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Tuesday, July 18, 2017

With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?

With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?


With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 03:33 AM PDT

Has the growing % of the population avoiding meat consumption had any impact on meat production?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:03 AM PDT

Does nicotine addiction permanently change the brain?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:17 AM PDT

I'm three months into quitting smoking cold turkey, so all traces of nicotine should have gone from my body, and from what I've read it seems my nicotine receptors should have returned to the state of a non-smoker too (< as you might be able to tell, I'm not entirely sure what this means, just something I read).

I admit there was a day last week when I lost the will and had three cigarettes :( Since then, the cravings have become 24/7 and I'm tense all over. The withdrawal has been almost as bad as the first week. (I have learned my lesson...)

A non-smoker who had three cigarettes would not experience an intense withdrawal (I assume); so is my experience because:

a) I have the "brain" of a smoker and my chemical addiction persists (physical);

b) Having a cigarette just kinda reminded me of how nice smoking is or reignited an old habit, so now I want to do it all the time (psychological);

or

c) Something else.

Also, I'd like to know if any brain changes are permanent. Would a smoker who had a cigarette 30 years after their quit experience the same intensity of withdrawal? Would they get (re)hooked on cigarettes more quickly than someone who had never smoked? Or is there a point where your likelihood to become addicted to smoking falls to the same level as a never-smoker?

submitted by /u/reallybigleg
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What exactly is going on in your muscles between weightlifting sets?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 04:10 PM PDT

How is it that one can be idiomatically dying on the last rep of one set, and then after just a brief rest the first few reps of the next set come easily?

submitted by /u/LogicKnowsNoMercy
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Is there such a thing as negative water pressure? has it been studied?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:04 PM PDT

I got this question by pondering Luke Skywalker suspended in some kind of water tank while convalescing (http://i.imgur.com/pHKlbVS.gif).

You know when you're in the tub with a cup, and you completely submerge the cup, filling it with water (no air) and then turn it upside down and raise the bottom of the cup above water level? It would seem to me that there would be some kind of negative water pressure in the cup.

Imagine doing that on a massive scale, in a large swimming pool. When I dive down 10+ feet in a swimming pool, my ears start to hurt from the pressure. If, in such a pool, there were a similar inverted, giant glass - sealed at the top - filled with water (that is, the water is in the glass only because of vacuum, like the bathtub cup) that rose 10+ feet above the surface of the rest of the water, what would it feel like to swim up in it? Would my ears hurt just as much, except in the opposite direction?

Are there any possible therapies or treatments or scientific phenomenon that occur, or occur more readily, in such a vacuum like, negative water-pressure environment? Have there ever been studies or research conducted in this direction?

submitted by /u/baodad
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Canyons like Palo Duro and the Grand Canyon were formed by erosion via the rivers that flow through them. Why don't all dig into the earth and create canyons like this?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 11:14 PM PDT

Why do batteries dissipate energy even if not in use?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:47 PM PDT

If ants keep track of travel by the steps they take, how do flying ants keep track?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 10:29 PM PDT

How do fish keep dirt/dust out of their eyes?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 04:35 PM PDT

So the sibling question to this is "why don't shrimp have eyelids?" The answer I've always found is that the main purpose of land animal eyelids is to keep the eye moist and lubricated which fish don't need to do since they're in a liquid medium already. However doesn't blinking also help to remove dust and dirt from your eyes as well? I started thinking about this because I have an aquarium and raise dwarf shrimp and it's quite common to see shrimp engage in self grooming behavior which includes brushing off their eyes to keep them clean. I've also seen crabs, mantis shrimp, and land insects like damsel flies do the same thing in documentaries. So if land animals blink to clean gunk out of our eyes, and arthropods rub gunk off their eyes with their limbs, how does a fish, which has no eyelids or limbs keep its eyes free of detritus?

submitted by /u/AnimeIRL
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How does chewing tobacco (or more specifically the components of it) cause cancer?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 08:43 PM PDT

More specifically how does it cause gum or throat cancer and why does it deteriorate your gums? Basically I'm curious why it is so harmful overall.

submitted by /u/oldicklightning
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Can you trap a beam of light inside a box?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:44 PM PDT

If yes, can we assume that inside this closed box is not dark?

submitted by /u/Jatobaspix
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Can light (visible or invisible) move a small object?

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 04:12 AM PDT

For example, could I move a water droplet by hitting it with a laser or any other kind of light?

submitted by /u/Matrix789
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Why do we need water?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:17 PM PDT

This is an actual question, I know food provides protein, sugars, minerals and so much more, but what is the purpose of water? Like why do we need it , sure it has some minerals and what not, but nothing like food. Thanks guys!!

submitted by /u/rumbustiousrhino
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What other experiments besides photoelectric effect prove that light is a particle?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 05:44 PM PDT

I've always wondered why scientists classify light as both wave AND particle. I've always thought it was just a wave. Even when researching why it is considered a particle, I still don't understand it. Light being a wave just makes more sense to me as opposed to being a particle. Whenever researching wha experiments prove that light is a particle, all I can find is photoelectric effect. What other experiments or proven theories prove that light is a particle?

submitted by /u/therealmthfckr
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Does Helium and other light gases leave Earth's atmosphere, or does it form the uttermost layer of it?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:05 AM PDT

[Geology] How does an Oceanic Anoxic Event relate to the Cretaceous period? Specifically focusing on the Aptain-Albian age.

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 08:35 AM PDT

Where would the center of mass of the solar system be?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 02:19 PM PDT

Let's assume all the planets (Mercury thru Neptune) happen to line up in a straight line. Where would the center of mass of the Solar system (Sun thru Neptune) be? Within the Sun?

Where would it fall if we included the theoretical new 9th planet (assuming 10x Earth mass and, say, 600 AU)?

submitted by /u/BabySeals84
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Are there any body parts that can't get cancer?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 11:29 AM PDT

I recently learned that teeth can get cancer which got me to wondering, are there any body part that can't get cancer? Because it doesn't seem like it.

submitted by /u/irich
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Recent Photon Teleportation

Posted: 18 Jul 2017 04:49 AM PDT

So I get that scientists can now teleport information between entangled photons, but is this teleportation instantaneous, or at the speed of light? In other words, how is it different from how we've been transmitting information for decades? Also what implications does this have for quantum computing?

submitted by /u/niggadamus420
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What's the minimum distance that we can "see" dark matter?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 10:58 AM PDT

I know we can't actually see it, only observe it's gravitational interactions with matter, but how far does it have to be to observe its effects? Seems like a pretty substantial and important force in the universe, would we be able to detect it if it was, say, surrounding our planet? Floating in patches through our solar system? Can we see it in our own Milky Way, or only calculate it through its tug on distant galaxies?

submitted by /u/marinemac0808
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Those radio waves we receive from outer space every now and again, where do they emanate from and how? If it's not alien life then what is the cause of these waves?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 09:02 PM PDT

Monday, July 17, 2017

[Physics] What makes the continuous stream of bubbles from a single spot when you pour champagne/highly carbonated beverages?

[Physics] What makes the continuous stream of bubbles from a single spot when you pour champagne/highly carbonated beverages?


[Physics] What makes the continuous stream of bubbles from a single spot when you pour champagne/highly carbonated beverages?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 03:11 PM PDT

I just poured a glass and often they just keep coming from a single spot for a very long time.

submitted by /u/Thesource674
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What happens when my phone reaches 100% battery but is still charging?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 03:10 PM PDT

Follow up question: what happens if I have a charger plugged into the wall and switched on but it isn't connected to anything?

submitted by /u/AronBhalla
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Does fatigue or hunger affect how we perceive other people's physical attributes?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:00 AM PDT

For example if we're tired, do we find people more attractive?

submitted by /u/captmomo
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Do the atoms and/or electrons in a wall *feel* anything when a radio wave passes through them? i.e. do they move at all?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 05:36 PM PDT

Why are there 360 degrees in a circle?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 06:16 AM PDT

Why not 100 or 500? Why 360?

submitted by /u/MegaSnowster
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Why are self-diagnoses of Gender Dysphoria/Gender Identity Disorder more accurate than self-diagnoses for other conditions?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 04:35 AM PDT

In this discussion /u/HiddenStill says that almost nobody changes their mind after starting their transition. Why are we so much better in identifying whether or not we are transgender, than if we have bipolar, antisocial personality disorder or a condition like that (based on the fact that psychology students are explicitly told not to self-diagnose)?

submitted by /u/Jes_Cam
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Does the Dunning-Kruger have an impact on asessing self-evalutation?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 03:59 AM PDT

Direction of a photon?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 01:57 AM PDT

Imagine you have an atom that gets excited and releases a photon. How is the direction of this photon decided and how is the energy transferred?

If it is actually a wave that emits from the atom A (imagine an expanding shell of a sphere with energy of 1 quanta ) at some point this sphere interacts with another atom (B) to excite that.

I've got some crazy ideas which are probably not sensible but it's fun to take guesses based on limited knowledge :)

  • All the energy in that sphere emitted by A is now absorbed by B so not other atoms in any direction will be excited by that shell. This seems bizarre since I'm not sure how a directional laser can work in this setup.

  • All atoms in the universe have a chance of being excited by that photon shell but based on probability where the closer it is to A the more likely the chance. The probability is also multiplied by the crossproduct of the A->B vector and the vector the photon wave is emitted from. This would seem to explain how lasers can work and distant starlight but would probably mean time isn't discrete but more an integral between observations? Would also seem indicate everything is simply connected with time delays rather than light actually travelling through space.

Would love someone to help better understand what is going on here...

submitted by /u/5tu
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How did engineers manage to do calculations and modelling pre GUI PCs?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 02:54 AM PDT

Hi! I was just watching the SR 71 speed check video and it reminded me of an episode in "The Americans" in which soviet scientists want to get a hand on the design (The cross-section, I think it was called?) of a plane the US is designing.

My question is: How did scientists and engineers at said time (Late 70's, early 80's) model air/turbulences/pressure without the GUI we have today?

I know from a friend who is studying mech.eng that software like MathLab allows you to simulate, via FEM, said situations. I saw one of his homeworks and it was a steel beam with different colors showing different pressure points and where it would break/bend.

However, without this visualization, how do you read the results? Is it like a partial derivative? Ie: You have numbers for each "slice" in the digital mock-up?

I have tried to find an answer for this before writing the question but either there is none or I missed the right keywords. If you already know a link explaining this, I would be more than glad to read it.

submitted by /u/Megustoelbertolucci
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Have human sexual organs changed with evolution? Or stayed the same?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 11:26 PM PDT

Why aren't there lightning or thunderstorms in winter?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 07:31 AM PDT

[Physics] What is the amplitude of a light wave?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 06:58 AM PDT

So the amplitude of a sound wave is the difference in pressure caused by the sound wave, and the intensity of the wave is just the power of the wave. For the case of light, the intensity is equivalent to the number of photons per second, but what is the physical representation of its amplitude?

submitted by /u/lalaland296
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What is the transition like between the atmosphere and the interior of the ice giants (Uranus/Neptune) like? How does temperature change in the deep atmosphere?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 05:33 PM PDT

Why can a drag coefficient only be found experimentally?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 08:15 PM PDT

Why is it only found this way? Why can't we derive it from things such as ratios of the cross-sectional area of the object in motion?

submitted by /u/robothecorncob
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Is it possible to give non-magnetic substances magnetic properties?

Posted: 17 Jul 2017 01:42 AM PDT

Is it possible that not only space is expanding, but time as well?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 06:16 AM PDT

Could you provide reasons or sources, if you think just space is expanding and time is unable to?

Related questions:

  • If we can't reach some space regions because space expanding, is it possible we also can't reach some time regions because of time expanding (e.g. the end of universe)?
  • Could we measure time expansion? e.g by observing far away objects like Cosmic Microwave Background, distant galaxies, or pulsars?
submitted by /u/sheerun
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Do parasites serve an ecological function? I know a lot of insects that we consider pests are actually important in the food chain (like ants and spiders) but do things like fleas and ticks actually contribute anything to their environment or do they only sap energy from their hosts?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 08:01 PM PDT

Why does mint feel cold?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 09:19 PM PDT

What would happen if an extension cord was wired to itself on the female end then plugged in?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 02:16 PM PDT

I had to test some chandeliers for my dad and when I was done with the extension cord I used I was just messing around with it and started to wonder. Visual for reference

submitted by /u/scroobiusmac3
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What makes meat taste gamey?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 10:01 PM PDT

I hate gamey meat. I struggle eating lamb, and I can't even get near goat just from the smell alone. I generally don't think of myself as a picky eater, so I'm wondering if there's like one specific chemical or something in gamey meat that I'm extra sensitive to.

I was reading an article that compared gamey meat to the taste of liver. I don't think this applies to me, though, because I love the taste of liver. Gamey meat has a distinct, singular taste that I can't quite describe but I recognize it instantly if I eat or smell something gamey.

submitted by /u/heavyLobster
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Are there any environmental downsides to solar panels?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 08:08 PM PDT

Title! Do solar panels have any negative affects?

submitted by /u/Dark_magician_girl
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Are there any fluids whose viscosity doesn't change with temperature?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 06:24 AM PDT

I've just started to learn fluid dynamics, and was surprised to find that liquid viscosity decreases with increasing temperature, while gas viscosity increases with increasing temperature. It makes sense, but it makes me wonder if anything has a viscosity that doesn't vary, or has a maximum/minimum viscosity at a certain temperature.

It looks like superfluids would have a constant viscosity? What about other substances with non-zero viscosity?

submitted by /u/994phij
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Sunday, July 16, 2017

Is there a reason we want more alcohol once we are buzzed?

Is there a reason we want more alcohol once we are buzzed?


Is there a reason we want more alcohol once we are buzzed?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 09:26 PM PDT

Does the optic disc/optic nerve head (the human blind spot) move when the eye turns?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 10:24 PM PDT

Or does the blind spot stay in the same place no matter where one is looking?

submitted by /u/VentusHermetis
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How does your tongue know when to swallow the food you're chewing and why does it sometimes get it wrong?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 10:28 PM PDT

How can scientists predict there will be a "megaquake" off the coast of North America?

Posted: 16 Jul 2017 03:31 AM PDT

I'm currently watching the National Geographic show Disaster Earth and this episode is about earth quakes.

They say that sometime in the future, there will be an earthquake comparable to one on Sumatra in 2004 and Chile in 2010. They say the cities of Portland, Vancouver and Seattle are at risk and as many as 4 per 1000 people living in the area will die, comparing that to the fatalities of the second world war.

They can't say when it will happen but they seem fairly certain that it will happen. How can they be?

submitted by /u/Roller95
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With quantum mechanics, do particles come 'pre-tangled'? Or can scientists tangle two particles of their choice?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 08:49 PM PDT

What do modern mathematicians study?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 11:56 AM PDT

I see in threads people posting problems like the Collatz Conjecture or stuff to do with checkers and packs of cards...but this isn't what mathematicians really spend all their time on, surely? They seem pointless. What kinds of problems do modern mathematicians actually look at?

submitted by /u/LongingForTheCulture
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When two balls are released on a Newton's Cradle, why is the momentum transferred to the two at the end and not just one (giving it a greater speed)?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 05:43 AM PDT

Twin paradox without the turn?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 10:19 AM PDT

Hey!

So, the twin paradox normally goes - a space ship flies away from earth, then comes back. However, because the space ship turns around or something, you can plot the world lines on that funny graph and it turns out they lost some time due to length contraction or something blah blah.

How about if the space ship started really far away, moving towards the earth?

Say the observer on earth saw people inside the space ship age at twice the rate.

The people on the space ship would also see the people on earth age at twice the rate, right?

How does this get resolved, over a period of time both parties observe themselves aging half as fast as the other, what age are they when they meet? Am I just getting it muddled in my head?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/ipe369
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Is there evidence surgical masks being worn by people who are ill significantly help limit infection of others?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 06:57 AM PDT

I know this is common practice in Asia and, particularly in places with high population density and in tight public quarters it makes sense, but is there evidence this significantly helps reduce infection rates, or is this mostly an old wives' tale?

submitted by /u/polishprocessors
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Ionization by nonuniform magnetic field possible?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 03:06 PM PDT

When including spin-magnetic field interaction in the Hamiltonian with the term B * S, e.g. B=(0,C*y,0), B_y * S_y=C * y * σ_y and using r + spherical harmonics for y. Does it mean an electron can escape from a bound state into the continuum (ionization) while having a spin flip through magnetic field interaction? Usual sources are not clear about whether this is possible, but the transition matrix element shouldn't be zero between a final (Coulomb-like) and initial (bound state) wavefunction. Even electron momentum l should be able to change in a transition like this.

submitted by /u/tuxintuxedo
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Why is feedforward system in active noise control being susceptible to wind noise a disadvantage?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 09:02 PM PDT

I was reading this article (http://edn.com/design/consumer/4422370/Active-noise-cancellation--Trends--concepts--and-technical-challenges) and it says that the feedforward system has a disadvantage of being susceptible to wind noise. Shouldn't the anti noise cancel the wind noise anyway? Why is it a disadvantage?

submitted by /u/PoopsEveryday
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Do we see trends/differences in voting populations naming their children after politicians that won their district?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 09:22 AM PDT

The "Baby Names" thread in ShowerThoughts got me wondering if there's a bunch of kids getting named "Donald" in rural/Republican areas, "Barack" in urban/Democratic areas, etc. If it does, can we see it for things like Governors, high-profile Senators, etc.?

submitted by /u/ristoril
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[Earth Sciences] How does age affect the toxicity of a plant? Are saplings more toxic than their older counterparts, or do plants become more toxic as they age? If it is too difficult to generalize, does bamboo become more or less toxic as it ages?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 05:27 PM PDT

If the mass of the sun were doubled (or tripled, etc), would gravity on earth increase? Would I "weigh more" here than I do now despite the mass of earth being the same?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 07:57 AM PDT

Does ivy actually hurt a tree by "choking" it, or is that an old myth?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 06:57 AM PDT

I recently bought a house that has ivy on some of the trees in the yard. I was surprised by the number of conflicting "facts" I received during the inspection period.

Landscapers, inspectors, friends, relatives, etc. each had a different opinion on whether ivy is bad for a tree. Some say that, without exception, it "chokes" the tree and kills it slowly. Some say there's absolutely no problem so long as the ivy leaves aren't blocking the tree's leaves. I was told "see, the ivy is why the to isn't growing," as well as "see, the ivy is why only the top can grow," and on and on and on.

The homeowners said it had been growing in the trees when they bought it years ago, and the trees never showed a problem. I looked online and found a couple of sciencey looking articles that said it's no big deal, but I figure I probably shouldn't let confirmation bias be my guide.

So: is ivy on a tree harmful to the tree? If so, in what conditions? Does it vary by type of tree? Type of ivy? What else do I need to know? What sources can I site to shutdown the disbelievers?

submitted by /u/JeffnKaye
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It's often said that F = ma because force is defined that way. Why, then, can't it be F = m+a or F = (m^2)a?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 06:51 PM PDT

What would happen if you shoot neutrons at hydrogen plasma?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 02:54 PM PDT

Who wants to perform this experiment?

Basic idea: hopefully this doesn't get deleted, maybe someone can confirm:

Hydrogen usually comes as an isotope where there is no neutron, just a couple of protons hanging out. It's really rare to find hydrogen with a neutron.

So what if we get hydrogen plasma, and shoot a bunch of neutrons at it?

submitted by /u/personofinterest12
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Do large canals connected to oceans affect water levels at all?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 07:22 AM PDT

Does a CME (like the one due to hit in a couple days) have any potential effect on the side of the earth in darkness when the waves hit earth?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 10:41 AM PDT

How does music get transmitted from our phones to our speakers via Bluetooth or the auxiliary cord?

Posted: 15 Jul 2017 10:52 AM PDT