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Thursday, July 20, 2017

How do women astronauts deal with periods in antigravity?

How do women astronauts deal with periods in antigravity?


How do women astronauts deal with periods in antigravity?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 09:50 AM PDT

Are there solid planets the size of Jupiter or the sun?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 01:59 AM PDT

Can a planet be the size of Jupiter or the sun while still being solid? By that I mean have a crust you could conceivably stand on. If a planet cannot be that large why not?

submitted by /u/xxSoul_Thiefxx
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If we terraform Moon/Mars, with almost no volcanic activity, wouldn't all the mountains eventually weather away due to erosion?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 08:06 AM PDT

Yellowstone Plateau is rising 0.6" per year. How do you detect and measure that rate of change?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 05:17 AM PDT

Data from Wikipedia, so I appreciate that the actual number may be different. But the question remains - how do scientists detect a minute change in height without using the average change over thousands of years.

For example, later the article says that a portion of the caldera moved 1.5" per year between 2004 and 2008. How can you tell?

submitted by /u/Daven2ude
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How is infrared radiation translated into vibrational energy in an atom?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 05:33 AM PDT

I thought radiation only affects electron shells. How does it physically make an atom vibrate? Does it somehow hit the nucleus and push it? Does the vibrational energy dissipate as more infrared? How much input infrared = how much output? If it's the same then there's no energy left to vibrate anything. If it's not the same then where's the extra energy go?

submitted by /u/Liber_Vive
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How do anacondas' stomachs shield themselves against the sharp claws of the prey they devour?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 04:44 PM PDT

Very few organisms swallow their prey as a whole leaving them no choice but to swallow all the sharp accompaniments too. I was wondering how the claws of the prey don't scratch the insides of anacondas and the like.

submitted by /u/sriharivignesh
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What actually causes cracking joints? Is there any real biological benefit?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 03:38 PM PDT

Why are cancer patients at a higher risk of developing blood clots?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 08:55 PM PDT

In light of the recent news about U.S. Senator John McCain's diagnosis of glioblastoma, and his recent surgery to remove a blood clot in one of his eyes, it made me wonder why, at a biochemical level, does cancer facilitate the formation of blood clots?

submitted by /u/footrell
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Is there a lagrange point at a binary system's center of mass?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 06:39 AM PDT

How does the experiment work where you put water on a plate, light a candle and put a glass over it? The water gets sucked into the glass, but the most common explanation is wrong.

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 08:42 PM PDT

("The candle burns away the oxygen" - the burning would surely lead to a similar amount of gas, or slightly more of CO and H2O are created.)

submitted by /u/AuspiciousApple
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The stars named thousans of years ago remain visible.If the stars are moving away from Earth,why have none disappeared from view?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 02:13 AM PDT

Do astronomers map fixed points in space? Do we have a way to measure this?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 08:46 PM PDT

I know that we know where Earth is in relation to the sun, but I also understand the universe is expanding and all celestial bodies are hurtling through space. Do fixed points in space exist? Do they matter? Is it possible to pinpoint where I was in the universe the day I was born?

submitted by /u/CharethCutestorie
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How did the evolution of wings happen?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 01:37 AM PDT

I understand that having wings that you can fly with is an advantage over no wings at all. But how can You explain the evolutionary steps in between - little wing-type things that You can't really fly with and can't do anything useful either ? Why did evolution kept these species that have those almost-wings to evolve into fully functional wings?

submitted by /u/softfluffy
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Is the quickest way to travel in space to a destination to accelerate to the mid point and de-accelerate from there?

Posted: 20 Jul 2017 04:31 AM PDT

I am asking purely about the quickest way to get from point a to b in space without using any gravitational mechanics to assist you.

I'm wondering if it would be quicker to accelerate for say 90% of the distance and then brake for the last 10%? All the tools I look at, for example http://convertalot.com/relativistic_star_ship_calculator.html, give the same assumption of even acceleration and braking.

Thanks in advance for your help everyone :)

Edit: I think I just realised the answer to this... The quickest rate you can accelerate at is the quickest rate you can decelerate at. So assuming that you are accelerating and decelerating at maximum rates then it would be the quickest way. Is this correct?

submitted by /u/newosis
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Is it true that octopuses extremely intelligent? In what ways are they intelligent and how do we know?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 02:54 PM PDT

When light hits a reflective surface such as water, what decides which individual photons passes though and which gets reflected back?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 03:56 PM PDT

Joule`s law states that Q=I^2*R*t. If we substitute I with Ohm`s law we get Q=(U^2*t)/R. Is heat generated proportional to the square of current or voltage?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 11:59 PM PDT

You can get third formation out of the Joule`s law If you substitude out R, Q=IUt. In this case heat generated is directly proportional to both voltage and current. How is heat dissipated tied really with voltage and current? What I am mossing out here?

submitted by /u/rainerb4
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You know how if you put liquids of different densities in a container, they separate? What would happen if you did that in 0 gravity?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 12:50 PM PDT

What is the relationship between the photon and EM wave?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 11:18 PM PDT

I think the photon is based on the idea of EM waves, but how do you "quantize" a wave into a photon?

How does the idea of a photon come about from an EM wave?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why does having a ground wire make a piece of electrical equipment safer?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 03:29 PM PDT

I've been searching the internet for a good answer, but I've yet to find a completely satisfying one.

Anyways, the gist of what I've heard is that, if a wire inside an appliance breaks free and touches the metal container, the container of the device is now likely at the same voltage as the hot wire. Now, in theory, if I grab just a hot wire, I'm not in any danger because there's no circuit. Unless I'm also touching the return wire, there's nowhere for the current to go. Birds can stand on power lines, after all. What I've gathered, though, is that since the actual earth conducts electricity (TIL), the electricity will flow from the hot wire, through you, through the ground, and back to the power plant, which is also grounded.

What I don't understand is, if I'm inside my house, standing on a hardwood or tile floor (both insulators), wearing shoes (insulators), I'm not connected to the ground, am I? It would make sense if I was standing outside in a puddle of water, but that's not typical. Furthermore, all of this also requires that the power plant is grounded, which also makes no sense. Why is the power plant even grounded in the first place? Assuming I built the power plant on a concrete block and the wires don't touch the ground, how could a current flow through the ground into the power plant?

submitted by /u/290077
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Wednesday, July 19, 2017

Why are so many people allergic to peanuts?

Why are so many people allergic to peanuts?


Why are so many people allergic to peanuts?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 07:34 PM PDT

Peanut allergies seem to be incredibly prevalent. Why are so many people allergic to peanuts and not other foods?

submitted by /u/slushhush
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Why are our eyes able to quickly adjust to brightly lit environments but are much slower to adjust to dark environments?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 05:05 PM PDT

Are any cultures known that did not use fire at the time of first contact?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 01:19 PM PDT

Do plants die of old age?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 05:17 AM PDT

Given enough nutrients, water, space to grow and a source of light for photosynthesis, and ignoring any potential diseases or natural disasters, could any plant - not specifically plants that are known to have survived for long periods of time like Weltwitschias or that aspen tree(s) - live forever?

submitted by /u/morobin1
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Is there any proof that 'attachment' styles of parenting lead to better adjusted and happier children?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 10:28 PM PDT

Like many aspects of parenting I find that the proof is heavily reliant on self reporting/ anecdotes, and I was curious as to whether there was any empirical proof that privileges one style over another?

submitted by /u/niconiconeko
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How do people from completely different sides of the same country pick up different accents? And how do people pick up an accent to begin with?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 06:37 AM PDT

Planets can have rings. Can stars have the same sort of rings?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 05:38 AM PDT

I don't think Sol's asteroid belt would count as a ring because, I assume, it's not nearly as dense as the rings around Saturn. Can a star even have a ring so dense as to be very visible?

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/photolouis
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How much force would you need to launch something around the size of a man around the world using only mechanical power like a trebuchet or catapult?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 11:48 PM PDT

Can a solar eclipse really blind you?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 03:35 PM PDT

I was always told growing up that solar eclipses can blind you and never look at one. With the eclipse coming to the US in a month, I was curious if it is actually possible to be blinded, or if it was safe to look at one with the naked eyes. Thanks everyone!

submitted by /u/Yankeemil33
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What is a *truly random* number?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 07:36 AM PDT

So I had an MBA Operations Research assignment a few years ago, and I can't stop thinking about it. We used the RAND function in Excel to simulate a data set. I learned that these numbers were only pseudo-random and I wanted to know why - what's the difference? It was explained that this isn't really a binary, that there is a spectrum of randomness so some numbers are more random than others! If one end of that spectrum is Truly Random, then the other end must be NOT random! What gives? After further study, it seems that a random number just has to satisfy the requirement that each possible value within the set has an equal probability of being selected, but in the real world, the set is truly infinite. Is the concept of true randomness simply an artifact of mathematics? Wouldn't it be a violation of the Law of Causation?

submitted by /u/messianicsimplex2
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Why can't stable orbits exist in more than 3 dimensional space?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 07:35 AM PDT

Does the size of a bucket (same surface area on top as bottom) affect the HEIGHT of rain that will fall into each bucket?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 06:01 PM PDT

'Physics' A friend of mine and I have been having a debate about how earlier today I left a bucket outside, and after it stopped raining, there was about an inch of water in it. I then said, "we just got about an inch of rain in the last 15 minutes." He then said, "doesn't it depend on the size of bucket?

submitted by /u/Miamiheat104
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Why solar sails work but EM Drive validity is in doubt?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 07:02 AM PDT

If we have a blind spot in the center of our vision from our optical nerve, how come when I close one eye I don't see a "hole" in my vision?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 04:57 PM PDT

From my understanding, the missing information would be filled in with information from the other eyeball, but if that one is closed how can we know what is in our blind spot? If we keep one eye closed and stare at the same point with our other eyeball would the blind spot slowly develop as our brain becomes more unsure of what is there?

submitted by /u/SteevIrwin
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Are there any plants that contain cannabinoids other than the Cannabis family and Radula marginata?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 12:38 PM PDT

How long would it take for the tidal force from the sun to tidally lock the earth in its orbit, given the sun stays in the state it is now?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 07:00 PM PDT

Could one perform a gravitational slingshot around a black hole? How effective would it be (if yes)?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 07:36 PM PDT

Question randomly popped into my head while staring at the Mass Effect 2 main menu.

submitted by /u/CorvoKAttano
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Are there any proven, long-term effects on children whose mothers drank alcohol while breastfeeding?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 10:44 PM PDT

Why does Benadryl make you drowsy?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 07:58 PM PDT

I know the simple answer is that drowsiness is a side effect of antihistamines, but I'd like to know what antihistamines specifically do to make you feel tired.

submitted by /u/calicogwen
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How do the "1's and 0's" transmitted by a radio signal tell the speaker how to move in order to play a song on the radio?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 01:00 PM PDT

How different would a universe be if it was made exactly like the one we live in, except that every proton is replaced with an antiproton, every neutron with an antineutron, and every electron with a positron?

Posted: 19 Jul 2017 03:11 AM PDT

Could you make guitar strings out of carbon nanotubes?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 05:53 PM PDT

Tuesday, July 18, 2017

With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?

With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?


With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 03:33 AM PDT

Has the growing % of the population avoiding meat consumption had any impact on meat production?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:03 AM PDT

Does nicotine addiction permanently change the brain?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:17 AM PDT

I'm three months into quitting smoking cold turkey, so all traces of nicotine should have gone from my body, and from what I've read it seems my nicotine receptors should have returned to the state of a non-smoker too (< as you might be able to tell, I'm not entirely sure what this means, just something I read).

I admit there was a day last week when I lost the will and had three cigarettes :( Since then, the cravings have become 24/7 and I'm tense all over. The withdrawal has been almost as bad as the first week. (I have learned my lesson...)

A non-smoker who had three cigarettes would not experience an intense withdrawal (I assume); so is my experience because:

a) I have the "brain" of a smoker and my chemical addiction persists (physical);

b) Having a cigarette just kinda reminded me of how nice smoking is or reignited an old habit, so now I want to do it all the time (psychological);

or

c) Something else.

Also, I'd like to know if any brain changes are permanent. Would a smoker who had a cigarette 30 years after their quit experience the same intensity of withdrawal? Would they get (re)hooked on cigarettes more quickly than someone who had never smoked? Or is there a point where your likelihood to become addicted to smoking falls to the same level as a never-smoker?

submitted by /u/reallybigleg
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What exactly is going on in your muscles between weightlifting sets?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 04:10 PM PDT

How is it that one can be idiomatically dying on the last rep of one set, and then after just a brief rest the first few reps of the next set come easily?

submitted by /u/LogicKnowsNoMercy
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Is there such a thing as negative water pressure? has it been studied?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:04 PM PDT

I got this question by pondering Luke Skywalker suspended in some kind of water tank while convalescing (http://i.imgur.com/pHKlbVS.gif).

You know when you're in the tub with a cup, and you completely submerge the cup, filling it with water (no air) and then turn it upside down and raise the bottom of the cup above water level? It would seem to me that there would be some kind of negative water pressure in the cup.

Imagine doing that on a massive scale, in a large swimming pool. When I dive down 10+ feet in a swimming pool, my ears start to hurt from the pressure. If, in such a pool, there were a similar inverted, giant glass - sealed at the top - filled with water (that is, the water is in the glass only because of vacuum, like the bathtub cup) that rose 10+ feet above the surface of the rest of the water, what would it feel like to swim up in it? Would my ears hurt just as much, except in the opposite direction?

Are there any possible therapies or treatments or scientific phenomenon that occur, or occur more readily, in such a vacuum like, negative water-pressure environment? Have there ever been studies or research conducted in this direction?

submitted by /u/baodad
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Canyons like Palo Duro and the Grand Canyon were formed by erosion via the rivers that flow through them. Why don't all dig into the earth and create canyons like this?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 11:14 PM PDT

Why do batteries dissipate energy even if not in use?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:47 PM PDT

If ants keep track of travel by the steps they take, how do flying ants keep track?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 10:29 PM PDT

How do fish keep dirt/dust out of their eyes?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 04:35 PM PDT

So the sibling question to this is "why don't shrimp have eyelids?" The answer I've always found is that the main purpose of land animal eyelids is to keep the eye moist and lubricated which fish don't need to do since they're in a liquid medium already. However doesn't blinking also help to remove dust and dirt from your eyes as well? I started thinking about this because I have an aquarium and raise dwarf shrimp and it's quite common to see shrimp engage in self grooming behavior which includes brushing off their eyes to keep them clean. I've also seen crabs, mantis shrimp, and land insects like damsel flies do the same thing in documentaries. So if land animals blink to clean gunk out of our eyes, and arthropods rub gunk off their eyes with their limbs, how does a fish, which has no eyelids or limbs keep its eyes free of detritus?

submitted by /u/AnimeIRL
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How does chewing tobacco (or more specifically the components of it) cause cancer?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 08:43 PM PDT

More specifically how does it cause gum or throat cancer and why does it deteriorate your gums? Basically I'm curious why it is so harmful overall.

submitted by /u/oldicklightning
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Can you trap a beam of light inside a box?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:44 PM PDT

If yes, can we assume that inside this closed box is not dark?

submitted by /u/Jatobaspix
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Can light (visible or invisible) move a small object?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 04:12 AM PDT

For example, could I move a water droplet by hitting it with a laser or any other kind of light?

submitted by /u/Matrix789
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Why do we need water?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:17 PM PDT

This is an actual question, I know food provides protein, sugars, minerals and so much more, but what is the purpose of water? Like why do we need it , sure it has some minerals and what not, but nothing like food. Thanks guys!!

submitted by /u/rumbustiousrhino
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What other experiments besides photoelectric effect prove that light is a particle?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:44 PM PDT

I've always wondered why scientists classify light as both wave AND particle. I've always thought it was just a wave. Even when researching why it is considered a particle, I still don't understand it. Light being a wave just makes more sense to me as opposed to being a particle. Whenever researching wha experiments prove that light is a particle, all I can find is photoelectric effect. What other experiments or proven theories prove that light is a particle?

submitted by /u/therealmthfckr
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Does Helium and other light gases leave Earth's atmosphere, or does it form the uttermost layer of it?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:05 AM PDT

[Geology] How does an Oceanic Anoxic Event relate to the Cretaceous period? Specifically focusing on the Aptain-Albian age.

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 08:35 AM PDT

Where would the center of mass of the solar system be?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 02:19 PM PDT

Let's assume all the planets (Mercury thru Neptune) happen to line up in a straight line. Where would the center of mass of the Solar system (Sun thru Neptune) be? Within the Sun?

Where would it fall if we included the theoretical new 9th planet (assuming 10x Earth mass and, say, 600 AU)?

submitted by /u/BabySeals84
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Are there any body parts that can't get cancer?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 11:29 AM PDT

I recently learned that teeth can get cancer which got me to wondering, are there any body part that can't get cancer? Because it doesn't seem like it.

submitted by /u/irich
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Recent Photon Teleportation

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 04:49 AM PDT

So I get that scientists can now teleport information between entangled photons, but is this teleportation instantaneous, or at the speed of light? In other words, how is it different from how we've been transmitting information for decades? Also what implications does this have for quantum computing?

submitted by /u/niggadamus420
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What's the minimum distance that we can "see" dark matter?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 10:58 AM PDT

I know we can't actually see it, only observe it's gravitational interactions with matter, but how far does it have to be to observe its effects? Seems like a pretty substantial and important force in the universe, would we be able to detect it if it was, say, surrounding our planet? Floating in patches through our solar system? Can we see it in our own Milky Way, or only calculate it through its tug on distant galaxies?

submitted by /u/marinemac0808
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Those radio waves we receive from outer space every now and again, where do they emanate from and how? If it's not alien life then what is the cause of these waves?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:02 PM PDT