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Monday, May 15, 2017

Are there ways to find caves with no real entrances and how common are these caves?

Are there ways to find caves with no real entrances and how common are these caves?


Are there ways to find caves with no real entrances and how common are these caves?

Posted: 14 May 2017 08:22 PM PDT

I just toured the Lewis and Clark Caverns today and it got me wondering about how many caves there must be on Earth that we don't know about simply because there is no entrance to them. Is there a way we can detect these caves and if so, are there estimates for how many there are on Earth?

submitted by /u/mastuhcowz8
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Does Psychopathy exist on a spectrum or is it a binary phenomena; you either are or aren't?

Posted: 14 May 2017 07:16 PM PDT

I've been looking into a lot of work and articles and most of the literature just says that "Psycopaths are _" or "Psychopaths exhibit _." There is also more literature that says many psychopaths function within society without going as far as murder, but still can harm others. But I haven't seen too much on whether or not there is a spectrum of psychopathy; only that there is a checklist, or we can check brainwaves, etc.

Can one be partially psychopathic? Just a little psychopathic?

submitted by /u/wittyname83
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What allows light to pass through clear solids like glass, but not through walls/trees etc?

Posted: 14 May 2017 05:52 PM PDT

Does charging your phone slower, by connecting it to a pc by usb-a, makes the battery last longer than connecting directly into a outlet?

Posted: 14 May 2017 08:25 PM PDT

How much, if at all, do other stars' heat and light affect the Earth?

Posted: 14 May 2017 08:15 PM PDT

How do sturrup pumps achieve such high pressures (3000psi), while conventional pumps generally only go up to 260psi?

Posted: 14 May 2017 05:36 PM PDT

I want to know what mechanism is involved here. Generally, for PCP airguns, you need a specialized pump that enables the pressure to ratchet up to very high pressures of 2000 - 3000 psi.

submitted by /u/Thanhtacles
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How can anthropogenic climate change (global warming) cause the earth to dry up when more water becomes part of the hydrologic cycle as ice caps and glaciers melt?

Posted: 14 May 2017 05:14 PM PDT

I thought that the earth was more dry than it is now during the last ice age when more water was trapped in ice caps and glaciers and wetter during times when there was no permanent ice.

edit. I've seen predictions of the earth becoming drier with larger deserts due to climate change.

submitted by /u/Idle_Redditing
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Is there a "maximum loudness"?

Posted: 14 May 2017 07:52 PM PDT

This may seem like a silly question, but I'm genuinely curious: what's the very loudest something can possibly be? Is there a cap?

submitted by /u/theepicelmo
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Why does water vapor or steam rise (and not fall or just stay at the same level)?

Posted: 15 May 2017 06:18 AM PDT

When you boil water on a stove, you can the steam rise. If water vapor is just small droplets of water, why does it rise? And is this the same mechanism at work when water on the ocean surface evaporates to form water vapor in the air?

submitted by /u/regstuff
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Approximately how much solar energy could be harnessed between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?

Posted: 15 May 2017 05:16 AM PDT

If higher spatial dimensions could be visualized, then would all of their axes be perpendicular to each other?

Posted: 14 May 2017 04:48 PM PDT

If I were an N dimensional hyper-being with a protractor, and I measured the angle between ever pair of the axes of the N dimensions, would all of the angles be 90 degrees, or is there a more abstract notion of what it means to be perpendicular in higher dimensions?

submitted by /u/iprobablydontknowyou
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Why are Mexicans half as likely to develop/die from cancer than US/Canadian citizens?

Posted: 14 May 2017 08:42 PM PDT

This question is based off 2012 statistics provided by the International Agency for the Research of Cancer

http://www.cancerindex.org/Mexico

It looks like the same is similar for other less-than-first-world countries. Is this reflective of reality or a product of dissimilar statistical sources?

submitted by /u/WillPrlySugstClassix
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Could the substance known as "atomic trampoline" be used as a shield for space craft or even body armour?

Posted: 14 May 2017 01:15 PM PDT

I'm talking about the substance made of several different elements in this gif

submitted by /u/Shappers
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Is it possible to melt wood?

Posted: 14 May 2017 03:27 PM PDT

Are there any conditions where you could heat up wood and turn it into some kind of "liquid wood"?

submitted by /u/Cranfres
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Why is it that when we rub wool on a balloon, the balloon becomes negatively charged and not vice-versa?

Posted: 15 May 2017 06:48 AM PDT

I asked this question last time on a different subreddit, but the only reply so far stated that the answer was difficult to put simply.

In any case, one of my friends while studying for IB asked me this, and I wondered the same thing. We were always told that when we rub wool on a balloon, the electrons will always go to the balloon instead of the wool. Why is this so? Why can't the wool, instead, take charges away from the balloon? What is the difference between the two in terms of molecular structure such that the wool will give away the electrons at most circumstances?

submitted by /u/SparklesMcSpeedstar
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In Pancreatic Islet Transplants, what is stopping the transplanted islets from being destroyed again?

Posted: 15 May 2017 02:56 AM PDT

I was reading an article about transplanting the Islets of Langerhans, this question popped in my head and I couldn't find an answer myself.

submitted by /u/PrincessDextrose
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Is there a cap on human intelligence?

Posted: 15 May 2017 06:04 AM PDT

Is the speed of sound directly proportional to density of the medium ? And if so, at how high density would sound travel faster than light ? If it's even possible.

Posted: 15 May 2017 02:01 AM PDT

What is speed of sound in the densest thing ever possible ?

submitted by /u/FlexarCZ
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Why does a satellite stay at a constant speed?

Posted: 14 May 2017 03:45 PM PDT

Quick question about satellites in orbit:

If you fire a projectile horizontally off a clip, the magnitude of its velocity will increase over time because a vertical component is slowly being added to the projectile's velocity. When it hits the ground, it will have both a sizable vertical component and horizontal component.

Why does a satellite not gain this same vertical component like a projectile does? Isn't the only difference between the start of a satellite's orbit and the projectile in the above example that the satellite starts at a much greater horizontal velocity, which allows it to essentially outrun the earth's curvature?

I feel like I am missing something basic here. Thanks for any help!

submitted by /u/DoctaProcta95
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Why is tritium often used in elemental gaseous form instead of in compounds?

Posted: 14 May 2017 07:46 PM PDT

When tritium is used for its radioactivity, such as in glowing vials or exit signs, it always seems to be used in elemental, gaseous form. Why is this? Can't it escape very slowly even from totally sealed containers in that form? Why isn't tritiated water or some other compound that won't escape used instead?

submitted by /u/josephcsible
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How exactly does nuclear fallout work?

Posted: 15 May 2017 02:42 AM PDT

If another country wanted to bomb, say, San Fransisco, and I lived elsewhere in California at 4500+ feet above sea level, how would the bomb impact my surroundings?

submitted by /u/hufflepuffprincess
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Are there different constellations on Mars?

Posted: 14 May 2017 06:33 PM PDT

Why aren't there lunar eclipses once a month?

Posted: 14 May 2017 03:39 PM PDT

My understanding is that lunar eclipses occur when the Earth gets in between the moon and the sun. Shouldn't this always happen once a month, when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun?

submitted by /u/bebr117
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Sunday, May 14, 2017

Does a steady or a blinking digital clock use more energy?

Does a steady or a blinking digital clock use more energy?


Does a steady or a blinking digital clock use more energy?

Posted: 13 May 2017 07:37 AM PDT

What happens to electricity pushed onto a grid beyond that grid's capacity to use it?

Posted: 13 May 2017 06:00 PM PDT

With the ascendancy of renewable or otherwise privately generated electricity, many electric companies allow electricity produced in excess of private use to be 'pushed' back onto the wider grid, even paying for that generated electricity in many cases. It makes sense to me that, most connected users being net-electricity-consumers, whatever electricity I push onto the grid is just used by someone else connected to the grid.

My question is, what happens once private generation exceeds grid usage? Where does 'unused' electricity go? What method or mechanism is used to shed excess energy in an electrical grid?

submitted by /u/randothemagician
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How does Sikorsky's(?) Advancing Blade Concept work and how it is different from other coaxial rotor systems?

Posted: 13 May 2017 10:40 PM PDT

What is this newly discovered state of matter called supersolid?

Posted: 14 May 2017 12:55 AM PDT

Could dark matter be explained by neutrinos?

Posted: 13 May 2017 08:49 PM PDT

Okay, there has to be a gap in my knowledge. Which, as an armchair science enthusiast, does have many such gaps. But here's my thinking, and please let me know where I've gone wrong.

1: Dark matter interacts gravitationally, but not with the electromagnetic force.

2: Neutrinos have mass, but don't interact with matter. The only way we can detect them is when they break light speed through a material. I was also under the impression that they wouldn't interact electromagnetically, since they don't have electrons to absorb/emit photons.

3: So, if we have a bunch of neutrinos, maybe even slow-moving (is that even possible?), would they exhibit the characteristics of dark matter?

submitted by /u/Zen_Brony
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How do they get gas compressed into canisters? And then how does the pressure not pierce/blow up the canisters?

Posted: 14 May 2017 02:56 AM PDT

How do you clean up a natural body of water?

Posted: 13 May 2017 04:21 PM PDT

This is something that's always perplexed me. Once you stop the dumping, what comes next? Does the surrounding land cleanse the water? Are there chemicals and filtration processes that clean the water? How do you clean the water without destroying the ecosystems within?

submitted by /u/dgoforthedoggo
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Why does the pitch of the sound of a video rise when the video is sped up?

Posted: 13 May 2017 10:43 PM PDT

Is it possible to get a cold from a pet? To give a cold to a pet?

Posted: 13 May 2017 06:27 PM PDT

When one twin absorbs another In-utero, does the absorber take on any of the genetic aspects of the absorbed?

Posted: 13 May 2017 03:01 PM PDT

Do clouds look generally the same no matter where you're in the world, or are there regional differences?

Posted: 14 May 2017 01:08 AM PDT

I'm aware of lenticular clouds that easily form above mountains, but are there areas in the world where you couldn't see typical clouds like this or any clouds at all?

submitted by /u/spacedrgn
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What actually pushes our feces through our large intestines?

Posted: 14 May 2017 07:31 AM PDT

Is it like one big muscle or does gravity help?

submitted by /u/gillman378
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Do cities stop rivers from changing course?

Posted: 13 May 2017 05:32 PM PDT

Does leaving the A/C on waste less energy than turning it on and off?

Posted: 13 May 2017 09:57 PM PDT

I live in a very hot city (like 90+ degrees hot), and my apartment uses central air conditioning. Someone told me it's less wasteful to keep the AC on at a reasonable temperature (around 70), than turning it on at night and then off during the day. Supposedly the energy it takes to bring down the temperature from 90 to 70 is higher than just keeping it at a constant 70 throughout the day.

Is this true?

submitted by /u/TextOnScreen
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Are blood transfusions ever necessary to save a life?

Posted: 13 May 2017 05:47 PM PDT

That might sound absurd, I know, but that's where I found myself yesterday. My wife's family are Jehovah's Witnesses and a new mother was explaining how she will refuse blood for her kid no matter what. Their reasoning wasn't that their religious beliefs trump the medical necessity, but rather, that there isn't actually any medical necessity. They have convinced themselves through their own "research" that there is never, in fact, a need to have a transfusion, in any circumstance. I said what about a gunshot wound where the kid is bleeding out? Nope, apparently transfused blood doesn't even "work" for 24 hours so obviously it's not a critical intervention.

I'm honestly frustrated and baffled at this kind of thinking, maybe more so because they're claiming to base their thinking on science when as far as I can tell that couldn't be further from the truth. But they did repeatedly point out that I'm not a doctor, so, I'm curious how others, maybe even medical professionals, would respond.

submitted by /u/veggieSmoker
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How does the human body turn sunlight (no mass) into vitamin D (mass)?

Posted: 13 May 2017 05:51 PM PDT

How are bats able to hang upside down for extended periods of time without the side effects of blood rushing to the brain?

Posted: 13 May 2017 08:16 AM PDT

What is the inside of the The Large Hadron Collider made of? and why that material particles doesn't gets accelerated as well?

Posted: 13 May 2017 12:39 PM PDT

[Title]

submitted by /u/Gilokdc
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How exactly does erosion form some of the more unique coastline formations like Old Harry Rocks in Dorset?

Posted: 13 May 2017 04:47 PM PDT

My curiosity was peaked by this r/earthporn post.

It seems amazing that such vertical cliffs have such deep 'bites' taken out of them. And there's clearly a periodic nature to the repetitive pattern. I'm an earth science novice, but I was wondering 1) what is the underlying current that causes this and 2) is this caused mainly by water erosion, or does the wind play a significant role?

Thanks

submitted by /u/conventionistG
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How accurate are breathalyzers and what is there error rate? Would random use of the breathalyzer results in a significant number of false positives?

Posted: 13 May 2017 04:10 PM PDT

My country is in the process of implementing laws to allow law enforcement to essentially do random breathalyzer tests.

I'm curious if this will result in a significant increase in false positives since the population they will be testing will have a much lower probability of being impaired.

submitted by /u/NerdMachine
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Why does terminal velocity exist? Why don't we just keep falling faster?

Posted: 13 May 2017 05:47 PM PDT

How can the body organize and transport different nutrients and vitamins, while flushing out waste?

Posted: 13 May 2017 01:33 PM PDT

How does the digestive system recognize that riboflavin is going to A and potassium is going to B while proteins go to C, transport them to the appropriate locations and dump the waste?

submitted by /u/mijustinzx6r
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If temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles in a system and space is empty, then how can we measure it's temperature?

Posted: 13 May 2017 10:18 PM PDT

Is there just an average of a few atoms every square meter that allows us to approximate the temperature of space in general?

submitted by /u/TheFlyingKangaroo
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Saturday, May 13, 2017

In US states with deregulated electricity markets, is there any meaningful market impact when consumers choose to purchase electricity from 100% renewable energy suppliers?

In US states with deregulated electricity markets, is there any meaningful market impact when consumers choose to purchase electricity from 100% renewable energy suppliers?


In US states with deregulated electricity markets, is there any meaningful market impact when consumers choose to purchase electricity from 100% renewable energy suppliers?

Posted: 12 May 2017 09:00 AM PDT

Doing research on buying electricity from a 100% renewable source supplier (via REC) in my state and came across this note(two studies linked):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_Energy_Certificate_(United_States)#Additionality

Note, that research shows that RECs purchased and retired voluntarily in the United States (i.e., not for compliance with a Renewable Portfolio Standard) do not lead to any significant additional renewable energy investment or generation.

This seems to indicate that a decision to choose a supplier with 100% renewables may not have any meaningful market impact, and may simply be a "feel good" purchasing choice. Is this a problem of scale, with not enough homeowners voluntarily opting to purchase from renewable suppliers?

submitted by /u/ButterGolem
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Do oceans have weather?

Posted: 12 May 2017 06:43 PM PDT

I know theres ocean currents, but are there smaller more localized temporary occurrences underwater? Obviously precipitation is out, but are there any sort of weather events? Strange eddies or localized currents where warmer and colder waters meet, the equivalent of a a windy stormy day under water? Are there ever the equivalent of dust storms along the ocean floor? Anything that could reasonably be called weather?

submitted by /u/Cyno01
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How many organs in the human body can in theory be replaced by synthetic ones? Which organs would be ranked hardest to easiest to replace?

Posted: 12 May 2017 03:26 PM PDT

How does freezing sperm not destroy or damage it?

Posted: 12 May 2017 08:00 AM PDT

How do relativistic effects impact fast rotating pulsars?

Posted: 12 May 2017 08:16 AM PDT

Some pulsars, like PSR J1748-2446ad are rotating at almost 25% the speed of light. Given that the object is only 16km across that means there is a huge differential between the seed of the core, and the speed of the surface of the pulsar. In what ways do time dilation, frame dragging, and other relativistic effects impact the pulsar and its behavior?

submitted by /u/John_Barlycorn
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Why can't quartz be grown epitaxially?

Posted: 12 May 2017 07:20 AM PDT

Is there any physiological basis as to why someone "loses their appetite" after perceiving something gross or unpleasant?

Posted: 12 May 2017 03:33 PM PDT

Why is it that when you hold a spinning bike wheel and then wobble it back and forth it feels like it's moving on its own?

Posted: 13 May 2017 07:00 AM PDT

Why when we get vaccinated our children don't inherit the immunity?

Posted: 12 May 2017 06:27 PM PDT

Why does a rapidly spinning ellipsoid turn vertical?

Posted: 12 May 2017 05:32 PM PDT

Based off this video. Initially the ellipsoid is spinning in an orientation that we'll call 'horizontal'. Then it 'flips' and starts spinning in a 'vertical' orientation. My understanding is that objects tend towards a ground state of lowest energy. So why is the vertical orientation one of lower energy at that particular moment? Is that even the right question? What's going on here? Basically my question is this. What causes the ellipsoid to flip like that? Additionally, why does the vertical orientation appear to be more stable?

submitted by /u/Dranthe
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How does AI work if computers can only do what they are programmed to do?

Posted: 12 May 2017 03:57 PM PDT

I don't really understand AI. How can a computer or something like it learn when the only thing they can do is what they are programmed to do? Wouldn't all the learning be expected by the person that programmed it? Can the AI really do thinking?

submitted by /u/SummonersWar4Fun
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What is the difference between human and fish blood?

Posted: 12 May 2017 04:09 PM PDT

At first I wondered if fish have blood like we do. They do, at least it's red (unlike insects). But when I looked at the images google gave me I noticed that their blood cells look different.

Fish blood (Rainbow Trout) seems to have nuclei in their red blood cells.

Whereas human blood does not.

Are there any other differences between human and fish blood? And what is the purpose of these differences?

submitted by /u/Magisidae
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Why does Venus rotate in the opposite direction to the other planets in our solar system?

Posted: 12 May 2017 02:38 PM PDT

Is there a best shape for a radiator in space?

Posted: 12 May 2017 11:37 PM PDT

If you have an object in space that is generating heat and need to cool it, is there a general rule for the shaping of the radiator? For instance, if the cooling element is shaped like a traditional air cooled radiator, will it be less efficient due heat transfer to other fins on the radiator? Or is there another element of radiation heat transfer that produces a net benefit for more surface area in a set volume? Thanks!

submitted by /u/clonk3D
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What was the speed of glacial retreat prior to the 1900's?

Posted: 12 May 2017 07:50 PM PDT

I got into a discussion about climate change with a friend, and hes skeptical about the recent speed of glacial retreat being faster than the retreat prior to modern tracking methods.

Is there information about glacial retreat speeds prior to the 1900's?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/mecheye
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What are the main differences in Quantum Theory and the Classical view in Physics?

Posted: 12 May 2017 10:02 PM PDT

How does altitude affect plant growth in plants that have specific altitude requirements?

Posted: 12 May 2017 04:16 PM PDT

Take coffee for instance, it doesn't NEED altitude but is definitely limited by it. Is there a property of altitude other than temperature and day length that I don't know about?

submitted by /u/ThisIsMeHelloYou
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How will the erosion of Niagara Falls effect Lake Erie ?

Posted: 12 May 2017 01:42 PM PDT

Can nuclear weapons be made of fissile material other than U-235 or P-239?

Posted: 12 May 2017 01:46 PM PDT

If so, has this been attempted and were there any tests? Are there any advantages or disadvantages?

submitted by /u/blues65
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Why is there no radiative correction to the photon or gluon mass?

Posted: 12 May 2017 12:21 PM PDT

Radiative corrections add to the bare mass of particles. This is often illustrated with feynmann diagrams involving loops. I can also think of loop diagrams for a photon flying around. So why do we not observe a correction to its mass?

submitted by /u/alex_snp
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What would terminal velocity have been in dinosaur times?

Posted: 12 May 2017 11:16 AM PDT

"Dinosaur times" is stupid vague, I know. I'm sorry. But it covers millions of years and I don't have a specific time period I'm asking about. Just the idea that when there was more oxygen in the air to support huge mosquitoes, the air must have been thicker, right? Therefore increasing friction and decreasing falling velocity. But I was curious what the difference was, whether it was an appreciable amount or not.

submitted by /u/James_Keenan
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Is rain on exoplanets determined by the liquid in their oceans ? Does this liquid have a cycle just like water on earth ?

Posted: 12 May 2017 01:02 PM PDT

We've heard of planets where it would rain liquid methane or liquid iron, i was wondering could it be possible to have full oceans of methane on a planet and so just like on earth where there would be a cycle that transfers water from oceans to moutain tops ? Could it be possible or is this just a property of water ?

submitted by /u/gregorio02
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