Paragraphs
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What is a Vector? What is a Tensor? And how are these two things used in AI and processor design?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 09:27 PM PDT

I don't have a math background which makes understanding the concepts of Vectors and Tensors difficult. However I have a strong interest in tech and that makes me curious as to why Nvidia's newest Tesla compute card has tensor math processor cores included, quite a lot of them. There are also several other companies working on processors specific to calculating tensor math, all for use in AI research. That leads to a lot of questions.

What exactly is a Vector? The definition is "an object with Direction and Magnitude". Direction is fairly obvious, but how does Magnitude relate to reality?

What exactly is a Tensor? I've seen several definitions, including "an object that linearly transforms one Vector into another" and "an object with two Directions and a Magnitude".

And finally, how does Tensor math relate to AI research and things like self-driving cars?

A note: This should probably have multiple flairs, but I don't think that's possible.

submitted by /u/DJSpacedude
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What changes in the brain causes different people to have varying working memory capacities?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 06:11 AM PDT

What I mean by working memory here is when you are doing a mental calculation you keep the numbers involved in memory briefly until the calculation is complete.

I read this article in the guardian - Tracy Packiam Alloway: working memory is a better test of ability than IQ.

The article suggest that a person's working memory capacity is considered mostly innate. So, some people are able to hold more pieces of data in their mind at the same time.

What I am interested to know is what changes in the brain/nervous system (if there are any) that account for this difference. (eg- is a specific region of the brain larger? or

submitted by /u/enzio901
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Is it possible to replace femur with something artificial?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:48 AM PDT

Can scaring someone actually cause a cardiac arrest? And if so how does it work on a electrical conduction level in the heart?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:31 AM PDT

So i know people say "heart attack" when they actually mean a cardiac arrest, but is it actually possible to get one from a jumpscare or is that just a myth because people faint? Or does the brain actually sort of override/inhibit the electrical conduction nodes in the heart?

submitted by /u/wouldlovetoknowitall
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If heat rises, why are higher altitudes so cold?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 03:35 PM PDT

Why is my facial hair a different texture than my head hair?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 05:47 AM PDT

What do we gain by making microchips smaller and smaller over time ?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 05:16 PM PDT

They say that every two years microchips and other computer parts get smaller, but shrinking said parts brings up problems that need to be fixed, but what I struggle to understand is why we bother going to such troubles and such lengths to shrink our computer parts in the first place. Wouldn't it make more sense to still research how to concentrate more computing power in a smaller area, but still keep our computer components he same size?

submitted by /u/Madmax05072
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Do gas giants have a solid core?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 12:39 PM PDT

It would make sense that the gravity holding all the gas together would be emanating from something.

submitted by /u/NukaSwillingPrick
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What is happening, on a cellular level, when we stretch?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 03:03 PM PDT

Why is there an nth root symbol when you can just write it as an exponent?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 08:54 PM PDT

In regard to scientific research, what is a treatment?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:30 AM PDT

Why don't Tesla cars break traction despite accelerating so much more quickly than combustion engine cars?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:30 AM PDT

In a wood fire, what is hotter and why, the glowing embers or the open flame?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:23 AM PDT

Extra question. What is the difference between open flame and combustion in embers like charcoal after the flame dies down or a cigarette?

submitted by /u/GardenOctopus
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If lightning struck the ocean, how far away would you have to be to not get electrocuted?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 01:28 PM PDT

What keeps food from ‘going down the wrong pipe’ and doesn’t when said event occurs?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 01:55 AM PDT

Saturday, August 12, 2017

Why does it take multiple years to develop smaller transistors for CPUs and GPUs? Why can't a company just immediately start making 5 nm transistors?

Why does it take multiple years to develop smaller transistors for CPUs and GPUs? Why can't a company just immediately start making 5 nm transistors?


Why does it take multiple years to develop smaller transistors for CPUs and GPUs? Why can't a company just immediately start making 5 nm transistors?

Posted: 12 Aug 2017 01:08 AM PDT

Probiotics are "good" bacteria sold in pharmacies, to be taken alongside antibiotics to protect your intestinal microbiome. How are they manufactured? How can a powder contain live bacteria? How do they survive without food in a paper envelope for years?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 03:19 PM PDT

Probiotics are live bacteria to be taken alongside antibiotics to protect your intestinal microbiome, as antibiotics often indiscriminately kill both "good" and "bad" bacteria.

They are typically sold as a powder you're supposed to dissolve in water and then swallow.

  • How are they manufactured? How can you turn bacteria into a powder (without killing them)?
  • They typically have an expiration date of 3 to 5 years in the future. How can the bacteria survive all this time without any food?
  • How come they don't reproduce until they're eaten by us?
  • I can only assume they are somehow "frozen" (biologically inactive) until eaten. If that's the case, how does that work and how can they eventually "come back to life"?
submitted by /u/RainbowDoc
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Why can't we harvest energy from lightning?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 07:59 PM PDT

What causes aftertastes? Why don't all tastes occur immediately?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 06:56 PM PDT

How big is the chance that you drunk the same water molecule twice?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 08:10 PM PDT

Is the radius of our Observable Universe an absolute distance, or does it stretch proportionally according to the inflation of the Universe as a whole?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 07:31 PM PDT

Why is autism more common in boys than girls?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 06:39 PM PDT

I've read that autism is 4x more common in men than women. Is this a fairly concrete fact, and if so, do scientists have any intuition why this is the case?

submitted by /u/darkostwin
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Why is rabies incurable once symptoms appear?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 01:55 PM PDT

Would it be possible to project and therefore understand better the geometry of a 4-dimensional object with a 3-dimensional display?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 04:15 PM PDT

It is (obviously) possible to depict a 3-dimensional object on a 2-dimensional screen so using this same principle wouldn't it also be possible to depict a 4-dimensional figure on a display that uses 3-dimensions?

submitted by /u/Deadshot_0826
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Why do the batteries in, say, an RC car only last a few hours, but it feels like the batteries in my TV remote have been in there for a lifetime?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 12:22 PM PDT

Why do tornadoes almost always rotate cyclonically when the coriolis effect should be negligible for something that small and fast?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 12:03 PM PDT

Does the same food have the same amount of calories as it is cold when it's hot?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 01:54 PM PDT

Ex. Does a frozen pizza have the same amount of calories before it goes into the oven as it does after?

submitted by /u/ifailinstyle29
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Why are we not able to feel the earth moving around the sun?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 01:03 PM PDT

What is the difference between a conventional weapon's recoil compared to a railgun?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 01:27 PM PDT

By conventional weapons I mean things like guns using bullets or shells, using a chemical propellant.
I know that the propellant explodes which causes an expansion of hot gas which pushes the projectile out the end of the barrel with the same amount of force as the weapon recoils (by Newton's Third Law).
But what about railguns that use electromagnetic induction instead? Since there is no explosion, does that mean there is no recoil? Does Faraday's and Lenz's Laws apply at all?

submitted by /u/lordplane
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Does color affect non visible light?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 11:04 AM PDT

So I know that when we see color, it is the result of light striking that object and being reflected at a specific frequency. But does an object color also affect other forms of light besides visible? For example, would shooting a gamma ray at something orange differ the resulting wavelength from shooting it at something purple?

submitted by /u/at_chan
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During a dream or nightmare, do our bodies have the same physiological responses to emotions that we do when we're awake?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 08:38 AM PDT

Friday, August 11, 2017

From the point of view of evolution, is there a particular advantage or disadvantage to having one eye color over the other?

From the point of view of evolution, is there a particular advantage or disadvantage to having one eye color over the other?


From the point of view of evolution, is there a particular advantage or disadvantage to having one eye color over the other?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 11:46 PM PDT

We have evolved to have skin colors based on the environment that our ancestors lived in, for example, greater sun exposure in the tropical latitudes meant it was advantageous to have a darker skin. Is there a similar story with eye colors?

submitted by /u/elni
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Does an insect, like a fly or a mosquito, have itches?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 11:03 PM PDT

Do all salts taste like table salt?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 06:27 AM PDT

How can our brain distinguish the sound of a single note vs. a chord?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 09:37 PM PDT

I wondered this when I was listening to piano chords on my computer. My headphones produced a singular sound, yet I knew it was a chord compared to when only a single note is played. How can we tell the difference if they are both just single sounds?

submitted by /u/janidorr
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Is there any combination of distance, mass, and volume of two planetary bodies where one of them can look like this from the surface of the other?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 10:11 PM PDT

Image in question, all credit to the original artist

submitted by /u/IG_BansheeAirsoft
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If Earth were the same mass but half as dense, would we weigh the same?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 10:31 PM PDT

Curious if the increased volume would put us further from the center of mass making gravity less strong at the surface, or if that wouldn't be a factor.

submitted by /u/ubernatural
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Graph Theory: In a directed graph, how can I find all components of all loops? (head, body, tail)

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 03:55 AM PDT

I hope I dont break any rules here, because /r/reverseengineering doesnt like questions, so I try here again. Essentially I have graphs like this and want to indentify all loops (jackson's algorithm) and then find their parts, header = loop start, body = all nodes inside loop, tail = loop conditional node, which does the iteration check. has anyone some good resources or approach on how to solve this? thanks in advance for your time

submitted by /u/WarrantyVoider
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Is there much inbreeding in the wider animal kingdom? If so, are there major genetic problems that arise? If not, how is inbreeding avoided?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 04:55 PM PDT

How do we quantify wind speeds on gas giant planets?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 05:29 PM PDT

I recently read that Saturn has wind speeds up to 500m/s. On Earth we measure wind speeds relative to the solid ground, but since gas giants have no solid ground how do we distinguish the speed of their winds from the rotation of the planet itself?

submitted by /u/hamar123
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Is it possible to create black holes in a ring instead of a spherical object?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 07:30 PM PDT

What is the formula for conversion between Celsius and Fahrenheit, how did scientists manage to find this formula initially, and why were only these two units of temperature embraced by science and not any other units that existed in that time?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 05:31 AM PDT

Why do radioactive atoms have a half-life where only 1/2 of them decay at a time? Why don't they all decay at about the exact same time?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 05:18 PM PDT

Why is the order of attaching electrical leads when jump starting a car significant? As well, why put the disabled cars negative lead to a ground and not to the negative terminal?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 05:00 AM PDT

Why does ice in my glass crack after pouring water into it?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 11:40 PM PDT

What standard are diseases compared to to determine their rarity?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 10:07 PM PDT

You're in orbit around the Earth in a spaceship. You point the pointy end of your spaceship exactly at the center of the earth and fire your engines for 10 sec. What happens to your orbit?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 07:26 PM PDT

I understand the basics of orbits (falling around the earth and all), but I've been pondering this for a while now. Assume a circular orbit, never mind the atmosphere. Your control system is nimble and keeps your rocket always pointed at the center of (mass of) the earth.

My (wrong?) thinking is that since your thrust is perpendicular to your direction of motion, your orbital velocity does not change. Physics says your orbital altitude depends on your orbital velocity.

So, when you have your burn, do you dip towards the earth and then...pop back up to the same orbital altitude?

submitted by /u/Might-I-Inquire
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Why do cows have four stomachs and what does each stomach do?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 04:34 PM PDT

Where is all the nuclear contamination from the atmospheric nuclear tests decades ago?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 04:08 PM PDT

According to the CTBT, the United States has conducted 219 atmospheric nuclear tests. Did this not cause worry once we knew radiation travels? Are these regions still contaminated? Do we avoid them altogether in flight/sea travel?

submitted by /u/athausmann
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Why did scientists like Slotin and Daghlian do their criticality experiments manually?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 05:51 PM PDT

I was reading about the demon core, and I was wondering why the two scientists involved ever attempted to do their experiments manually? Maybe I'm just being a wimp, but I would think of anyone on the planet, Slotin and Daghlian would know best how dangerous that was. I understand that a remote system for doing these experiments was built after the second incident. Is there a reason this wasn't developed and used earlier?

submitted by /u/MadDoctor5813
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Why is the dihedral angle 180° and 0° instead of 90° in molecules with sp2-Carbons?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 04:40 AM PDT

Shouldn't molecules like ethylene also be in a staggered conformation?

submitted by /u/hamar-tolos
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Can two stars in a binary system orbit each other so closely that they will heat each others' surfaces and change their spectral type?

Posted: 10 Aug 2017 11:41 AM PDT

When a battery loses its energy as it sits in the drawer, where does that energy go?

Posted: 11 Aug 2017 04:20 AM PDT