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Tuesday, August 8, 2017

AskScience Panel of Scientists XVII

AskScience Panel of Scientists XVII


AskScience Panel of Scientists XVII

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 01:16 PM PDT

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!


You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.


Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.


Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why is your mouth much more sensitive to cold water after brushing your teeth or chewing mint gum?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 08:03 PM PDT

Why are there little holes in the metal prongs of power adapters?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 03:38 PM PDT

Why are their lines radiating out from the craters on the moon?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 08:10 PM PDT

I saw this post in /r/oddlysatisfying
https://i.imgur.com/z1XmzMH.gifv
I noted that many of the craters had lines radiating outwards.
What causes them on the moon? Why are they lines rather than a 'fading grey of concentric circles'?
edit: I mis-spelled their/there in the title. Sincerest apologies!

submitted by /u/aiydee
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How do we know what dinosaurs did with their bodies?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 06:33 PM PDT

Since the dinosaur era, all organic material has decomposed. That being said, how do scientists know that the Dilophosaur had a pouch for spitting poison into enemies eyes? The material that made up the pouch and poison decomposed long ago. (That was only one example)

submitted by /u/Riftus
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How do you actually measure the mass of a mountain?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 05:52 AM PDT

How do you know the volume? Density? What area is considered to be part of the mountain?

I've seen the mass of Mt. Everest mentioned as a comparison to other things in several videos, articles and such and I always wondered how this number comes about.

submitted by /u/ipicco
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How long do I have to keep a calendar until I can reuse it again?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 04:46 AM PDT

I have a 2016 Taylor Swift calendar that is still hanging on my wall, it just occurred to me that if I leave it up long enough then eventually I'll be able to use it again.

I love math, but I'm not fluent in date calculations. (base 7? base 365?) I'm very curious about patterns. I'd love to hear more about the how and why of this question. (don't forget about leap years!)

submitted by /u/Skuzee
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Is it actually possible to see the curvature of the earth while standing on its surface?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 04:51 AM PDT

I hear many people say at various times that some area is so flat they can see the earth's curvature. Isn't the earth too big for that? Wouldn't any "curvature" observed just be a localized landscape that doesn't actually represent the earths profile?

submitted by /u/savagesiege
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Are there any equations to calculate the amount of force in the strong and weak force?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 06:45 AM PDT

How is biometric authentication not practically the same as using the same password for everything?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 06:16 AM PDT

Sure it is a good password so it can't practically be guessed, but in the event of a database leak with all our fingerprints they are no longer secure and can no longer be used, ever really.

submitted by /u/Flex-Ible
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How do battery life indicators work?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 05:14 PM PDT

How can an electronic device measure the remaining amount of life in its batteries? Is there some fundamental difference in the process of the chemical reaction between a dead battery and a full one, or is the measurement based on something like the strength of the current?

submitted by /u/TechyMitch1
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What will the James Web telescope reveal about other planets?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 07:42 PM PDT

I understand it's a long distance telescope but I heard it's also going to be used to study other world's outside our solar system.

What kind of information are we talking about?

submitted by /u/Goldenbrownlung
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What are the relativistic effects in rockets?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 06:17 AM PDT

There are very heavy relativistic effects when approaching the speed of light, but are there any on rockets, more precisely, the fastest rocket?

submitted by /u/agaminon22
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Why do we stop being contagious after a certain number of days with a common cold?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 12:16 PM PDT

I've read that the rhinovirus takes 5 - 7 days for it to be non-contagious after symptoms first appear. If this is true, why? Has the immune system simply knocked the virus on the head? Why do we still have symptoms but stop being contagious?

submitted by /u/panelakpascal
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During the time that Pangea existed, were there other islands?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 03:39 PM PDT

I'm assuming that there weren't any large islands (Madagascar size), but were there any smaller islands? If there were, would they have had large life (small rodents, trees, etc)? Also, I'm not sure if I used the correct flair - please let me know if I should change it.

submitted by /u/hazzial
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Could an animal grow a propeller?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 11:16 PM PDT

Could a flying bug/animal grow a propeller for flight? Why haven't they already?

submitted by /u/Player-12
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How fast does electricity move?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 07:19 PM PDT

I just saw that gif of the people lined up, and the guy at the end touched the electric fence and it seemed as though they all were instantly zapped at the same time. If the line were a lot longer would it take more time?

submitted by /u/nedak42
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Is it possible to artificially increase the rate a black hole emits hawking radiation?

Posted: 08 Aug 2017 02:32 AM PDT

As far as I understand hawking radiation is the only way black holes emit energy, but big ones out in space emit almost none. If some future space civilization found a black hole out in space and wanted to extract energy from it, is there any posible way they could manipulate the conditions around or in the black hole as to cause it to emit more hawking radiation?

submitted by /u/snuffybox
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How much ancient biological matter did it take to make one gallon of gasoline?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 05:41 PM PDT

I assume that the process of matter becoming crude oil is not 100% energy efficient, and I also assume that the process of refining crude into gasoline isn't 100% efficient as well. So how much is lost in the process?

submitted by /u/N8CCRG
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[Math] Why is 1/x continous?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 07:32 PM PDT

According to everything I have, a function is continous in the point a if:

  • f(a) exists

  • lim x->a f(x) exists

  • f(a) = lim x->a f(x)

However, everywhere in the internet says that f(x)=1/x is a continous function when f(0) does not exists and lim x->0 f(x) does not exists either.

If the only reason of it being continous is that 0 is not in it's domain, then, would (for example) (x2 -4) /(x-2) be continous just because the only point where f(a) does not exists does not belongs to the domain? Is there then any non-continous function that is not piecewise defined?

Any not piecewise defined function I can think of is "not continous" only in the points that don't belong to the domain so then if I follow the "1/x is continous" thinking these functions are continous too.

Sorry for language, english is not my native language and maybe some terms differ a lot in between.

submitted by /u/smcarre
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How often does it rain on venus?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 05:42 PM PDT

I can't seem to find a solid answer for this anywhere - I'm specifically looking for how often it rains acid in the 'habitable zone' upper atmosphere of venus.

So far I've only been able to find that it is 'frequent'. Overall I've had very little luck finding much info at all on venus outside the basics - even nasa's page doesn't have much more on it than wikipedia.

submitted by /u/SirWeeble
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Is (some form of) Teleportation possible today?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 03:46 PM PDT

In the BBC4 documentary "Visions Of The Future (2007)-Part 3 - The Quantum Revolution" there are reference made regarding a form of teleportation. Is there scientific proof today of forms of teleportation possibilities today ?

submitted by /u/jadoredior
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Monday, August 7, 2017

Can i control the direction my wifi travels in? For e.g is there an object i can surround my router to bounce the rays in a specific direction. If so , will it even have an effect on my wifi signal strength?

Can i control the direction my wifi travels in? For e.g is there an object i can surround my router to bounce the rays in a specific direction. If so , will it even have an effect on my wifi signal strength?


Can i control the direction my wifi travels in? For e.g is there an object i can surround my router to bounce the rays in a specific direction. If so , will it even have an effect on my wifi signal strength?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 02:38 AM PDT

Why is Noether's theorem considered one of the most beautiful in physics?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 06:18 AM PDT

I believe I understand it and what it means -- every differential mode of symmetry must have an associated conservation law -- but I guess it fails to strike me in the same way it strikes others. Is this just a personal thing, or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/haha_mcat_xD_lol
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What is the brightest light on Earth?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 04:56 AM PDT

Hello reddit, I just saw another space post by someone on the ISS. Some areas on earth at night are obviously brighter than others due to being clusters of lights in cities. I now wonder, what light on Earth is the most noticeable from space. It's almost like looking for the North star, except on Earth.

submitted by /u/john777rox
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What happens if you are given the wrong blood type?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 08:57 PM PDT

How come imaginary fucntions can be used to describe real properties like refractive index and dielectric constants?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 05:23 AM PDT

I have an exam coming up about properties of materials and I have a hard time wrapping my head around the math of it. I hope some one here can make it click in my brain. Fourier transforms are pushing the limit but these real uses of imaginary numbers are too much. All help is appreciated.

submitted by /u/MrBomba
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What shape is the universe?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 05:14 PM PDT

I had a very strange thought come to my head today. The earth is round, correct? Well what if (not saying it is) the universe was round? I know that everyone says it's endless but if the universe was round in "shape" then that could mean it's in its own form of galaxy! Probably just sounds stupid, but I was blown away by the concept!

submitted by /u/TerdFergus99
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Why is our vision blurry when underwater?

Posted: 07 Aug 2017 04:59 AM PDT

How much mass earth gains from space dust?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 09:05 PM PDT

I don't remember where I've seem about this but I remembered after this post on TIL *https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/6rzrv7/til_20000_yearold_fossilized_human_footprints/

How much the earth's mass affects our running trough out the ages?

submitted by /u/MestreShaeke
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Does a pendulum stand still at its highest point, or is it always in constant motion?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 04:31 PM PDT

Does the recipient of a heart transplant inherit the resting heart rate of the donor?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 08:28 AM PDT

Do non-Western countries use Latin names for bones and other bodily structures or are language specific names most commonly used?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 01:00 PM PDT

Is it typical for non-Western countries to use Latin names for bones and other anatomical structures?

submitted by /u/mr_diggory
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Why do red eyes occur on photographs?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 06:23 PM PDT

Hopefully it's not a repost. Why are there red eyes - and only red eyes- on pictures. Why not red nose thrills? Do eyes reflect the light and if so how?

submitted by /u/Sc3m0r
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Does the refractive index of a medium change as pressure and/or density changes?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 07:35 PM PDT

Why/how do chickens keep their heads in the same position when their bodies are moved?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 06:39 PM PDT

Can a Neutron star and a black hole be in the same star system?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 11:00 AM PDT

I was always interested in astronomy, and ever since I heard of neutron stars they were interesting for me. And I always thought oft he coexistence of black holes and neutron stars.

submitted by /u/MyNamesJeff62
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If diamond is the hardest mineral, is it also the most stable to weathering process?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 07:15 PM PDT

Would moving your body (subtly and imperceptibly) back and forth at 99.99% the speed of light cause you to experience time any slower? Would you live longer than everyone else around you?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 09:52 AM PDT

And if so could there be any negative side effects? E.g. your body losing its shape and form and exploding?

submitted by /u/montanafirefighter
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Why does cheese become greasy when heated?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 09:07 PM PDT

What are the main reasons why we can't reach further than the moon?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 01:16 PM PDT

And how close are we to solving them?

submitted by /u/AnonCaptain002
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Why would the sun grow when it enters the red giant phase?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 01:13 PM PDT

I would expect that since there is no more hydrogen to prevent collapse from gravity, the star will shrink as it collapses to gravity, but instead, it grows. Why is this?

submitted by /u/wecl0me12
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Sunday, August 6, 2017

Why are oil stained napkins transparent?

Why are oil stained napkins transparent?


Why are oil stained napkins transparent?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 08:08 PM PDT

If you've ever held an oil stained napkin to a light, you can see through it! This isn't the case with wet, water logged napkins. What causes oil stained napkins to be transparent? Is this property exclusive to lipids?

submitted by /u/JustHaving_Fun
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Because of the curvature of the Earth, are nearby skyscrapers closer together at the base than they are at the top?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 05:47 PM PDT

Has there been an optimal design for a fan or fan blade created yet? If so, Why isn't it used in every application that requires a fan?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 08:05 AM PDT

Hi, The question originates from seeing various designs for fans in general with varying degrees of air flow per speed and efficiency. I was looking at computer fans, ceiling fans, car radiator fans, windmills, AC fans, and more.

I got to thinking that the design with the most air movement would find it's way as the defacto fan blade design standard and would be used in every application. Yet even in some applications as trivial as CPU/GPU coolers in computers we find fans with varying curvatures, angles, and gimmicks.

Am I wrong for thinking that the most optimal design would/could/should be used everywhere with the only difference being speed to control the airflow (CFM)?

Has it already been made and is it being held up by a patent somewhere?

Sorry in advance, This has just been my shower thought for a few weeks and I haven't found any sufficient Google answers for it.

submitted by /u/bintu
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Would brushing your teeth with Jack or any other high ABV booze actually work at all if you didnt have access to toothpaste or mouthwash?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 10:16 PM PDT

When a banana gets bruised, does the nutritional content of the bruised area change?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 07:47 AM PDT

Why do insects fly so erratically?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 07:44 PM PDT

I work outside and I can't help but notice how, at random intervals, insects will just come in and bounce off my face. Can't they control their flight a little better than that?

submitted by /u/Shockeye0
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What would the dicovery of the Graviton mean ?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 05:59 PM PDT

When and if the Graviton is ever discovered what would that prove ? and what would be its utility ?

submitted by /u/Nam-ra
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Why do objects become harder to break the smaller they get?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 11:29 PM PDT

Would it be possible to create the opposite of a microwave: something that rapidly makes a food item or drink colder?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 09:42 PM PDT

By what mechanism is a human being able to estimate the passing of time? What happens when this function is disrupted? Can you lose your sense of time passing?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 10:57 AM PDT

Dogs pant and humans sweat, so how do cats cope with the heat?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 05:43 PM PDT

Why the sound of thunder isnt continuous when we hear it but is somewhat "interrupted"?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 07:24 AM PDT

How does color blind glasses work?

Posted: 06 Aug 2017 07:17 AM PDT

How do pressure cookers work?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 05:59 PM PDT

I get that higher pressure raises the boiling point, but wouldn't that make it even harder to boil something or cook something? How does a high boiling point make cooking FASTER?

submitted by /u/markyhundreds
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If the universe is always expanding, then what does it look like at the edge of the universe?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 09:38 PM PDT

The moon is so big, its gravity effects our tides. Does it also effect the magma inside earth?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 02:56 PM PDT

Suppose entire solar systems lit up in the night sky instead of just the stars. How big would these appear in our night sky compared to the dots we see now?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 07:43 PM PDT

What is the initial cause for different accents in regions that speak the same language?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 08:04 PM PDT

Why did NASA use a skycrane to deliver Curiosity to Mars?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 04:49 PM PDT

How did NASA come to the conclusion that the skycrane was the best way to land a heavy rover on the Martian surface? What were some of the other strategies considered for the EDL (entry descent and landing) of Curiosity and why weren't those used instead?

submitted by /u/FlyingSpacefrog
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Does it take longer for a hot object to reach room temperature than a cool object?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 08:27 PM PDT

Assuming that both objects are starting at temperatures that are of equal magnitude from room temperature, which object would reach room temperature fastest and why?

submitted by /u/JustHaving_Fun
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Why does paper break when wet?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 05:19 PM PDT

Upon shopping today and getting caught in torrential rain causing the handle of my paper bag to give up, it begged the question; why does paper getting wet compromise the structural integrity?

submitted by /u/CalvinKong
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Why do 'fast' neutrons need to be moderated in a uranium reactor, but not in a fission bomb?

Posted: 05 Aug 2017 01:37 PM PDT

Nuclear reactors use a moderator to slow 'fast' neutrons down to the point where they are likely to be captured by a U235 nucleus. But when you slam two pieces of weapon-grade uranium together, it doesn't require a moderator to make them explode. The high-energy neutrons seem to be absorbed just fine. Why?

submitted by /u/mediacrawdad
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