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Sunday, April 30, 2017

How do animals like whales not get the bends when breaching at high speeds from the depths?

How do animals like whales not get the bends when breaching at high speeds from the depths?


How do animals like whales not get the bends when breaching at high speeds from the depths?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 06:46 PM PDT

Just curious.

submitted by /u/Designnosaur
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What's the difference between a N baryon and a Δ baryon?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 05:22 PM PDT

What if both have the same quark content? What's the difference. Same with Σ and Λ baryons.

submitted by /u/CarrotSlice
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What colour would a neutron star be?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 04:15 PM PDT

A neutron star is made up nearly entirely of neutrons, sometimes called Neutronium, so there are basically no electrons at all in the outside of it. Because this is the case, how would light react with it? Would the neutron star be like a mirror of sorts? Completely white?

submitted by /u/conalfisher
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Why do planets further from the sun receive less energy from its light? How does 'empty' space diminish this energy?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:08 PM PDT

I was researching the factors that influence the surface temperature of planets and I was expecting to find that atmosphere composition (greenhouse gases and what not, Venus as an example) was the main factor, but it turns out the most important one was distance from the sun. How can light traveling through 'empty' space lose energy?

submitted by /u/updateMotivation
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Why is it critical to have extremely accurate time, for Electricity distribution networks to function?

Posted: 30 Apr 2017 06:18 AM PDT

I over heard a couple of Engineers at an Electrical power plant discuss the importance of having extremely accurate time through atomic clocks (something like 1 second of error over 3,000 years is minimum acceptable).

Hoping some one could explain, exactly why such time accuracy is required, what does it enable?

submitted by /u/din-din-dano-dano
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How did scientists explain the formation of heavy elements (particularly elements heavier than iron) before supernovae nucleosynthesis?

Posted: 30 Apr 2017 03:54 AM PDT

Surely there must have been some explanation for formation of metals like gold and silver before the phenomenon of exploding stars was discovered or even suggested?

submitted by /u/boogle93
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Will I get charged plates if I cut a capacitor in half?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 12:06 PM PDT

Say I charge a capacitor, then immediately remove it from the circuit.

Now, there is no path between the two plates of the capacitor, so if I cut it in half, will I get one plate that is positively charged and another that is negatively charged?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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What field of physics does the ER=EPR conjecture fall under?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:49 PM PDT

As no department at my local university seems to believe that it is in their area of expertise.

submitted by /u/KuusamoWolf
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Is there a unified Geiger Meter data set?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:30 PM PDT

Most schools in the world don't have reliable access to a Geiger Meter or radioactive samples to measure, making lab experiments in physics class difficult to carry out.

I want to build an open source program which will help simulate a Geiger Meter for classrooms. For that, I am looking for a unified dataset, or a formula which might help me extrapolate (simulate) the readings for different radioactive materials. For example, something in the lines of:

If you hold 1 gram of radium 1cm away from a Geiger Meter, you get XYZ reading.

Most sources I found are either about radiation on a global scale: https://api.safecast.org/en-US/measurements or theoretically describe what the readings would be... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93M%C3%BCller_tube#/media/File:Detector_regions.gif

I was thinking of pairing it with an easy DIY ionization chamber radon detector: http://www.techlib.com/science/ionchamber.htm

submitted by /u/sanzensekai
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How highly can you attenuate a magnetic field?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:10 PM PDT

Why do some particles interact with the Higgs boson while others, like photons, do not?

Posted: 30 Apr 2017 02:58 AM PDT

Why is there no "electron radiation"?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 03:13 PM PDT

As I understand it, there is radiation that is made of particles (protons/neutrons/neutrinos(?)). But I have never heard of a radiation that would be made of electrons. There is probably an obivous reason for that, but I can not see it (yes, I tried google).

submitted by /u/neuromat0n
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Why can't you explicitly calculate the schrodinger equation in computational programs like Gaussian?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 05:15 PM PDT

I've been studying computational chemistry for awhile now but I'm perplexed by some of the theoretical aspects of comp chem.

Mostly why it's easier to approximate a wavefunction for atoms with many Gaussian distribution functions rather than solving the schrodinger equation outright? Does this have to do with the many-body problem in quantum mechanics?

If so, why is it not possible to describe the wavefunctions for big atoms? I know a full CI is the closest you can get to solving it outright but I don't understand how it works mathematically.

submitted by /u/cinnabarbun
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How does nuclear radiation behave as temperatures approach absolute zero?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 08:50 AM PDT

Would it prevent radiation altogether?

submitted by /u/sama_1998
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Why can warmer air hold more moisture?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 04:26 PM PDT

Why do isotopes have different half lifes?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 06:55 PM PDT

Or more specifically, what determines the half-life of an element? Like, tritium has a much shorter half life than U-235, why is that?

And are there any equations that would demonstrate this?

submitted by /u/PresidentCruz2024
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What influences the way each of our voices sound?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:04 PM PDT

If quantum particles only collapse from a superposition of wave functions when they are observed, what are the requirements to count as an "observer"? Can quantum particles observe themselves or other particles?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 08:57 AM PDT

Let me start by saying I am beyond completely unqualified for this kind of stuff, but this question arose from a strange night when I was alone in my apartment.

I was wondering if I am made out of quanta at some level and everything else is made out of quanta, then the question really is why does everything not seem to behave by quantum mechanics above a certain size? I knew that these particles behaved less strangely once they were observed and they collapsed, and I wondered if I was just a single, unobserved quantum particle, what would I see? Would I be in superposition or would I have collapsed into a single function? What about the particles around me? What would this imply about what I observe everyday in "normal" matter?

I guess the above nonsense is the essence of my actual question, I don't have any of the education in physics to even begin answering my own questions, or even where to look, so I was hoping someone here might have some insight. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Absle
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How much experimental evidence do we have on the validity of the path integral formulation of quantum electrodynamics?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:38 PM PDT

Additionally, if we do have evidence, what are the main papers in which this can be found?

submitted by /u/KuusamoWolf
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how does twitter spam removal work?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 04:47 PM PDT

So usually when I enter to see what's on twitter's hashtags in the U.S. they are relatively spam free. However, when looking at hashtags from my country I see a huge amount of spam. I think that twitter has bots that delete spam, so I was wondering why they don't function as well in other languages. Is it just that there are more people spam bots in my country or does twitter spam detection work that much better in English?

submitted by /u/hello_ABC
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If time is dependent on speed, what is the reference point?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 01:01 PM PDT

If you move faster it is shown that time is passing slower. But since our earth is already moving around the sun and the solar system is moving to (...), what is the reference point that matters for the velocity?

submitted by /u/noseslidejunkey
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When can we use dy/dx as a fraction?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 05:38 AM PDT

I m on my last year of school so i dont have a lot of background on math but i couldnt find an answer to this.

submitted by /u/aangjs
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Saturday, April 29, 2017

Why are car antennas so small now, when 10 years ago they were 2-3 feet tall?

Why are car antennas so small now, when 10 years ago they were 2-3 feet tall?


Why are car antennas so small now, when 10 years ago they were 2-3 feet tall?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 07:05 PM PDT

What happens to your muscle when you sprain it?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 06:49 PM PDT

Why do slugs/snails dislike plants such as California Poppies?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 01:10 PM PDT

From my own gardening experience, I know that slugs and snail don't like California poppies (and some gardening sites say the same) along with some other plants, but was wondering what is it that they dislike? Do they the plants contain a chemical that the slugs/snails don't like?

submitted by /u/bluemuffin78
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When someone dies of exposure, what exactly kills them? Do other animals die from exposure?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 06:12 PM PDT

What are the advantages/disadvantages to using LN instead of co2 in supercritical extractions?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 02:17 PM PDT

What is the difference in their extraction profile?

submitted by /u/PorkChopXpresss
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Are ergodic processes always stationary?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 02:57 AM PDT

If a process is ergodic does that necessarily entail that it cannot change over time?

Asking in relation to Friston's Free Energy framework that assumes living systems are ergodic, but a question has been raised that ergodic processes are necessarily stationary, and living systems are not stationary, so they cannot be ergodic. However I have read about specifically 'stationary ergodic processes', which implies that not all ergodic processes are stationary.

Any clarification greatly appreciated. Thank you.

submitted by /u/Paranoid4ndroid
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Besides the radioactive element, are superheavy elements just like normal elements?

Posted: 29 Apr 2017 06:30 AM PDT

[Physics] Do light particles ever bounce off of each other?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 02:10 PM PDT

I bought pollen free sunflowers seeds by accident. But how did the seller create these seeds in the first place?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 02:30 PM PDT

My Google fu has failed me!

Quote from a seller of pollen-free sunflowers:

" We actually develop all of the sunflower varieties that we sell by conventional plant breeding. No genetic engineering, no GMO. It's a long process that takes at least 7 years from start to finish before we can produce the seeds."

Okay, cool.

"The fact that our varieties are pollen free means that they cannot pollinate themselves and therefore will not breed true from any seeds that you might find in heads after flowering."

So how can they get pure-bred sunflower seeds when the breed cannot create pollen, thus cannot be fertile, thus cannot create seeds?

Even if it was GMO, how do you get the engineered plant, how do you get that one to produce fertile, non-hybrid seeds?

submitted by /u/IrisHopp
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The 'Oh My God Particle' was estimated to have a kinetic energy of about 48 Joules. What would it feel like to be hit by this atomic nuclei?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 09:42 AM PDT

Here is the link to to the PBS Spacetime video on youtube explaining the 'Oh My God Particle' and other cosmic rays: The Oh My God Particle Quoted energy is at about 1 minute.

 

In the video he equates it to a "good size stone thrown at your head at 50 miles per hour." I assume the particle would pass through me 99.9% of the time unobstructed. But if my body were to stop it, would I even feel it? What would it feel like? Could it damage internal organs?

 

Thanks for any insight!

submitted by /u/idontknowdogs
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How were mathematical models fit from experimental data before computers?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 09:52 AM PDT

In other words, how was curve fitting performed? Particularly for more complicated models.

submitted by /u/njm37
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Since things like neutron stars and black holes can bend light, can light orbit around them? What would we see if we looked at the orbiting light?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 12:29 PM PDT

Do portable magnet detectors exist?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 09:58 PM PDT

I'm looking for an instrument that could help me detect when I'm within 1-2 meters (6 ft) of a small neodymium magnet while being outside in the city, and could perhaps even help me pinpoint its location. Sorry if this goes against the rules, but I'm having one hell of a time finding an answer to this.

submitted by /u/cliffdiv3r
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How did people isolate charge(s) to study it before they knew what it was/that it was discrete?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 08:43 PM PDT

How do processors (Qualcom) have an effect on charging speeds? (Quickcharge)

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 03:32 PM PDT

I cannot wrap my head around this. How does a processor dictate how fast a charger can charge?

For example, Quickcharge 4.0 needs a Snapdragon 835 processor or higher.

From a novice Computer Engineer standpoint, I can understand circuits and battery dictating charge speed but not the processor.

submitted by /u/DefinitelyNotHomeles
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Could dropping a hairdryer in a bathtub really kill a person?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 11:33 PM PDT

From a non gfci source of course. Wouldn't the rush of current cause the overcurrent protection to trip regardless? In a larger volume of water would more of the current dissipate?

submitted by /u/bermysander
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Why do handheld glass magnifiers get smaller as the strength of the magnification increases?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 11:32 PM PDT

I work with seniors and individuals with low vision. We show them various types of magnifiers and how to use them to be independent. I have the hardest time explaining to them that getting a larger strength handheld glass magnifier means that the circumference will be smaller not larger. I would like to understand this better so I am clear and correct when explaining to others.

I say handheld glass to differentiate between a glass magnifier set in plastic and video magnifiers that can magnify multiple times using video imaging.

submitted by /u/WanderDrift
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What is the speed of quantum tunneling?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 12:15 PM PDT

as in how many times faster then the speed of light would it be

submitted by /u/joaosturza
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How did stone-aged people fell trees?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 10:36 AM PDT

I've seen videos of stone tools felling smaller trees and shrubs, how did people without access to metal tools chop down something like a large oak tree? Was it ever even done?

submitted by /u/Kombaticus
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How does sublimation work on a molecular level? Is there really no period of time between solid and gas or is the transition instant?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 11:40 AM PDT

I'm thinking is terms of planck time or quantum time.

submitted by /u/on_those_1960s
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What makes water so significant for searching for potential life?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 09:32 AM PDT

I've been watching a lot of videos on YouTube about the Drake equation, potentially habitable planets, planets with potential life, etc. and I got to wondering why is water so significant to a planet potentially having life? Is it just because of our observations of biological life on earth? Is it not plausible that there could be life forms that can live off of other elements or gasses like CO2? I'm not super familiar with this kind of science, as I am a software engineer, so I apologize if this question is redundant.

submitted by /u/chrisrod369
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Friday, April 28, 2017

Are there any poisons/toxins which, if taken separately, are fatal, but if taken simultaneously, are not?

Are there any poisons/toxins which, if taken separately, are fatal, but if taken simultaneously, are not?


Are there any poisons/toxins which, if taken separately, are fatal, but if taken simultaneously, are not?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 06:31 PM PDT

What's reference point for the speed of light?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 02:42 AM PDT

Is there such a thing? Furthermore, if we get two objects moving towards each other 60% speed of light can they exceed the speed of light relative to one another?

submitted by /u/IwishImadeSense
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Do x-rays have depth of field like regular cameras do? How do things look in an out of focus X-ray shot?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 09:03 AM PDT

Do our brains process faces differently as we age?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 02:39 PM PDT

For example, a five year old looks at a picture of the face of a ten year old and thinks they look old and mature, whereas if the child looks at that same picture ten years later, he'll probably think the ten year old looks childish. Can this be explained in the brain?

submitted by /u/JoeCool888
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How is linearity of quantum mechanics compatible with non-linear systems higher up?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 06:20 AM PDT

One striking property of the Shrodinger's Equation is that it's linear - if I want to compute the evolution of a sum of waves, I can just compute for each wave and add the results up.

However, if you compose linear functions, aren't you always suposed to get linear functions? How can complicated systems (macro objects) exhibit non-linear behaviour if they are composed of linear parts? Especially confusing is the squared modulus rule for probabilities of measurement - where the hell does that come from? Squaring is pretty obviously nonlinear. How come?

submitted by /u/thetimujin
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Why does the tricuspid valve have 3 cusps and the mitral valve have 2 cusps? Why is there a difference?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 05:52 PM PDT

When something exceeds its half-life, what does it become?

Posted: 28 Apr 2017 07:28 AM PDT

More directly, a muon has a half-life of 2.2 seconds. What happens after those 2.2 seconds? What does it become?

submitted by /u/Solmeaus
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What does the colour of gas giant planets, like Jupiter's Red Spot come from?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 01:50 PM PDT

Why does Ice behind the ear mitigate a Vasovagal response?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 06:08 PM PDT

There are many things that can trigger a Vasovagal response. One of the most common is having blood drawn. The affected may feel dizzy, nauseous, or may even faint. A lesser known treatment is to hold ice behind the ear (corresponding to the arm giving blood) for about a minute before and throughout the drawing of blood.

Physiologically, why does this help mitigate a Vasovagal response?

submitted by /u/thegreatroe
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Gravitons, Where do they come from? Are they a field like the Higgs Boson?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 07:15 PM PDT

Hey guys, Im reading Steven Hawkins "The Universe in a Nutshell" and I'm confused on gravitons. I get photons being a release of energy as an electron moves down an orbit and I understand the particles that have to do with the weak nuclear force, I just don't understand the origin of gravitons. Are they emitted from interactions of particles or are they a field? Thanks!

submitted by /u/TheBoulder101
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Why does going from 20 or 30 frames per second to something like 60 cause an image to appear smoother (faster?), but going from 60 fps to 120 fps cause video to appear in slow motion?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 01:35 PM PDT

Is it theoretically possible to reach space in a hot air balloon?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 04:57 AM PDT

How do we determine an accurate half life of an isotope?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 06:30 AM PDT

I have a general understanding of what half lives are and how we date things using them. My question is this -- how do we determine the actual rate of a half life for something beyond our immediate observable timeline?

For example, for potassium-40 the half life is considered to be about 1.3 billion years. Since we cannot directly observe that amount of time, how do we arrive that that is the correct half life? Is there a constant decay of the isotope that we can then project how long it would be for a half life? And if this is the case, how can we accurately factor in cases where exponential decay may occur?

Thanks for your time in answering my question. I apologize if this has been answered before and I was unable to find it -- still new to reddit.

submitted by /u/The_Nameless_Deity
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Are there any negative effects to long-term exposure to high-frequency/ultrasonic sounds like in animal repellent devices?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 11:07 AM PDT

Looking for information related to mental and physical effects on children and young people specifically, but also in general.

The reason for this post is to find reputable sources that relate to the topic. Answers are fantastic, but appreciate citable resources as well.

submitted by /u/Cianistarle
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[Physics] How are electrons in an atom distributed?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 04:59 AM PDT

So I'm fresh out of high school and what they taught us about the atomic model was niels bohrs model(I think) , with the definite locations of electrons arranged in shells around the nucleus. Thing is I recently stumbled across it online that this was extremely outdated and apparently what's now used is the electronic cloud model, can someone explain to me how this works? I tried reading about it but could only grasp about 50% of it. Some parts of it were just too complicated like, "an electron exists everywhere in the atomic at the same time" I can't seem to understand this part perfectly.

How do electrons in an atom exist? As waves or as particles? How are they spaced out, can they be pinpointed at a particular point?

submitted by /u/Temilitary
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Are there any examples of sexual reproduction that involves more than 2 gametes?

Posted: 27 Apr 2017 01:56 AM PDT

Excluding asexual reproduction, are there any examples that involve three or more gametes? If not why is there this limit throughout all taxa on earth?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Qontinent
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