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Tuesday, April 4, 2017

Is DNA Compressed?

Is DNA Compressed?

Is DNA Compressed?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 08:26 AM PDT

Are any parts of DNA compressed like a zip file? If so, what is the mechanism for interpretation to uncompress it?

submitted by /u/TrashyFanFic
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What happened to the hole in the ozone layer?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 07:15 AM PDT

How can hormones and other proteins in food (meat/milk etc.) affect us if all proteins get broken down into amino acids before being absorbed?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 08:00 AM PDT

There are many opinions floating around about how "humans aren't supposed to drink milk" because the hormones in it are for baby cows and growth/fertility hormones given to farm animals are detrimental to our health when we eat them. While I don't have strong feelings about either of these issues I do want to know if they have any valid reasoning. Granted my understanding of digestion is pretty basic but I can't imagine we have receptors for hormones on the outside of the digestive tract, or that proteins that large can be absorbed without breaking them down.

submitted by /u/ChosenBeard
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If there are 3 space dimensions and one time dimension, is it theoretically possible to have multiple time demensions and if so how would it work?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 12:34 PM PDT

How do composites of fermions acquire Bose-Einstein statistics?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 07:42 PM PDT

For example, I can have two pions in the exact same quantum state. But it seems like exchanging the two up quarks in the pions should cause the wave function to change sign without changing the state, implying that the amplitude of this state is zero, by the same argument used for the PEP for unbound fermions.

submitted by /u/EnshaednK
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What specific adaptations, if any, have Caribou acquired to cope with the large amount of lichen in their winter diet?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 09:52 AM PDT

The Earth bulges at the equator because it is spinning. Are equatorial bulges present on gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 03:10 PM PDT

Does the bulge change at all because its gas? I.E, is it larger or smaller when proportionally compared to earth. Thanks

Here is what I'm referencing for the curious:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_bulge

submitted by /u/TuckItInThereDawg
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Could any plants grow anywhere on Mars?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 06:56 AM PDT

Seeing as Mars has a wide variation in temperature and ground water could any plants from Earth grow anywhere on the planet for even a short time? If not, how close are any plants to being able to grow there?

submitted by /u/a1thirteen
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How does the body keep our nerves, the tendons, veins and arteries from tangling into a mess?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 07:20 AM PDT

What exactly is irrotationality in fluid flow? Does it refer to the circular paths of fluid particles or the rotation of the particles about their own axis or both?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 10:09 PM PDT

This is the assumption made while deriving Bernoulli equation, though never specifies as to what it is referring.

submitted by /u/sudhu28
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Why are microwaves used for Microwave Ovens instead of visible or infrared light?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 02:29 PM PDT

If there is more energy in visible light and infrared, why do we use microwave light for Microwave ovens?

Wouldn't a Visible Light appliance with the same concept of a Microwave be even more efficient at beating our food? The same could be said for Infrared Light?

submitted by /u/hockeyboi
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For PRBS3 with clock input on each gate, how can you work out the sequence?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 03:05 PM PDT

I've seen them described on Wikipedia, but I don't understand the process of working out the states, and the order that they repeat in.

submitted by /u/HitchikersPie
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How do we know that when pi is used in a formula is it actually pi and not something similar?

Posted: 04 Apr 2017 05:24 AM PDT

For example Coulomb's law Has 4π ε0. Where ε0 is 8.85 × 10-12 F m-1 How do we know that it's π and we haven't just made ε0 different. Like ε0 supposed to be 2.78*10-11 F m-1 but we saw that a bit of π was a factor so we put it in there?

Same for the formula for magnetic field strength it also has π and a constant in it. How do we know that it's π and not just something close?

submitted by /u/LinksToStuff
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In the history of life on Earth, around when did the first fart occur, and what would the organism that dealt it have been like?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 03:48 PM PDT

I'm thinking it would be the first animal to have a gastrointestinal tract, but maybe I'm wrong.

submitted by /u/kernco
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What are some problems or disadvantages of Thorium nuclear reactors?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 12:12 PM PDT
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Monday, April 3, 2017

Why does sticking your fingers back your throat trigger your gag reflex, but swallowing food doesn't?

Why does sticking your fingers back your throat trigger your gag reflex, but swallowing food doesn't?

Why does sticking your fingers back your throat trigger your gag reflex, but swallowing food doesn't?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 10:54 AM PDT

I was reading about antimatter, and was wondering, how can you tell that gamma rays came from anti-matter and matter reacting, versus some other source (GRBs, etc.)?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 03:17 PM PDT

Why does lightning flash, but thunder rumble?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 04:48 AM PDT

Does letting a phone battery die completely before charging help improve battery life?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 06:40 PM PDT

It seems occasionally my phone will start to get a terrible battery life, lasting less than 12 hours, but if I run the battery to zero and let it charge to 100%, the phone seems to last a whole day again.

Is this a real effect? If it isn't, why would it seem like a real effect?

submitted by /u/jt4
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Why can't you ever have truly monochromatic light?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 07:52 PM PDT

Why is there no more room for any other elements in the Periodic Table?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 06:25 PM PDT

Forgive me..I don't know how to link to a specific comment thread. In Neil Degrasse Tyson's AMA this evening, part of his answer to one of the top questions was...

"Consider also that you reference and "unearthly" element. That is not likely at all because the periodic table of elements is full. There's no room for any other elements to be discovered in the natural universe."

Why, is it impossible to think that there could be undiscovered elements in the universe? Or, no room for them as he put It? Thanks!

submitted by /u/Trishness72
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If you sent a particle that doesn't interact gravitationally or electromagnetically through a black hole, would it come out the other side?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 09:24 PM PDT

If you had a particle that didn't have mass or interact electromagnetically, would this be able to 'escape' the grasp of a black hole? Would any other interactions be observable? Would time and space dilation be measurable and consistent with massive particles? Thank you!

submitted by /u/kingdot
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How does the absorption spectrum of compounds and molecules differ from that of their constituent elements?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 02:00 PM PDT

I know that there is a very specific absorption spectrum for for example Nitrogen and Oxygen, and that these allow us to estimate the atmospheres of other celestial bodies. Is there a sufficient difference in absorption spectra between these and NOX gases to determine weather another body had an atmosphere of one or the other? How does this difference exist (if indeed it does at all)?

submitted by /u/Nighthunter007
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How does a wireless signal get converted into binary?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 12:50 AM PDT

When you send a wireless signal from, for instance, a remote control to a tv, how does the tv interpret these signals and convert them into binary? Does the remote control just turn off to represent a 0 and on to represent a 1 or is the process more complex?

submitted by /u/sebeliassen
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What makes Dinosauria a valid or useful clade? Are there features all dinosaurs (including birds) share?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 12:37 AM PDT

Wikipedia tells me—

Under phylogenetic nomenclature, dinosaurs are usually defined as the group consisting of Triceratops, Neornithes [modern birds], their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), and all descendants.

But can't this be done for any two animals? You can find the most recent common ancestor of, say, humans and langurs and declare all descendants of that animal part of the clade Homoguria, a sub group of primates. But that really wouldn't be a useful classification, would it?

set of animals being defined as dinosaurs: "Dinosauria = Ornithischia + Saurischia"

Again, why not separately study Ornithischians and Saurischians? Why combine these two orders into a clade called Dinosauria?

As I understand, a clade refers to any phylogenetic grouping apart from the standard one like phylum, class, order, etc. So, when we have two proper orders like Ornithischia and Saurischia, why invent a "clade" that includes both of them?

The only reason I can think of is that there were some very definite traits shared by all dinosaurs. If so, what are they? Thank you.

submitted by /u/itachinosaigoppeh
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What determines the maximum achievable frequency of a processor on a microscopic level?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 02:43 PM PDT

How much does gravity affect result of chemical reactions? Was there ever a chemical experiment set in space that gave significantly different results than on Earth?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 10:40 AM PDT

EDIT: not only result, but the whole process of reaction

submitted by /u/strugglingwithbasics
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Is it possible that we could have a semiconductor diode equivalent, but working on the basis of heat rather than electricity, and how would it work?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 08:13 PM PDT

For example, in heating one end of the rod, the other end eventually heats up, but by heating it from the opposite end, no heat comes through and the other end remains cold, I can immediately think of 1000 uses for something like this, for example air conditioning, or refrigeration.

submitted by /u/Hielexx_00
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How close are we to "solving" protein folding?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 07:58 PM PDT

Is it just a matter of having enough computational resources, or are there still major gaps in our knowledge of protein folding mechanisms?

submitted by /u/Haxld
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If one isn't so interested in making fusion an "energy positive" reaction, could one potentially use a fusion reaction to store energy instead?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 10:50 AM PDT

I know fusion reactions are pretty high energy things, and then whenever we try to contain one, the energy required makes it an energy negative reaction.

However, if one forgoes an interest in making fusion energy positive, could one form an equilibrium with energy in/energy out to turn the fusion reaction into a battery? (A battery that leaks energy, but still "stores" it nonetheless)

My thinking is that if you feed X amount of power into the system, it will produce (X - (w)x) power, where w is the fraction of power that is wasted per unit of input per unit of time, which can be fed back into the input with the option of drawing more power (thereby "shrinking" the reaction) to charge a network of batteries that function as an energy buffer of sorts, which us humans then draw from.

Is there any sense in which fusion could work like this? Like, what can we do with fusion if we lose an interest in making it energy positive?

submitted by /u/OminousLatinWord
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Dangerous goods flashpoints. Should the lowest temperature be marked or the one closest to zero on the Celsius scale?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 01:24 AM PDT

I work at a shipping company, booking cargo on vessels. I was given a manual on hazardous cargo booking. It was stated that should the customer provide a range of degrees, I should input the lowest point for plus degrees and the highest point for minus degrees. When I challenged this to my superiors, I was told that this should be done so because as temperature decreases, the cargo would cool down from zero and thus reach the higher negative temperatures first. I argued that according to what I remember from chemistry, the higher the temperature, the more active every suvbstance gets. Thus, the lowest value from that range should be marked, since everything up from there would be increasingly dangerous anyway. The fire (and other) hazards don't just cease because the temperature is "too high" in the case of any substance, do they? For now, I'm following orders, however I would like to know who is right for the sake of the safety of those people that work with the cargo. Thanks!

submitted by /u/codenamecordon
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If i take a paternity test with my fathers identical twin, what will the result be ?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 11:01 AM PDT

Why does food taste different when it's cold vs when it's hot?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 11:08 AM PDT

Why didn't bacterial antibiotic resistance occur in the wild before we started using antibiotics?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 11:31 PM PDT

Penicillin was discovered in mushroom spores, but if penicillin occurred naturally in the world before us using it, why wasn't there already penicillin resistant bacteria?

submitted by /u/Personalityprototype
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The must a way to precipitate the salts out of sea water to make it drinkable . Is it possible?

Posted: 03 Apr 2017 03:06 AM PDT

How does the Q value of a nuclear reaction determine how likely that reaction is?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 01:02 PM PDT

Say there are two possible ways a nucleus can decay. Will the reaction with the larger Q value be more or less likely to occur? Why is this the case? Which process will require less energy?

submitted by /u/Man_Thighs
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What is the coldest recorded or known spot in the universe?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 10:52 AM PDT
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Sunday, April 2, 2017

If I'm in a car goong 25mph with 25mph sustained tailwinds, and i roll down the window, will i feel any breeze?

If I'm in a car goong 25mph with 25mph sustained tailwinds, and i roll down the window, will i feel any breeze?

If I'm in a car goong 25mph with 25mph sustained tailwinds, and i roll down the window, will i feel any breeze?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 07:22 PM PDT

Why is lithium-7 hydroxide monohydrate used as a power systems coolant? Is it considered a salt? Why it is used as a PH regulator on nuclear reactors?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 06:48 PM PDT

How do the quantum numbers for the electrons in orbits arise from the Schrodinger's equation?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 06:26 AM PDT

Side question: do these numbers relate directly to the orbital's shape? As in, does the set of quantum numbers for any given electron actually give the mathematical region's shape, or are they just a reference number for something more complicated?

submitted by /u/Lichewitz
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Why are neutron stars highly magnetic?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 07:41 PM PDT

How can a lump of neutrons with no charge be magnetic?

submitted by /u/roland_cube
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Why does my phone trigger the weight sensor on the passenger seat of my car?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 08:08 PM PDT

Also, it only does it when it is plugged up.

submitted by /u/eagleeyerattlesnake
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How is the power of nuclear weapons increased?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 08:07 PM PDT

Say I were to wake up in the Mesozoic Era, would the air still be breathable for humans?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 05:26 PM PDT

How is DNA converted into information that computers can interpret?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 06:37 PM PDT

When genetic samples taken from saliva for example are genotyped how is this done? How is DNA fed into a computer in a way that it can actually interpret as seen with services such as 23andMe? Spit -> X -> Digital representation of DNA, what is "X"?

submitted by /u/READERmii
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Where is the two-dimensional space?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 02:35 AM PDT

Apparently there are more dimensions in this universe, but we are not able to see them because we live in a 3D world... However, shouldn't we be able to observe worlds with fewer dimensions? The novel Flatland for example describes such a two-dimensional world, occupied by geometric figures. There is also an episode of Star Trek:TNG, where the USS Enterprise encounters two-dimensional lifeforms... So, where are these two-dimensional worlds and how could we detect them?

submitted by /u/Memeito
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If scientists use mice/rats to experiment on, what sort of genetic similarity is there between humans and the test subjects to make them base the medicinal entity off of rats?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 07:11 PM PDT

I mean monkeys or some primate that have any sort of genetical similarity would make more sense than a rodent that is kept in a cage.

submitted by /u/amaan_s_hussain
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How far away could the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs be felt?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 06:19 PM PDT

In terms of the "earthquake".

submitted by /u/Anunkash
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What happens to you physiologically when exposed to radiation from a nuclear bomb detonating? Sources?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 07:17 PM PDT

My biology/english class has us writing narrative "non-fiction" (aka real science, hypothetical situation) relating to some illness, condition, or anything physiological, and I chose to write a story about someone being a nearby when a nuclear bomb goes off. The CDC website isn't very helpful, as I want detailed information, and some papers are behind paywalls. Can anyone help?

submitted by /u/HeavyMetalAstronomer
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How do we know that the universe is 13,7 billion years old when time is relative? Who's time do we follow in this assumption?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 09:06 AM PDT

They say tigers do not purr. Do they lack the mechanism by which other felines purr, or is it like how I don't speak Dutch?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 05:03 PM PDT

What can a spoiler's end plates angle do to the aerodynamics ?

Posted: 02 Apr 2017 01:15 AM PDT

I'm not so smart, but it's been a week since this question keeps coming up in my mind. I used Stuner to illustrate my ideas. So I thought of 3 different scenarios: Inwards : http://prnt.sc/erfp96 Perpendicular : http://prnt.sc/erfpc7 Outwards : http://prnt.sc/erfpf6 What I want to know, in a nutshell, it's how these 3 different scenarios can change the aerodynamics of a racing car.

submitted by /u/MTFKJNS
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Where did they get the ice to put in iceboxes from?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 02:49 PM PDT

How was the ice created that was used in old refrigerators?

submitted by /u/ikea_futon
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Do some people burn more calories performing mental tasks than others performing those same tasks? Given they both have the same experience or knowledge of the subject?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 12:27 PM PDT

does the age at which a male goes through a growth spurt correlate with their final height?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 07:38 PM PDT

can we create more powerful nuclear weapons by fusing heavier elements like carbon and iron ?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 11:16 AM PDT

would it be theoretically possible

submitted by /u/srikrishna1997
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How do scientists calculate the age of distance planets/stars/galaxies?

Posted: 01 Apr 2017 05:05 PM PDT

From what I've learned from my Geology 101, we aren't even sure exactly how old the Earth and Moon are even though we have access to their rocks (brought back from the Moon in various mission in the 60s and 70s). What are some examples of what and how scientists use to determine the age of stuff found in space without having access to its surface or even a clear picture of it?

submitted by /u/tpham1206
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