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Monday, June 12, 2017

Why can't I remember a smell or taste the same way I can an image or a sound?

Why can't I remember a smell or taste the same way I can an image or a sound?


Why can't I remember a smell or taste the same way I can an image or a sound?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 09:05 PM PDT

For sounds and images, I'm able to replicate those sense data in my head. But for tastes, smells, and touches, I can only remember descriptions of that sensation. For example, my favorite food is ramen and I'm unable to simply produce the taste of ramen in my head - I can only remember that it is savory and salty. Though it seems that I am able to compare tastes and smells (I know one ramen tastes differently from the next, even if they may both be salty and savory). Does this mean I can subconsciously replicate those sense data? Thanks.

submitted by /u/TheRoyalty
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If dry ice is made of CO2, and CO2 is transparent, why does it produce a white fog?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 01:18 PM PDT

Is there a scientific explanation for the eerie silence people describe before large storms?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 01:18 PM PDT

[Biology] Do birds of a flock obey some sort of hirearchy? Is there an "alpha" bird or birds?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 06:27 PM PDT

Woke up today to the sound of some Kookaburras (not that they're necessarily a bird that flocks) outside my window (Australian here) and I was wondering how birds of a flock might interact with each other as far as some pecking order (no pun intended, seriously) is concerned?

submitted by /u/docvitch
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Are there error correcting codes in thermodynamics?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 04:55 AM PDT

In information theory there are methods for detecting and correcting errors in the transmission of information, and since thermodynamics has proven equivalence with information does the same thing exist in thermo? If so, what is the physical meaning?

submitted by /u/Bahatur
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Why are hybrid animals like Ligers and Mules born sterile?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 02:35 PM PDT

I've heard it is an imbalance of chromosomes from the different species that isn't so different that they can breed in the first place but different enough that their offspring can't produce eggs or sperm, but why is this?

submitted by /u/TheMysticGed
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How many dimensions are out there? 10 or 24 or more?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 04:45 AM PDT

I have read about 10 but is 24 just a theoretical number?

submitted by /u/vaibhavk1
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Why was Kalium renamed to Potassium?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 04:36 AM PDT

How does a violent thunderstorm or tornado cause the sky to appear green?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 01:53 PM PDT

Do communication waves interfere with each other?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 12:46 AM PDT

I saw almost everyone in a conference hall with their cellphones out, watching videos and such. Do cellphone signals and similar signals interfere with eachother? How is it that large amounts of data can be so accurately directed to different devices?

submitted by /u/MakitBunDem
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How can animals detect water when we are taught that water doesn't have a scent?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 12:40 AM PDT

My hypothesis is that some animals don't detect water, but actually detect the effects water has on the environment in which it is found, for example minerals in water due to the effect of erosion or the increased vegetation surrounding water sources.

submitted by /u/JohnathanTeatime
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What was the size of the very early universe?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 02:01 PM PDT

Howdy,

I'm reading Neil de Grasse Tyson's "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry," and he writes something that is driving me nuts regarding the size of the very early universe.

For those not familiar with the book, the opening chapter starts with the Big Bang, and takes you through all of the things that are happening with quarks, leptons, hadrons, etc. He describes all these things and says stuff like, "A billioninth of a second has passed." It's a very compelling literary tool.

But then he writes this: "By now, one second of time has passed. The universe has grown to a few light-years across..."

Here's what is bothering me: if only a second of time has passed, how could the universe have expanded to a few light years across? How could any of those early particles have traveled further than a light second?

Presumably at this point the particles were all limited to traveling at the speed of light. So after one second of time, wouldn't the diameter of the universe (assuming it was basically a sphere) be 2 light seconds?

submitted by /u/Avoid-The-Clap
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Can computers read a book and answer our questions beyond basic keyword searches?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 11:46 PM PDT

Questions like:

  • list the members of the Fellowship (LOTR)

  • plot explanation

  • complex religious problem by reading Bible or Quran

submitted by /u/iBzOtaku
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Why don't our teeth heal?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 07:38 PM PDT

Why do we need fillings for our cavities, after all shouldn't evolution have caused that our teeth can regenerate like our bones and skin?

Idk if this is the same but; We see this by some rodents who's ameloblasts don't die after their teeth grow. Though they need to constantly gnaw at things, to keep their teeth at the proper size and shape, this seems to be a much more practical solution ("evolution-wise") than not healing at all.

submitted by /u/webs1357
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For what situations would the 3rd derivative (and beyond) of displacement, eg jerk, be applied or used?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 12:24 AM PDT

How do atoms join together?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 02:16 AM PDT

Eg. Hydrogen + carbon dioxide - water. How does the hydrogen and carbon dioxide join together?

submitted by /u/willy_wonka_8391
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Can someone please explain holography to me? Just the last step; I can't find the explanation anywhere on the internet.

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 12:01 PM PDT

OK, so I understand interference, coherence and all that kinds of things.

I want to learn about holography, so I open its article on Wikipedia and read. It's all OK until in the "How it works" section, in the "Process" paragraph, I find this:

This missing key is provided later by shining a laser, identical to the one used to record the hologram, onto the developed film. When this beam illuminates the hologram, it is diffracted by the hologram's surface pattern. This produces a light field identical to the one originally produced by the scene and scattered onto the hologram.

How? So I have an interference pattern, I have somehow frozen it. Then I shine a light on it. Why does the light shining on the interference pattern produce the other beam which created the pattern? Thanks.

submitted by /u/elmiraguth
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Where do neutrons come from?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 12:56 PM PDT

If the universe was proton soup after the Big Bang and these protons began gathering in large clouds of hydrogen which due to gravity started to compress and heat and fuse into other elements like helium, where did the neutrons come from?

submitted by /u/lli32
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How can a non radioactive material have radiation?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 01:38 PM PDT

Assume I'm exposed to radiation, how do I become radioactive? From my understanding radiation are gamma beta and alpha Rays. For cases like visiting Chernobyl I should be safe after leaving and cleaning any contaminated clothes, but people can measure radioactivity on someone's body, that doesn't make sense

submitted by /u/hdjsiwwnwn
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Are there any reptiles that prefer really dark places?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 11:44 PM PDT

I'm worldbuilding something and I have a species of REPTILIAN HUMANOIDS who evolved as a species on the night side of a tidal locked planet, and as such anything beyond the most minimal amount of light actually damages their skin along the lines of xeroderma pigmentosum

As far as I know there's no reptile or animal that's actually physically harmed by light, though please let me know if there is. What I'm looking for is any reptile or other animal with an extreme dislike for light, but isn't nocturnal.

submitted by /u/DerpyDaymare
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Does light travel faster through hot air than it does cold air?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 10:32 AM PDT

If you keep flying a plane upwards what happens?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 11:42 AM PDT

How do atoms convert to energy?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 11:23 AM PDT

If matter and energy and interchangeable, how do atoms convert to photons?

submitted by /u/FattyMigs
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Sunday, June 11, 2017

How do we still have radioactive particles on earth despite the short length of their half lives and the relatively long time they have been on earth?

How do we still have radioactive particles on earth despite the short length of their half lives and the relatively long time they have been on earth?


How do we still have radioactive particles on earth despite the short length of their half lives and the relatively long time they have been on earth?

Posted: 11 Jun 2017 03:20 AM PDT

For example carbon 14 has a half life of 5,730 years, that means that since the earth was created, there have been about 69,800 half lives. Surely that is enough to ensure pretty much negligable amounts of carbon on earth. According to wikipedia, 1-1.5 per 1012 cabon atoms are carbon 13 or 14.

So if this is the case for something with a half life as long as carbon 14, then how the hell are their still radioactive elements/isotopes on earth with lower half lives? How do we still pick up trace, but still appreciable, amounts of radioactive elements/isotopes on earth?

Is it correct to assume that no new radioactive particles are being produced on/in earth? and that they have all been produced in space/stars? Or are these trace amount replenished naturally on earth somehow?

I recognize that the math checks out, and that we should still be picking up at least some traces of them. But if you were to look at it from the perspective of a individual Cesium or Phosphorus-32 atoms it seems so unlikely that they just happen to survive so many potential opportunities to just decay and get entirely wiped out on earth.

I get that radioactive decay is asymptotic, and that theoretically there should always be SOME of these molecules left, but in the real world this seems improbable. Are there other factors I'm missing?

submitted by /u/TheBlackLagooner
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How long would we see a Super Nova in the visible spectrum ?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:59 PM PDT

Would we see something before hand and after in other spectrums and why? I understand the distance would be a huge factor.

submitted by /u/flyingfrig
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Why, how and what does it mean that light waves and other waves are sinusoidal?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 11:56 PM PDT

What is between neutrons/protons and electrons?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:29 PM PDT

Why are rain clouds grey and normal clouds white if they're both made up of water?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 05:08 AM PDT

How do we really know what's beneath the Earth's surface?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 02:34 PM PDT

The deepest hole we've ever dug is the SG-3 branch of the Kola Superdeep Borehole, which penetrates 7.5 miles into the Earth's crust. As deep as this hole is, it only goes 0.002% of the way to the center of the Earth. How then can we know what is beyond the Earth's crust? How do we know what the Mantle consists of? How do we know what the outer and inner cores consist of? And how do we know the thickness/density of each?

submitted by /u/Yimter
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How are the sine and cosine functions derived?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 05:28 PM PDT

I understand that for certain angles, using the relationships between the sides of 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 triangles can be used to find the value of sine and cosine.

But what I don't understand is how those functions are found for different angles, like 11 degrees. In practice you use a calculator, but the calculator's answer has to come from somewhere.

submitted by /u/PM_ME_USERNAME_MEMES
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Do you need more force to launch a rocket from the ground or to land it on said ground?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:21 PM PDT

How is ethanol produced industrially?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 03:53 PM PDT

How do companys produce ethanol without yeast? I would think that for industrial amounts relying on yeast would be very unreliable and time consuming, so there must be a way to produce relatively pure ethanol for labs and such purely through non-biological sources. But if this is the case, how come you don't see it being sold as a very strong drink, like everclear?

submitted by /u/billybobthongton
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How do submarines communicate with surface ships and satellite? Does (salt) water affect RF transmission?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 09:28 AM PDT

Why is lithium-ion technology preferred for grid energy storage?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 04:43 PM PDT

It seems that many new electricity storage plans are based on lithium-ion-type chemistry. As far as I know, Li-Ion batteries are preferred for many applications because they have a high energy density, a low self-discharge rate and no memory effects. These benefits seem useless if you're just placing the battery somewhere and charging & de-charging it every day.

On the other hand Li-Ion batteries age faster and are supposed to be more expensive than other types. A back of the envelope calculation (6$/kg lithium carbonate, $2/kg Mn ~ 5$/kg LiMnO3 ~ 20$/kWh spent on raw materials (assuming 250 Wh/kg) battery) tells me that quite a bit of the 125$/kWh of the Chevy Bolt is spent on raw materials. Specifically NaS chemistry seems like it has the potential to be much cheaper. Are there no benefits to large-scale professionally maintained lead-acid systems? Can't we build something based on a couple of cheaper elements? Especially when batteries with 1/10th the energy density would work just fine?

submitted by /u/vonBeche
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Why do marshmallows blow up when you microwave them?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 04:22 PM PDT

And then quickly harden?

submitted by /u/merequeen
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If the density of polystyrene is 1.04 g/cm^3, why doesn't Styrofoam sink in water?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 09:12 AM PDT

Are there particle annihilations that result in other Bosons besides photons?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 01:34 PM PDT

When reading about particle collisions and annihilations, the most common example given is a collision with an electron and a positron, resulting in two high-energy photons. Are there other collisions which result in annihilations with different force-carrying particles? If so, does this imply that there is more to duality besides particle charge?

submitted by /u/jhill515
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I have read that ball bearings should be packed in grease, to reduce friction between the balls & the races. In some cases, couldn't the grease INCREASE the friction, by touching parts of the ball that would otherwise be in contact with air?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 04:45 PM PDT

Why aren't areas that are below sea level covered in water?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:26 PM PDT

Wouldn't water flow downhill into these areas and create bodies of water?

submitted by /u/cquigley666
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How does the CPU know what an operation an opcode bits represent?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 02:00 PM PDT

We've always been told a computer knows how to perform an operation on code based on what it's expected to find. But how does it come to expect something such as ADD (memory location operand) to the ACC. How do a bunch of logic gates and 1s and 0s know that the operand means ADD?

excuse the title grammar error

submitted by /u/Wabacus
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Do insect colonies experience plagues?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 10:35 AM PDT

Ants, bees, termites, seem to live in the kind of conditions that would make humans very susceptible to plagues. (By a plague, I mean a very high-mortality contagious disease). Do entire colonies of such insects occasionally die to contagious disease?

submitted by /u/chopsaver
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So what would happen if you took off your helmet on mars? It has a form of an atmosphere so I wouldn't imagine it'd be the same effect as space. How long would you have to live and what's the most likely cause of death?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 02:12 PM PDT

Saturday, June 10, 2017

What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?

What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?


What happens if you let a chess AI play itself? Is it just 50-50?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:53 PM PDT

And what would happen if that AI is unrealistically and absolutely perfect so that it never loses? Is that possible?

submitted by /u/Exod124
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physicists say to laymen "observing a quantum particle causes the wave function to collapse" but what does this mean mathematically? what does a collapsed function look like compared to the original?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:00 AM PDT

Why does sexual fetishism exist and, moreover, why are some fetishes more common than others?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 08:26 PM PDT

What causes an area to become a salt flat?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 07:06 AM PDT

What are common applications of usage of the world's most powerful supercomputers?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 07:34 PM PDT

If there used to be a lot of water on Mars, what happened to it? Did it leave the planet and atmosphere?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 07:13 AM PDT

There is actually two questions here; how do they keep oxygen in their shuttles or the space station, and couldn't they take plants to create more oxygen?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 10:53 PM PDT

These may be stupid questions, and I apologize if they are.

submitted by /u/FatJesus13908
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Mercury isn't moving at a speed close to that of light. Why did Newtonian gravity fall short in predicting its orbit?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 06:06 PM PDT

My understanding is that relativistic effects are negligible at speeds far, far below that of light (~50 km/s, give or take, in the case of Mercury's orbital speed). Does that rule of thumb apply on to special relativity?

submitted by /u/iamnoteinstein
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How does alcohol interfere with the endocrine system in the body?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 04:20 PM PDT

In 1996, the nintendo 64 was released and was '64' bit. The dreamcast which followed was billed as 128 bit. Why did it take so long for 64 bit home PCs to arrive and what's different between a 64 bit PC and a 128 bit dreamcast?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 02:54 AM PDT

At the time I generally accepted the more bits equals more betterer kind of marketing that these consoles used, but presumably a dreamcast does not outclass a modern home PC in terms of processing power or graphical ability. What did the number of bits mean in a 90's console context and how did it differ to what it means in an average, current, home PC context?

submitted by /u/JimmyCrackCrack
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Since the earth is spinning at roughly 1000 mph at the equator and the air can be perfectly still means the air around earth is spinning exactly with the earth.... What is making the air spin?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 05:43 PM PDT

And.... Since the air around the earth must be spinning pretty much exactly with the earth's spin, shouldn't we see great tornadoes extending out from each pole at the axis of the spin?

submitted by /u/ParticleMass
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What determines the speed that a lightning ball travels along power lines?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:47 PM PDT

There was a video posted today of an electricity ball traveling along power lines in a rain storm. I've heard that electrons actually travel quite slowly through electrical lines. Does the speed of the ball traveling along reflect this?

submitted by /u/Universalsupporter
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What is the limiting factor for the rate of deceleration when landing a plane?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 06:45 AM PDT

When flying to another city the other day i got to wondering what the limiting factor is on slowing the plane down after touch-down? Is it limited by the number of g's the average person will accept or is the available force from air brakes, wheel brakes, reverse thrust etc the limit to slowing the aircraft quicker? Or is there some other factor at play like the structural integrity of the airframe/landing gear/runway? If it is all that the airframe can handle, is this by design because the average person won't accept anything higher anyway?

submitted by /u/Cemanicus
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Hypothetically what is the worst thing that could happen if I don't turn on "airplane mode"?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 11:13 AM PDT

Once a neural network is trained for a task, is there any way to examine the network to give insight into how to traditionally think up and write an equation to do the same task, or is it fairly black-box?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 02:25 PM PDT

Perhaps there is possibly a branch of mathematics that examines equations and optimizes them? Or would some aspect of the incompleteness theorem mean that this is impossible?

edit: maybe the structure of the neural network equation does not lend itself to being rewritten in a form that more readily leads mathematicians to new insights?

As you can tell, I'm not certain about the correct way to word this question, but I'd be happy to (try to) clarify, thanks!

submitted by /u/oakdesk
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Is there a good source on resonances/ periodic ratios of orbits in our solar system?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 05:07 AM PDT

I recently read somewhere (and for the love of it cannot remember where!) that the period of orbits in our solar system can be presented as integer ratios.

So that would mean, when you move from one planet to the next one outwards from the sun, you get a rather small integer ratio for the difference between the orbital periods - within a set accuracy.

And by small in this case I mean something like 94 : 595.

I am looking for a good comprehensive source that shows those ratios - is there any such source that goes:

  • Mercury : Venus = a : b
  • Venus : Earth = c : d
  • Earth : Mars = e : f

etc.

Thanks for any help or pointers you can give me!

submitted by /u/andthatswhyIdidit
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At what point does our body know we are left handed or right handed?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 05:08 PM PDT

I don't have a child of my own, so I've never observed a child "testing out" their handedness. How does this develop?

submitted by /u/oijuy
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Proper explanation on cooper pair?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 03:53 AM PDT

Hi. I'm undergraduate majoring material science and studying BCS theory, trying to find not only definition but also various explanation on it. But I couldn't understood how they move.

The question is: Q1. How these 'paired' electrons (or quasiparticles) behave without resistance? I guess they have to 'move' anyway, and how they can move without scatter? Q2. What is superconducting gap? I think it have different derivation with energy gap. What happens if electron is below/above superconducting gap?

I'm struggling with these concepts for weeks. Please somebody help me with eidetic explanation😂

submitted by /u/Septemberries
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Why is the J/ψ long-lived?

Posted: 10 Jun 2017 03:32 AM PDT

So I've been reading up on the J/ψ particle lately, and am failing to understand why it's lifetime is so long outside of its narrow resonance width.

I know about the OZI Rule and how hadronic decays of the J/ψ are suppressed for diagrams that can be separated by gluon propagators, making leptonic final states a comparable decay option, however I don't understand what it has to do with the J/ψ lifetime.

Suppressed decay modes, have always in my mind, affected the branching ratios but not the lifetime of the particle itself. Naively, it's like saying as the J/ψ travels along, by process of elimination it tries one by one to decay into a certain mode, until it finds one that works. Because hadronic decays are suppressed by the OZI rule, then it simply takes the J/ψ longer until it finds a mode that "works" for it, thus leading to it's long lifetime. Obviously, this picture isn't the case. Someone at the university mentioned to me that the coupling constant of an interaction is proportional to the speed at which the interaction takes place, and since the OZI rule suppresses certain strong decays, then the "weaker" interactions are left thus increasing the lifetime of the J/ψ. However, I have not found any resources online that support this.

I guess a question that would also help here is why is the J/ψ's resonance width narrow?

submitted by /u/RobMu
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Can the ISS be converted into an interplanetary vessel?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 11:27 PM PDT

If light is affected by gravity, can light be caught in orbit?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 12:04 PM PDT

Does electricity have a color?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 12:38 PM PDT

Saw that .gif of a ball of electricity riding powerlines and it is clearly blue, or at least the surrounding area, while other times lightning during storms it can be seem as having a violet hue, Is it just iluminating the predominant color of the environment around the light or does electricity have a particular color they reflect?

Edit: Answers provided sent me down a pleasent rabbit hole, a much apprecited one.

submitted by /u/justatadlost
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Do reptiles have thc receptors?

Posted: 09 Jun 2017 08:29 PM PDT